Comentário do capítulo
1 Chronicles Capítulo 8
서론
Sem título
繁體中文
Original em inglês
We had some account given us of Benjamin in the foregoing chapter; here we have a larger catalogue of the great men of that tribe. 1. Because of that tribe Saul came, the first king of Israel, to the story of whom the sacred writer is hastening, 1Ch 10:1. 2. Because that tribe clave to Judah, inhabited much of Jerusalem, was one of the two tribes that went into captivity, and returned back; and that story also he has an eye to, 1Ch 9:1. Here is, I. Some of the heads of that tribe named, 1Ch 8:1-32. II. A more particular account of the family of Saul, 1Ch 8:30-40.
1-32
Genealogies (1660 BC)
繁體中文
家譜（主前1660年）
¹ 便雅憫的長子是比拉、次子亞實別、三子亞哈拉、 ² 四子挪哈、五子拉法。 ³ 比拉的兒子是亞大、基拉、亞比忽、 ⁴ 亞比書、拿瑪、亞何亞、 ⁵ 基拉、示孚汛、戶蘭。 ⁶ 這是以忽的兒子；這些都是迦巴居民的族長，被遷到瑪拿哈。 ⁷ 拿瑪、亞希亞、基拉；他遷了他們。這人也生烏撒、亞忽。 ⁸ 沙哈連休了兩個妻子戶伸和巴拉之後，在摩押地生了兒子。 ⁹ 他與妻子賀得生了約巴、洗比雅、米沙、瑪鹿、 ¹⁰ 耶烏斯、沙迦、米瑪。這些都是他們的兒子，作族長。 ¹¹ 戶伸生了亞比督、以利巴力。 ¹² 以利巴力的兒子是希伯、米珊、沙麥—他建造了阿挪和羅德，並屬城的村莊。 ¹³ 又有比利雅、示瑪；他們是亞雅崙居民的族長，曾趕出迦特的居民。 ¹⁴ 又有亞希約、沙煞、耶利摩、 ¹⁵ 西巴第雅、亞拉得、亞得、 ¹⁶ 米迦勒、伊施巴、約哈，都是比利雅的兒子； ¹⁷ 西巴第雅、米書蘭、希西基、希伯、 ¹⁸ 伊施米萊、伊斯拉、約巴，都是以利巴力的兒子； ¹⁹ 雅金、細基、薩底、 ²⁰ 以利乃、洗勒太、以列、 ²¹ 亞大雅、比拉雅、伸拉，都是示米的兒子； ²² 伊施班、希伯、以列、 ²³ 亞伯頓、細基、哈難、 ²⁴ 哈拿尼雅、以攔、安多提雅、 ²⁵ 伊弗底雅、毗努伊勒，都是沙煞的兒子； ²⁶ 珊示萊、示哈利雅、亞他利雅、 ²⁷ 雅利西雅、以利亞、細基，都是耶羅罕的兒子。 ²⁸ 這些人都是著名的族長，按著家譜作首領，都住在耶路撒冷。 ²⁹ 在基遍住著基遍的父親；他的妻子名叫瑪迦。 ³⁰ 他的長子是亞伯頓，其次是蘇、基士、巴力、拿答、 ³¹ 基多、亞希約、撒迦。 ³² 米基羅生示米暗。這些人也與他們的弟兄一同住在耶路撒冷，對著他們居住。
這一切經文中幾乎沒有甚麼歷史記載，所以我們也沒有多少可觀察的。1. 至於本章及前幾章家譜中所出現的難題，我們不必為之困擾。我想以斯拉是照著「以色列和猶大諸王記」（代上九1）中所載的記錄下來的，按著各支派所呈報的方式，各支派都採用自己認為合適的體例。所以有的向上追溯，有的向下記述；有的附有數字，有的附有地名；有的夾有歷史註解，有的則沒有；有的較短，有的較長；有的與別的記錄相符，有的則有差異；大概有的殘破、被塗抹、被弄污，有的則更清楚易讀。但和流便的家譜已全然喪失。這位聖人是被聖靈感動而寫的；但並無必要藉著默示來補足這些家譜的缺欠，更不必修訂其中的錯誤。他只要照著手頭所得的抄錄出來，或照著當前目的所需的那麼多抄錄出來，便已足夠—當前的目的乃是指引被擄歸回之人盡可能與自己家族的人一同居住，並住在他們從前所住之地。我們可以設想，這些家譜中許多在我們看來繁複、突兀、混亂之處，對當時的人（他們知道如何填補缺漏）而言卻是清楚易懂的，並且充充滿滿地達成了公布它們的目的。2. 當時地上有許多強大的國家和其中許多顯赫的人物，他們的名字被埋在永遠的遺忘之中；而以色列這位神之選民的許多名字，卻在此被小心保存，永遠記念。他們是「耶書崙」—義人—「義人的記念是蒙福的」。我們有理由恐怕他們其中有許多人並未得著永遠的尊榮（因為連猶大的惡王也被列在家譜之中），然而他們的名字在此被永遠保留，正是神屬靈以色列眾人的名字被記在羔羊生命冊上的一個預表。3. 便雅憫這個支派在士師時代曾因基比亞的罪惡一度落到極低的地步，當時只有六百人逃脫了刀劍的報應；然而在這些家譜中，它卻幾乎與任何支派一樣顯赫：因為扶助軟弱的、興起最衰微謙卑的人，正是神的榮耀。4. 此處提到一個以忽（代上八6），前一節提到一個基拉（代上八5），而（代上八8）又提到他的一個後裔，說他「在摩押地生了兒女」，這使我想，這大概就是作以色列第二位士師的那位以忽；因為經上說他是「基拉的兒子」，是便雅憫人（士三15），他曾殺了摩押王而把以色列人從摩押人的欺壓之下拯救出來；這也許使他在摩押地有更大的影響力—這是我們在他的歷史中找不到證據的—也許致使他的某些後裔在那裏定居。5. 此處提到某些便雅憫人「趕出了迦特的居民」（代上八13），也許是那些曾殺了以法蓮人（代上七21）或其後裔的人，作為報復；而在那麼行這件公義之事的人中，有一位也叫「比利雅」—正是那個保留了那次傷害之記念的名字。6. 經上特別記下那些「住在耶路撒冷」的人（代上八28，又代上八32），為要使那些祖宗曾在那裏居住的人，在被擄歸回之時因此受激勵，也願在那裏定居—而據我們所知，肯這樣作的人並不多，因為那是危險之地：所以我們讀到（尼十一2），「凡甘心樂意住在耶路撒冷的，百姓都為他們祝福」—大多數人寧可揀選猶大的城邑。那些敬虔的父母曾在新耶路撒冷度日的人，當因此受激勵，面向那裏而行，無論代價如何，都要走那通向那裏的路。
