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Job Capítulo 28
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Job 28:1-28.
简体中文
Original em inglês
Job 28:1-28.
JOB'S SPEECH CONTINUED.
In the twenty-seventh chapter Job had tacitly admitted that the statement of the friends was often true, that God vindicated His justice by punishing the wicked here; but still the affliction of the godly remained unexplained. Man has, by skill, brought the precious metals from their concealment. But the Divine Wisdom, which governs human affairs, he cannot similarly discover
(Job 28:12,
&c.). However, the image from the same metals
(Job 23:10)
implies Job has made some way towards solving the riddle of his life; namely, that affliction is to him as the refining fire is to gold.
1. vein--a mine, from which it goes forth, Hebrew, "is dug."
place for gold--a place where gold may be found, which men refine. Not as English Version, "A place--where,"
(Mal 3:3).
Contrasted with gold found in the bed and sand of rivers, which does not need refining; as the gold dug from a mine does. Golden ornaments have been found in Egypt, of the times of Joseph.
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2. 铜（brass）——即紫铜；因黄铜（brass）是铜与锌的合金，为近代的发明。铁比铜更难发现和冶炼；故铜远在铁之前就已普遍使用。普林尼（PLINY）[《自然史》（Natural History），34:1；36:21]称铜石为 cadmium。铁被恰当地说是从“土”（尘土）中取出来的，因矿石看起来不过是泥土而已。
Original em inglês
2. brass--that is, copper; for brass is a mixed metal of copper and zinc, of modern invention. Iron is less easily discovered, and wrought, than copper; therefore copper was in common use long before iron. Copper-stone is called "cadmium" by PLINY [Natural History, 34:1; 36:21]. Iron is fitly said to be taken out of the "earth" (dust), for ore looks like mere earth.
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3. “人把黑暗查究到尽头”，即（带着火把）探查最幽暗的深处。
各样的完全（all perfection）——更当译作：将搜查进行到极致；极其周密地搜查黑暗与死荫（最浓的幽暗）之处的石头；即埋藏在地最暗腹中的一切石头，无论其为何物[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]（伯26:10）。
Original em inglês
3. "Man makes an end of darkness," by exploring the darkest depths (with torches).
all perfection--rather, carries out his search to the utmost perfection; most thoroughly searches the stones of darkness and of the shadow of death (thickest gloom); that is, the stones, whatever they be, embedded in the darkest bowels of the earth [UMBREIT]
(Job 26:10).
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4. 采矿有三样艰难：1.“一股水流（洪水）在陌生人旁边突涌出来”；即矿工——一个闯入前所未探之地的陌生新客；他突见身旁涌出水流而惊惶，便表达出来（英文译本作“从居民那里”）。2.“被脚忘记（无以支撑），他们悬吊”，即借绳索下降。希伯来文在此句之前有“看哪”一词，生动地将其置于眼前，如同历历在目。“水”是英文译本所加。“干涸”当为“悬吊”、“被悬挂”。英文译本也许理解为：人先前不知不觉存在的水，在其未曾踏足之处；然而人的精力如此旺盛，借着抽水机等，不久便使这些水“干涸退去”[赫尔德（HERDER）]。3.“远离人群，他们迈着不稳的步伐前行”；即他们摇摇晃晃；而非“他们消失了”[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]。
Original em inglês
4. Three hardships in mining: 1. "A stream (flood) breaks out at the side of the stranger"; namely, the miner, a strange newcomer into places heretofore unexplored; his surprise at the sudden stream breaking out beside him is expressed (English Version, "from the inhabitant"). 2. "Forgotten (unsupported) by the foot they hang," namely, by ropes, in descending. In the Hebrew, "Lo there" precedes this clause, graphically placing it as if before the eyes. "The waters" is inserted by English Version. "Are dried up," ought to be, "hang," "are suspended." English Version perhaps understood, waters of whose existence man was previously unconscious, and near which he never trod; and yet man's energy is such, that by pumps, &c., he soon causes them to "dry up and go away" [So HERDER]. 3. "Far away from men, they move with uncertain step"; they stagger; not "they are gone" [UMBREIT].
