Comentário do capítulo
Numbers Capítulo 30
1
Nu 30:1-16.
Original em inglês
Nu 30:1-16.
VOWS ARE NOT TO BE BROKEN.
1. This is the thing which the Lord hath commanded--The subject of this chapter relates to vowing, which seems to have been an ancient usage, allowed by the law to remain, and by which some people declared their intention of offering some gift on the altar or abstaining from particular articles of meat or drink, of observing a private fast, or doing something to the honor or in the service of God, over and above what was authoritatively required. In
Nu 29:39,
mention was made of "vows and freewill offerings," and it is probable, from the explanatory nature of the rules laid down in this chapter, that these were given for the removal of doubts and difficulties which conscientious persons had felt about their obligation to perform their vows in certain circumstances that had arisen.
2
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2. もし人が主に誓願を立てるなら――心の単なる秘密の意図は誓願を構成するのに十分ではなく、実際に言葉で表現されなければならなかった。そして純粋に自発的な行為であったが、ひとたび誓願がなされると、その履行は他のすべての約束と同様に不可欠の義務となった。聖なる事物に関わるだけに、それを疎かにすることは言い抜けと神に対する不忠実さの罪なしにはできなかった。
自分の言葉を破ってはならない――文字通りには「自分の言葉を汚してはならない」、すなわちそれを空虚で軽蔑すべきものとしてはならない
(Ps 55:20; 89:34)。
しかし、本人にとって本質的に良くもないし、行う力もないことを誓願する者がしばしば現れるため、律法はそのような誓願の妥当性について判断する権利を自然の上位者に与え、その履行を許可または禁止する裁量的権限を与えた。両親は子どもの場合に決定し、夫は妻の場合に決定した。ただし問題が知られた後、熟考のために一日だけが許され、その判断が不利な場合、誓願者はすべての義務から解放された
[Nu 30:3-8]。
Original em inglês
2. If a man vow a vow unto the Lord--A mere secret purpose of the mind was not enough to constitute a vow; it had to be actually expressed in words; and though a purely voluntary act, yet when once the vow was made, the performance of it, like that of every other promise, became an indispensable duty--all the more because, referring to a sacred thing, it could not be neglected without the guilt of prevarication and unfaithfulness to God.
he shall not break his word--literally, "profane his word"--render it vain and contemptible
(Ps 55:20; 89:34).
But as it would frequently happen that parties would vow to do things which were neither good in themselves nor in their power to perform, the law ordained that their natural superiors should have the right of judging as to the propriety of those vows, with discretionary power to sanction or interdict their fulfilment. Parents were to determine in the case of their children, and husbands in that of their wives--being, however, allowed only a day for deliberation after the matter became known to them; and their judgment, if unfavorable, released the devotee from all obligation
[Nu 30:3-8].
3
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3. また、もし女が主に誓願を立て、若くして父の家にいる間に束縛を受けるなら――娘だけが指定されているが、ユダヤの著述家によれば、親の家に住む他の性の未成年者も含まれ、彼らは「父」という名を若者のすべての後見人を包含すると見なす。また、若者が誓願をする能力があるとみなされる年齢は、男子は十三歳、女子は十二歳であると教える。父または後見人がその管理下にある者の誓願に対する判断は、明示的な承認、あるいは承認と解釈される黙認のいずれかによって与えられる。しかし、日々の黙認の後、最終的に妻の誓願に反対または妨げる夫の場合、不履行の罪は彼女ではなく彼に帰せられた
[Nu 30:15]。
Original em inglês
3. If a woman also vow a vow unto the Lord, and bind herself by a bond, being in her father's house in her youth--Girls only are specified; but minors of the other sex, who resided under the parental roof, were included, according to Jewish writers, who also consider the name "father" as comprehending all guardians of youth. We are also told that the age at which young people were deemed capable of vowing was thirteen for boys and twelve for girls. The judgment of a father or guardian on the vow of any under his charge might be given either by an expressed approval or by silence, which was to be construed as approval. But in the case of a husband who, after silence from day to day, should ultimately disapprove or hinder his wife's vow, the sin of non-performance was to be imputed to him and not to her
[Nu 30:15].
9
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9. やもめのすべての誓い—既婚の女性の場合、夫と別れたり、夫が死んだりして、珍しいことではないが父の家に帰った場合、彼女が以前と同様に父の管轄に服し、父の同意を得て行動しなければならないのではないかという疑いが持たれたかもしれない。律法は、その誓いが夫の生存中に立てられ、夫がそれを知らされたときに拒否権を行使しなかった場合、誓いは拘束力を持つと定めた
[民数記30:10-11]。
例えば、やもめでない時に、自分の収入の一部を敬虔で慈善的な用途に充てると誓ったかもしれないが、実際にやもめになった時にはそれを後悔するかもしれない。しかしこの法規により、彼女の状況が誓いを果たすことを可能にする場合、彼女は義務を満たすことを求められた。定められた規則は、軽はずみな誓いを防ぎ、または取り消すため、また、性質上正当であり、信心に満ちた反省的な霊において立てられた誓いに適切な裁可を与えるために、極めて有用であったに違いない。
Original em inglês
9. every vow of a widow--In the case of a married woman, who, in the event of a separation from her husband, or of his death, returned, as was not uncommon, to her father's house, a doubt might have been entertained whether she was not, as before, subject to paternal jurisdiction and obliged to act with the paternal consent. The law ordained that the vow was binding if it had been made in her husband's lifetime, and he, on being made aware of it, had not interposed his veto
[Nu 30:10, 11];
as, for instance, she might have vowed, when not a widow, that she would assign a portion of her income to pious and charitable uses, of which she might repent when actually a widow; but by this statute she was required to fulfil the obligation, provided her circumstances enabled her to redeem the pledge. The rules laid down must have been exceedingly useful for the prevention or cancelling of rash vows, as well as for giving a proper sanction to such as were legitimate in their nature, and made in a devout, reflecting spirit.
Nu 30:1-16.
誓いは破ってはならない
1. これが主が命じられたことである――この章の主題は誓願に関し、それは古代からの慣行であったと見られ、律法によって存続が許され、ある人々が権威によって要求されている以上に、祭壇に何らかの贈り物をささげること、特定の食物や飲み物を控えること、個人的な断食を行うこと、あるいは神の誉れのため、あるいは神への奉仕として何かを行うことの意向を宣言するものであった。 Nu 29:39
では「誓願と自発的なささげ物」について言及されており、この章で定められた規則の説明的性質から判断すると、これらは生じたいくつかの状況のもとで誓願を果たす義務について、良心ある人々が抱いていた疑いや困難を取り除くために与えられたものであろう。