Original em inglês
Genealogies (1660 BC)
¹ Now Benjamin begat Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second, and Aharah the third,
² Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth.
³ And the sons of Bela were, Addar, and Gera, and Abihud,
⁴ And Abishua, and Naaman, and Ahoah,
⁵ And Gera, and Shephuphan, and Huram.
⁶ And these are the sons of Ehud: these are the heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Geba, and they removed them to Manahath:
⁷ And Naaman, and Ahiah, and Gera, he removed them, and begat Uzza, and Ahihud.
⁸ And Shaharaim begat children in the country of Moab, after he had sent them away; Hushim and Baara were his wives.
⁹ And he begat of Hodesh his wife, Jobab, and Zibia, and Mesha, and Malcham,
¹⁰ And Jeuz, and Shachia, and Mirma. These were his sons, heads of the fathers.
¹¹ And of Hushim he begat Abitub, and Elpaal.
¹² The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof:
¹³ Beriah also, and Shema, who were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove away the inhabitants of Gath:
¹⁴ And Ahio, Shashak, and Jeremoth,
¹⁵ And Zebadiah, and Arad, and Ader,
¹⁶ And Michael, and Ispah, and Joha, the sons of Beriah;
¹⁷ And Zebadiah, and Meshullam, and Hezeki, and Heber,
¹⁸ Ishmerai also, and Jezliah, and Jobab, the sons of Elpaal;
¹⁹ And Jakim, and Zichri, and Zabdi,
²⁰ And Elienai, and Zilthai, and Eliel,
²¹ And Adaiah, and Beraiah, and Shimrath, the sons of Shimhi;
²² And Ishpan, and Heber, and Eliel,
²³ And Abdon, and Zichri, and Hanan,
²⁴ And Hananiah, and Elam, and Antothijah,
²⁵ And Iphedeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak;
²⁶ And Shamsherai, and Shehariah, and Athaliah,
²⁷ And Jaresiah, and Eliah, and Zichri, the sons of Jeroham.
²⁸ These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men. These dwelt in Jerusalem.
²⁹ And at Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon; whose wife's name was Maachah:
³⁰ And his firstborn son Abdon, and Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Nadab,
³¹ And Gedor, and Ahio, and Zacher.
³² And Mikloth begat Shimeah. And these also dwelt with their brethren in Jerusalem, over against them.