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5. 它肥沃的表面出产粮食；然而“地下却好像被火翻起来一样”。故普林尼（PLINY）[《自然史》（Natural History），33]论到人的忘恩：人以挖掘地的脏腑来偿还地对他的粮食之恩。“火”在采矿中被使用[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]。英文译本（English Version）更简单，意指发光如火的宝石；如此伯28:6自然接续（结28:14）。
Original em inglês
5. Its fertile surface yields food; and yet "beneath it is turned up as it were with fire." So PLINY [Natural History, 33] observes on the ingratitude of man who repays the debt he owes the earth for food, by digging out its bowels. "Fire" was used in mining [UMBREIT]. English Version is simpler, which means precious stones which glow like fire; and so
Job 28:6
follows naturally
(Eze 28:14).
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6. 蓝宝石（sapphires）见于岩石附近的冲积土中，并嵌于片麻岩中。古人分两种：1. 真正的蓝宝石，透明的蓝色；2. 名不副实的蓝宝石，不透明，带金斑，即青金石（lapis lazuli）。后者看起来像金粉，翁布雷特（UMBREIT）将“金尘”归于后者。英文译本（English Version）更佳：“地的石头就是……云云，地的土块（武加大译本）就是金”；如此平行句更整齐。
Original em inglês
6. Sapphires are found in alluvial soil near rocks and embedded in gneiss. The ancients distinguished two kinds: 1. The real, of transparent blue: 2. That improperly so called, opaque, with gold spots; that is, lapis lazuli. To the latter, looking like gold dust, UMBREIT refers "dust of gold." English Version better, "The stones of the earth are, &c., and the clods of it (Vulgate) are gold"; the parallel clauses are thus neater.
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7. 飞鸟（fowl）——更当译作“猛禽”或“鹰”，是眼目最锐利的鸟（赛46:11）。秃鹰能在极远处发现尸首。矿工所穿入地中的路径，连目力最锐利的飞鸟也看不见。
Original em inglês
7. fowl--rather, "ravenous bird," or "eagle," which is the most sharp-sighted of birds
(Isa 46:11).
A vulture will spy a carcass at an amazing distance. The miner penetrates the earth by a way unseen by birds of keenest sight.
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8. 小狮子（lion's whelps）——原文作“骄傲之子”，即最凶猛的野兽。
经过（passed）——希伯来文暗示狮子的骄傲步伐。矿工所冒险之处，连猛狮追猎也不敢前往。
Original em inglês
8. lion's whelps--literally, "the sons of pride," that is, the fiercest beasts.
passed--The Hebrew implies the proud gait of the lion. The miner ventures where not even the fierce lion dares to go in pursuit of his prey.
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9. 磐石（rock）——即火石。他伸手劈开最硬的磐石。
连根（by the roots）——从根基处，借挖掘之法。
Original em inglês
9. rock--flint. He puts forth his hand to cleave the hardest rock.
by the roots--from their foundations, by undermining them.
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10. 他凿出沟渠排去阻碍采矿的水；水既退去，他便能在地里看见宝贵之物。
Original em inglês
10. He cuts channels to drain off the waters, which hinder his mining; and when the waters are gone, he he is able to see the precious things in the earth.
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11. 洪水（floods）——“他阻止众溪**哭泣”；诗意地指妨碍他的滴流的地下小溪；对应伯28:10的第一句；同样，两节各自的末后两句也彼此对应。
Original em inglês
11. floods--"He restrains the streams from weeping"; a poetical expression for the trickling subterranean rills, which impede him; answering to the first clause of
Job 28:10;
so also the two latter clauses in each verse correspond.
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12. 人能像发掘地上隐藏的宝藏那样,发现统管世界的属天智慧吗?断乎不能。属天智慧被拟人化为一位与神有别
(Job 28:23;
亦见
Pr 8:23, 27)
的位格者
(Job 28:12-27)。
我们如今知道,全能的道——耶稣基督——就是那智慧。世界的秩序由智慧的呼出(灵)所发源、所维系,深不可测,非人所能购得。在
Job 28:28
中,陈述了它唯一与人相关、且可为人所明了的那一面。
understanding——对神圣治理计划的洞见。
Original em inglês
12. Can man discover the Divine Wisdom by which the world is governed, as he can the treasures hidden in the earth? Certainly not. Divine Wisdom is conceived as a person
(Job 28:12-27)
distinct from God
(Job 28:23;
also in
Pr 8:23, 27).
The Almighty Word, Jesus Christ, we know now, is that Wisdom. The order of the world was originated and is maintained by the breathing forth (Spirit) of Wisdom, unfathomable and unpurchasable by man. In
Job 28:28,
the only aspect of it, which relates to, and may be understood by, man, is stated.
understanding--insight into the plan of the divine government.
