Comentário do capítulo
Leviticus Capítulo 27
1
Le 27:1-18.
简体中文
Original em inglês
Le 27:1-18.
CONCERNING VOWS.
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2-8. 人还特许的愿等——无论何时何地，人都有奉献许愿之物的习惯，或是出于对所受思惠的感恩，或是为求脱离所畏惧的灾祸而许愿。摩西受神圣之权授命，为这自愿的本分制定条件。
人要归给耶和华等——译作如下更为准确："按你的估价，人要归给耶和华。"人可以将自己或儿女分别为圣，在圣所中从事某些辅助性或服侍性的工作（1Sa 3:1）。若有任何变改，这些被奉献的人有权为自己赎身；本章规定了赎价的数额，祭司可酌情按情形需要而减低。年岁在二十至六十之间的壮年人，因能服务最多，估价最高；五岁至二十岁的年轻人估价较低，因其服务能力不及；婴儿虽可由父母在出生之前就奉献（1Sa 1:11），却不能被献上或赎身，直到出生一个月之后；老年人的估价低于年轻人，但高于孩童；至于穷人——为防止人轻率许愿，任何情形下都不豁免其付款——则按其能力估价。
Original em inglês
2-8. When a man shall make a singular vow, &c.--Persons have, at all times and in all places, been accustomed to present votive offerings, either from gratitude for benefits received, or in the event of deliverance from apprehended evil. And Moses was empowered, by divine authority, to prescribe the conditions of this voluntary duty.
the persons shall be for the Lord, &c.--better rendered thus:--"According to thy estimation, the persons shall be for the Lord." Persons might consecrate themselves or their children to the divine service, in some inferior or servile kind of work about the sanctuary
(1Sa 3:1).
In the event of any change, the persons so devoted had the privilege in their power of redeeming themselves; and this chapter specifies the amount of the redemption money, which the priest had the discretionary power of reducing, as circumstances might seem to require. Those of mature age, between twenty and sixty, being capable of the greatest service, were rated highest; young people, from five till twenty, less, because not so serviceable; infants, though devotable by their parents before birth
(1Sa 1:11),
could not be offered nor redeemed till a month after birth; old people were valued below the young, but above children; and the poor--in no case freed from payment, in order to prevent the rash formation of vows--were rated according to their means.
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9-13. 所许的若是牲畜，就是人献给耶和华的供物——即洁净的牲畜。一旦许愿献上，既不可用于日常用途，也不可以等价物更换——必须献为祭——或若因发现某种缺陷而不适合献在坛上，可以变卖，所得之款用于圣事。若所许的是不洁的牲畜——例如驴或骆驼——则按估价归祭司使用，或由许愿者支付该估价并加罚五分之一来赎回。
Original em inglês
9-13. if it be a beast, whereof men bring an offering unto the Lord--a clean beast. After it had been vowed, it could neither be employed in common purposes nor exchanged for an equivalent--it must be sacrificed--or if, through some discovered blemish, it was unsuitable for the altar, it might be sold, and the money applied for the sacred service. If an unclean beast--such as an ass or camel, for instance, had been vowed, it was to be appropriated to the use of the priest at the estimated value, or it might be redeemed by the person vowing on payment of that value, and the additional fine of a fifth more.
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14, 15. 人将房屋分别为圣，归给耶和华为圣等——在这种情形下，房屋经祭司估价变卖之后，所得的价款要献给圣所。但主人若经重新考虑想要赎回，可以加价五分之一赎回。
Original em inglês
14, 15. when a man shall sanctify his house to be holy unto the Lord, &c.--In this case, the house having been valued by the priest and sold, the proceeds of the sale were to be dedicated to the sanctuary. But if the owner wished, on second thought, to redeem it, he might have it by adding a fifth part to the price.
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16-24. 人若将承受为业的一部分地分别为圣归给耶和华等——在所购置的土地的情形中，若不赎回，便在禧年归还原主；而祖传产业中被许愿献的部分，不归还原主，而是永久归附于圣所。这一显著差异的原因，是要使每个人都有义务赎回产业，或激发他最近的亲属去赎，以防止任何以色列家族的祖传产业外流。
Original em inglês
16-24. if a man shall sanctify unto the Lord some aprt of a field of his possession, &c.--In the case of acquired property in land, if not redeemed, it returned to the donor at the Jubilee; whereas the part of a hereditary estate, which had been vowed, did not revert to the owner, but remained attached in perpetuity to the sanctuary. The reason for this remarkable difference was to lay every man under an obligation to redeem the property, or stimulate his nearest kinsman to do it, in order to prevent a patrimonial inheritance going out from any family in Israel.