There is little or nothing of history in all these verses; we have not therefore much to observe. 1. As to the difficulties that occur in this and the foregoing genealogies we need not perplex ourselves. I presume Ezra took them as he found them in the books of the kings of Israel and Judah (1Ch 9:1), according as they were given in by the several tribes, each observing what method they thought fit. Hence some ascend, others desecnd; some have numbers affixed, others places; some have historical remarks intermixed, others have not; some are shorter, others longer; some agree with other records, others differ; some, it is likely, were torn, erased, and blotted, others more legible. Those of Dan and Reuben were entirely lost. This holy man wrote as he was moved by the Holy Ghost; but there was no necessity for the making up of the defects, no, nor for the rectifying of the mistakes, of these genealogies by inspiration. It was sufficient that he copied them out as they came into his hand, or so much of them as was requisite to the present purpose, which was the directing of the returned captives to settle as nearly as they could with those of their own family, and in the places of their former residence. We may suppose that many things in these genealogies which to us seem intricate, abrupt, and perplexed, were plain and easy to them then (who knew how to fill up the deficiencies) and abundantly answered the intention of the publishing of them. 2. Many great and mighty nations there were now in being upon earth, and many illustrious men in them, whose names are buried in perpetual oblivion, while the names of multitudes of the Israel of God are here carefully preserved in everlasting remembrance. They are Jasher, Jeshurun—just ones, and the memory of the just is blessed. Many of these we have reason to fear, came short of everlasting honour (for even the wicked kings of Judah come into the genealogy), yet the perpetuating of their names here was a figure of the writing of the names of all God's spiritual Israel in the Lamb's book of life. 3. This tribe of Benjamin was once brought to a very low ebb, in the time of the judges, upon the occasion of the iniquity of Gibeah, when only 600 men escaped the sword of justice; and yet, in these genealogies, it makes as good a figure as almost any of the tribes: for it is the honour of God to help the weakest and raise up those that are most diminished and abased. 4. Here is mention of one Ehud (1Ch 8:6), in the preceding verse of one Gera (1Ch 8:5) and (1Ch 8:8) of one that descended from him, that begat children in the country of Moab, which inclines me to think it was that Ehud who was the second of the judges of Israel; for he is said to be the son of Gera and a Benjamite (Jdg 3:15), and he delivered Israel from the oppression of the Moabites by killing the king of Moab, which might give him a greater sway in the country of Moab than we find evidence of in his history and might occasion some of his posterity to settle there. 5. Here is mention of some of the Benjamites that drove away the inhabitants of Gath (1Ch 8:13), perhaps those that had slain the Ephraimites (1Ch 7:21) or their posterity, by way of reprisal: and one of those that did this piece of justice was named Beriah too, that name in which the memorial of that injury was preserved. 6. Particular notice is taken of those that dwelt in Jerusalem (1Ch 8:28 and again 1Ch 8:32), that those whose ancestors had had their residence there might thereby be induced, at their return from captivity, to settle there too, which, for aught that appears, few were willing to do, because it was the post of danger: and therefore we find (Ne 11:2) the people blessed those that willingly offered themselves to dwell at Jerusalem, the greater part being inclined to prefer the cities of Judah. Those whose godly parents had their conversation in the new Jerusalem should thereby be engaged to set their faces thitherward and pursue the way thither, whatever it cost them.