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13. 人无法为其定价,因它在人居住之处无处可寻
(Isa 38:11)。
约伯同时指出其价值的宝贵,以及无论以何价购买皆属不可能。
Original em inglês
13. Man can fix no price upon it, as it is nowhere to be found in man's abode
(Isa 38:11).
Job implies both its valuable worth, and the impossibility of buying it at any price.
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15. 此处非“金子”的常用字;出自希伯来文词根“小心关锁”,即最纯之金\n (1Ki 6:20,
旁注)。
weighed——贵金属在铸币未行之前乃称重而出\n (Ge 23:16)。
Original em inglês
15. Not the usual word for "gold"; from a Hebrew root, "to shut up" with care; that is, purest gold
(1Ki 6:20,
Margin).
weighed--The precious metals were weighed out before coining was known
(Ge 23:16).
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16. gold of Ophir——最贵重之金(见
Job 22:24
及
Ps 45:9)。
onyx——见
(Ge 2:12)。
古时比今日更受珍视。此词为希腊文,意为“拇指甲”,因颜色有某些相似。阿拉伯语意为二色相杂,白色居多。
Original em inglês
16. gold of Ophir--the most precious (See on
Job 22:24
and
Ps 45:9).
onyx--
(Ge 2:12).
More valued formerly than now. The term is Greek, meaning "thumb nail," from some resemblance in color. The Arabic denotes, of two colors, white preponderating.
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17. crystal——或作玻璃,若当时已有,极为昂贵。源出词根“透明”。
jewels——更宜作“器皿”。
Original em inglês
17. crystal--Or else glass, if then known, very costly. From a root, "to be transparent."
jewels--rather, "vessels."
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18. 红珊瑚\n (Eze 27:16)。
pearls——字面作“冻结之物”。大概指水晶;那么\n Job 28:17
便是玻璃。
rubies——UMBREIT 译作“珍珠”(见\n La 4:1; Pr 3:15)。
乌陵与土明——借大祭司胸牌上十二块石头求问神之法——“圣所的石头”\n (La 4:1)——在本章中有其对应;这些宝石象征属天智慧的“光”与“全备”。
Original em inglês
18. Red coral
(Eze 27:16).
pearls--literally, "what is frozen." Probably crystal; and
Job 28:17
will then be glass.
rubies--UMBREIT translates "pearls" (see
La 4:1; Pr 3:15).
The Urim and Thummim, the means of consulting God by the twelve stones on the high priest's breastplate, "the stones of the sanctuary"
(La 4:1),
have their counterpart in this chapter; the precious stones symbolizing the "light" and "perfection" of the divine wisdom.
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19. Ethiopia——希伯来文作古实。或作埃塞俄比亚,或作底格里斯河附近的南阿拉伯。
Original em inglês
19. Ethiopia--Cush in the Hebrew. Either Ethiopia, or the south of Arabia, near the Tigris.
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20.
Job 28:12
有力地重申。
Original em inglês
20.
Job 28:12
repeated with great force.
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21. 无人能说出它的何处或何在,虽看见它等等。
fowls——外邦人将占卜之恩特归给鸟类。它们迅速飞向天空与敏锐的视力,是这迷信的由来。约伯可能暗指此。连鸟所自夸的占卜也不能洞悉它\n (Ec 10:20)。
但也可能仅指,如\n Job 28:7,它逃脱了目光最锐利之鸟的眼。
Original em inglês
21. None can tell whence or where, seeing it, &c.
fowls--The gift of divination was assigned by the heathen especially to birds. Their rapid flight heavenwards and keen sight originated the superstition. Job may allude to it. Not even the boasted divination of birds has an insight into it
(Ec 10:20).
But it may merely mean, as in
Job 28:7,
It escapes the eye of the most keen-sighted bird.
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22. 即毁灭与死者之居所。“死亡”代指示阿勒\n (Job 30:23; 26:6; Ps 9:13)。
We have[只是]听见——关于她的传闻。我们并未见过她。在活人之地\n (Job 28:13)
可见智慧的作用,虽不见其本身。在死者之境,只能听见她,她在大自然上的作为并不显明\n (Ec 9:10)。
Original em inglês
22. That is, the abodes of destruction and of the dead. "Death" put for Sheol
(Job 30:23; 26:6; Ps 9:13).