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26-27. 惟独牲畜中头生的——至于洁净的牲畜，既凭普世而常设的律法（Ex 13:12; 34:19）已归神为圣，就不可再作特别的许愿奉献；至于不洁净的牲畜，则须按（Le 27:11-12）所提的条例处理。
Original em inglês
26, 27. Only the firstling of the beasts--These, in the case of clean beasts, being consecrated to God by a universal and standing law
(Ex 13:12; 34:19),
could not be devoted; and in that of unclean beasts, were subject to the rule mentioned
(Le 27:11, 12).
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28-29. 凡人所当许的物，无论是人、是牲畜、是他承受为业的地……都不可卖，也不可赎——这涉及最庄严的许愿——许愿者伴随其愿，以庄重的咒诅起誓自责，若不完成所宣告的誓愿便愿受罚。
Original em inglês
28, 29. no devoted thing, that a man shall devote unto the Lord of all that he hath, . . . shall be sold or redeemed--This relates to vows of the most solemn kind--the devotee accompanying his vow with a solemn imprecation on himself not to fail in accomplishing his declared purpose.
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29. 必被治死——这一宣告并非说那人要被献为祭，或注定要死于暴亡；只是说他当在奉献的状态中不变地持守到死。前面的各项条例显然是为要防止冒失许愿（Ec 5:4），并鼓励人在一切关乎神与灵魂的事上认真而深思地思考（Lu 21:4）。
Original em inglês
29. shall surely be put to death--This announcement imported not that the person was to be sacrificed or doomed to a violent death; but only that he should remain till death unalterably in the devoted condition. The preceding regulations were evidently designed to prevent rashness in vowing
(Ec 5:4)
and to encourage serious and considerate reflection in all matters between God and the soul
(Lu 21:4).
30
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30-33. 地上所有的，无论是地上的种子——这律法以神圣的权威认可了一个古老的惯例（Ge 14:20; 28:22）。地上一切的出产都须缴纳十分之一——这是以色列人作为佃户向地的所有者神缴纳的年租，也是他们为神护理的丰盛所献的感恩祭。（参 Pr 3:9; 1Co 9:11; Ga 6:6。）
Original em inglês
30-33. all the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land--This law gave the sanction of divine authority to an ancient usage
(Ge 14:20; 28:22).
The whole produce of the land was subjected to the tithe tribute--it was a yearly rent which the Israelites, as tenants, paid to God, the owner of the land, and a thank offering they rendered to Him for the bounties of His providence. (See
Pr 3:9; 1Co 9:11; Ga 6:6).
32
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32. 凡从杖下经过的，等等——这里指的是收取牲畜十分之一的方式：牲畜被一只一只地赶过一道狭窄的出口，有人站在那里，手拿着蘸了赭土的杖，一边数点，一边在每第十只牲畜的背上作记号，无论公母、无论健壮与否。
Original em inglês
32. whatsoever passeth under the rod, &c.--This alludes to the mode of taking the tithe of cattle, which were made to pass singly through a narrow gateway, where a person with a rod, dipped in ochre, stood, and counting them, marked the back of every tenth beast, whether male or female, sound or unsound.
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34. 这些是耶和华……所吩咐的诫命，等等——本书中所载的律法，大部分是礼仪性的，却有着重要的属灵意义，研究它们大有教益（Ro 10:4; Heb 4:2; 12:18）。它们是沉重的轭（Ac 15:10），但在教会幼年的时期，却构成了“训蒙的师傅引我们到基督面前”所必需的训练 [Ga 3:24]。
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罗伯特·贾米森、A. R. 福赛特、大卫·布朗
《圣经全书批判与解释注释》（1871）
增补、勘误与意见请寄编辑。
Original em inglês
34. These are the commandments, &c.--The laws contained in this book, for the most part ceremonial, had an important spiritual bearing, the study of which is highly instructive
(Ro 10:4; Heb 4:2; 12:18).
They imposed a burdensome yoke
(Ac 15:10),
but yet in the infantine age of the Church formed the necessary discipline of "a schoolmaster to Christ"
[Ga 3:24].
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
Le 27:1-18。
论许愿之例。