33-40
Genealogies (700 BC)
繁體中文
家譜（主前 700 年）
³³ 尼珥生基士；基士生掃羅；掃羅生約拿單、麥基舒亞、亞比拿達、伊施巴力。 ³⁴ 約拿單的兒子是米力巴力；米力巴力生米迦。 ³⁵ 米迦的兒子是毗敦、米勒、他利亞、亞哈斯。 ³⁶ 亞哈斯生耶何阿達；耶何阿達生亞勒墨、亞斯瑪威、細米；細米生摩撒， ³⁷ 摩撒生比尼雅；拉法是他的兒子，以利亞薩是他的兒子，亞悉是他的兒子。 ³⁸ 亞悉有六個兒子，名字記在下面：亞斯利干、波基路、以實瑪利、示利雅、俄巴底、哈難。這都是亞悉的兒子。 ³⁹ 他兄弟以斯克的兒子是：長子烏蘭、次子耶烏施、三子以利法列。 ⁴⁰ 烏蘭的兒子都是大能的勇士，善於拉弓，有許多的兒子和孫子，共一百五十人。這都是便雅憫人。
值得留意的是：在各支派一切的家譜中，沒有提及以色列人離棄大衛家之後任何一位以色列王，更沒有提及他們的家族；耶羅波安的家、巴沙的家、暗利的家、耶戶的家，連一個字都沒有提到；因為他們都是拜偶像的人。但論到掃羅的家族──就是在大衛被高升之前作王室的家族──此處卻有特別的記載。1. 在掃羅之前，只記了基士和尼珥，就是他的父親和祖父（代上八33）。他的家譜在撒上九1追溯得更高，只是那裏說基士是「亞別的兒子」，此處說是「尼珥的兒子」。其實他是尼珥的兒子，卻是亞別的孫子──這可從撒上十四51看出來：那裏說「尼珥是亞別的兒子」，又說尼珥的兒子押尼珥是掃羅的叔叔（就是他父親的兄弟）；所以他的父親也是尼珥的兒子。在一切語言中，以「兒子」指孫子和其他後裔，都是常見的，何況在希伯來人這有限的語言中更是如此。2. 在掃羅之後，記了他好幾個兒子的名字，卻只記了約拿單一人的後裔，因為約拿單蒙了眾多子嗣的福，並且因他對大衛的真誠厚恩，他的後裔在神聖的家譜中得了一席之地。約拿單的家譜在此被追溯了約十代。也許大衛特別留心保存這份家譜，並且為它另留一頁，因為他與約拿單的後裔之間立了永遠的約（撒上二十15、23、42）。這份家譜以烏蘭結束；他的家族在便雅憫支派中因勇士眾多而聞名。從那一個人的後裔中，似乎在同一時期就有一百五十名善於拉弓的「大能勇士」被帶上戰場（代上八40）。經上特別記念他們的，不是他們的排場或財富，而是他們具備為國效力的資格──這才是一個人真正的稱讚。
Original em inglês
Genealogies (700 BC)
³³ And Ner begat Kish, and Kish begat Saul, and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Esh-baal.
³⁴ And the son of Jonathan was Merib-baal; and Merib-baal begat Micah.
³⁵ And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tarea, and Ahaz.
³⁶ And Ahaz begat Jehoadah; and Jehoadah begat Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza,
³⁷ And Moza begat Binea: Rapha was his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son:
³⁸ And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel.
³⁹ And the sons of Eshek his brother were, Ulam his firstborn, Jehush the second, and Eliphelet the third.
⁴⁰ And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valour, archers, and had many sons, and sons' sons, a hundred and fifty. All these are of the sons of Benjamin.
It is observable that among all the genealogies of the tribes there is no mention of any of the kings of Israel after the defection from the house of David, much less of their families; not a word of Jeroboam's house or Baasha's, of Umri's or Jehu's; for they were all idolaters. But of the family of Saul, which was the royal family before the elevation of David, we have here a particular account. 1. Before Saul, Kish and Ner only are named, his father and grandfather, 1Ch 8:33. His pedigree is carried higher 1Sa 9:1, only there Kish is said to be the son of Abiel, here of Ner. He was in truth the son of Ner but the grandson of Abiel, as appears by 1Sa 14:51, where it is said that Ner was the son of Abiel, and that Abner, who was the son of Ner, was Saul's uncle (that is, his father's brother); therefore his father was also the son of Ner. It is common in all languages to put sons for grandsons and other descendents, much more in the scanty language of the Hebrews. 2. After Saul, divers of his sons are named, but the posterity of none of them, save Jonathan only, who was blessed with numerous issue and those honoured with a place in the sacred genealogies for the sake of his sincere kindness to David. The line of Jonathan is drawn down here for about ten generations. Perhaps David was, in a particular manner, careful to preserve that, and assigned it a page by itself, because of the covenant made between his seed and Jonathan's seed forever, 1Sa 20:15,23,42. This genealogy ends in Ulam, whose family became famous in the tribe of Benjamin for the number of its valiant men. Of that one man's posterity there were, as it should seem, at one time, 150 archers brought into the field of battle, that were mighty men of valour, 1Ch 8:40. That is taken notice of concerning them which is more a man's praise than his pomp or wealth is, that they were qualified to serve their country.
在前一章中我們已經讀到關於便雅憫的一些記述；此處我們讀到該支派偉人更詳盡的名單。1. 因為以色列頭一位王掃羅正是出自這支派，而聖經作者正急於進入他的故事（代上十1）。2. 因為這支派緊貼猶大，居住了耶路撒冷的大部分地區，是被擄去的兩個支派之一，又歸回了本地；作者也留意到那段歷史（代上九1）。此處我們讀到：一、該支派一些族長的名字（代上八1–32）。二、掃羅家族較詳細的記述（代上八30–40）。