We have [only] heard--the report of her. We have not seen her. In the land of the living
(Job 28:13)
the workings of Wisdom are seen, though not herself. In the regions of the dead she is only heard of, her actings on nature not being seen
(Ec 9:10).
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23. 神拥有智慧,他自己也就是智慧。
Original em inglês
23. God hath, and is Himself, wisdom.
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24. “看见(一切)在”等等。
Original em inglês
24. "Seeth (all that is) under," &c.
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25. 神已调配了风的重量——它看似无重——免得过重或过轻造成伤害。他以智慧为谋士,量出诸水,划定其界限\n (Pr 8:27-31; Isa 40:12)。
Original em inglês
25. God has adjusted the weight of the winds, so seemingly imponderable, lest, if too weighty, or too light, injury should be caused. He measureth out the waters, fixing their bounds, with wisdom as His counsellor
(Pr 8:27-31; Isa 40:12).
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26. 规定雨在何时何地、以何量降下的命令。
a way——透过裂开的云\n (Job 38:25; Zec 10:1)。
Original em inglês
26. The decree regulating at what time and place, and in what quantity, the rain should fall.
a way--through the parted clouds
(Job 38:25; Zec 10:1).
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27. declare——在他的作为中彰显她\n (Ps 19:1, 2)。
照样,创造主对其作为的认可\n (Ge 1:10, 31);
比较智慧在同一事上的“欢乐”\n (Pr 8:30;
UMBREIT 译作:“我在他身旁为巧匠”)。
prepared——不是创造,因智慧从永远就有\n (Pr 8:22-31);
而是“设立”她为世界的治理者。
searched . . . out——考察她的作为,看她是否足以胜任治理世界之工[MAURER]。
Original em inglês
27. declare--manifest her, namely, in His works
(Ps 19:1, 2).
So the approval bestowed by the Creator on His works
(Ge 1:10, 31);
compare the "rejoicing" of wisdom at the same
(Pr 8:30;
which UMBREIT translates; "I was the skilful artificer by His side").
prepared--not created, for wisdom is from everlasting
(Pr 8:22-31);
but "established" her as Governor of the world.
searched . . . out--examined her works to see whether she was adequate to the task of governing the world [MAURER].
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28. 更宜作:“然而对于人”,云云。我的智慧,是借以掌管万有的智慧;你的智慧,则在于敬畏神、远离恶事,并要确信我的智慧总行得正,纵然你不明白其中治理的法则;例如使敬虔之人受苦一事
(Joh 7:17)。
因此,朋友们既不明白神的智慧,就不当从约伯受苦推断他有罪。约伯记全书惟独此处出现神的名号Adonai(主);即“主”或“主人”,旧约中常用于弥赛亚。在此尤为贴切,因论及那借以创造世界的道或智慧
(Pr 8:22-31; Joh 1:3;
Ecclesiasticus 24:1-34)。
Original em inglês
28. Rather, "But unto man," &c. My wisdom is that whereby all things are governed; Thy wisdom is in fearing God and shunning evil, and in feeling assured that My wisdom always acts aright, though thou dost not understand the principle which regulates it; for example, in afflicting the godly
(Joh 7:17).
The friends, therefore, as not comprehending the Divine Wisdom, should not infer Job's guilt from his sufferings. Here alone in Job the name of God, Adonai, occurs; "Lord" or "master," often applied to Messiah in Old Testament. Appropriately here, in speaking of the Word or Wisdom, by whom the world was made
(Pr 8:22-31; Joh 1:3;
Ecclesiasticus 24:1-34).
伯28:1-28。
约伯的发言（续）
在第二十七章中，约伯默认了朋友们的一句常话属实，即神在此世惩罚恶人以彰显祂的公义；但敬虔人受苦一事仍然未得解释。人凭技艺已将贵重金属从隐藏之处开采出来；但治理人间万事的神圣智慧，他却不能同样地发掘出来（伯28:12等）。然而，取自同类金属的意象（伯23:10）暗示约伯对破解自己人生的谜题已有所进展，即：苦难之于他，正如炼火之于金。
1. 矿（vein）——指矿坑，金属“从其中出来”，希伯来文作“被挖出”。
金子之处（place for gold）——指可寻得金子之处，即人所精炼的金。并非如英文译本（English Version）所作：“一处——在那里……”（玛3:3）。这与在河床、河沙中寻得、无需精炼的金相对，因为从矿中挖出的金需要精炼。在约瑟时代的埃及，已发现有金的饰物。