Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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- 21,603 / 22,101
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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- 144 / 7,385
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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David is tempted by Satan to number Israel and Judah, 2 Samuel 24:1. Joab remonstrates against it, but the king determines that it shall be done; and Joab and the captains accomplish the work, and bring the sum total to the king: viz.: eight hundred thousand warriors in Israel, and five hundred thousand in Judah, 2 Samuel 24:2-9. David is convinced that he has done wrong; and the prophet Gad is sent to him, to give him his choice of three judgments, one of which God is determined to inflict upon the nation, 2 Samuel 24:10-13. David humbles himself before God; and a pestilence is sent, which destroys seventy thousand men, 2 Samuel 24:14, 2 Samuel 24:15. The angel of the Lord being about to destroy Jerusalem, David makes intercession, and the plague is stayed, 2 Samuel 24:16, 2 Samuel 24:17. Gad directs him to build an altar to the Lord on the threshing-floor of Araunah, where the plague was stayed, 2 Samuel 24:18. He purchases this place for the purpose, and offers burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, 2 Samuel 24:19-25.
INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 24
In this chapter an account is given of David's numbering of the people, 2 Samuel 24:1; of the sense he had of his sin, and of his acknowledgment of it; and of the Lord's displeasure at it, who sent the prophet Gad to him, to propose three things to him, one of which he was to choose as a punishment for it, 2 Samuel 24:10; when he chose the pestilence, which carried off a great number of the people, 2 Samuel 24:14; and David was directed to build an altar to the Lord in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite, with whom he agreed for it, and built one on it, and offered upon it, and so the plague was stayed, 2 Samuel 24:18.
XXIV.
This chapter contains the account of David’s sin in numbering the people, and the punishment in consequence. The same narrative is found in 1 Chronicles 21, but with such considerable variations as to show that neither can have been taken from the other, but both must have been drawn from the original documents, which were probably very full, quite independently of each other.
No definite note of time is given. The word again in 2Samuel 24:1 clearly refers to 2 Samuel 21, and so places this after the three years’ famine for the Gibeomtes. The fact that Joab was engaged in the work nearly ten months (2Samuel 24:8) shows that it must have been a time of profound peace. The story in Chronicles is immediately followed by the account of David’s final preparations for the building of the Temple. All these considerations concur in placing it near the close of his reign.
The question of the nature of David’s sin in this act has been much discussed. The mere taking of a census in itself could not have been wrong, since it was provided for in the Law (Exodus 30:12) and had been repeatedly carried out by Moses (Numbers 1, 26). Nor is it likely that it was for the reason given by Josephus, that David neglected to secure for the sanctuary, as required, a half shekel from each one numbered (Exodus 30:13), since there is no mention of this, and David was at this very time concentrating the whole wealth of the kingdom for the future sanctuary. Yet the sinfulness of the act is distinctly set forth in the narrative (2Samuel 24:1) and in the punishment inflicted (2Samuel 24:15-16), is recognised by David himself (2Samuel 24:10; 2Samuel 24:17), and even forcibly impressed itself upon a person so little scrupulous as Joab (2Samuel 24:3). It must, then, plainly be sought in the motive of David. The whole connection shows that it was a military census, and it was made, not through the priests and Levites, but through Joab and “the captains of the host.” It would appear that prosperity and power, the natural generators of pride, had momentarily affected even David’s humble dependence upon God, and led him to wish to organise his kingdom more perfectly as a worldly power among the nations of the earth. A first step in this direction must of course be the placing of his military forces upon a systematic footing. This same desire to turn aside Israel from being a simple theocracy, to become a great earthly power, was the constant sin of the nation. It had led at the first to the request for a king, and Solomon was so thoroughly possessed with it, and so ordered all his policy in view of it, as to draw down, at his death, the judgment of the breaking up of the unity of the nation; and it is not surprising that, after all his conquests, David, in a moment of weakness, should have given way to something of the same spirit. It was thus an act most absolutely at variance with that general character which made him “a man after God’s own heart.”
Ch. 24. The numbering of the People and the Plague
=1 Chronicles 21:1-27There is no definite note of time to shew when the events here recorded took place, but several indications point to the later years of David’s reign. (a) The language of 2 Samuel 24:1, “again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel” evidently refers to the famine recorded in ch. 21. and points to a date after that occurrence. (b) It would have been impossible for the commander-in-chief to spend nearly ten months in taking the census, except at a time of permanent peace. (c) David’s preparations for building the Temple, which occupied the last years of his reign, are narrated in Chronicles as the immediate sequel of his purchase of Araunah’s threshing-floor.
The corresponding narrative in Chronicles agrees much less closely than usual with Samuel. Either its writer drew from other sources, or the compiler of Samuel has omitted much of the original account.
For a discussion of the nature of David’s sin see Additional Note v. p. 238.
2Sa 24:1-9.
大卫数点百姓。
1-4. 耶和华又向以色列人发怒，就激动大卫，使他吩咐说，你去数点以色列和犹大人——「又」字把我们带回到先前那三年饥荒中神怒气的征兆
［撒下21:1］。
神虽不能试探人
（雅1:13），
但圣经中常将祂仅仅所许可发生的事，描述为祂所行的；因此在此次事件中，祂许可撒但试探大卫。撒但是主动的推动者，而神只是撤回祂扶助的恩典，于是大试探者便胜过了这位王。（参见
出7:13； 撒上26:19； 撒下16:10； 诗105:25； 赛7:17
等。）这命令交给了约押；约押虽一般不受宗教良心的约束，却仍以强烈的措辞（参见
代上21:3的注释）
陈明此举的罪与险。他用尽一切论据劝王打消此意。圣史并未记载他和其余众臣在王议会上对此所提的反对理由，但明言他们都被王刚愎的决定所压倒。
耶和华又向以色列人发怒——这句话是全章的标题，下文接着描述点燃这怒气的罪，即数点百姓 1 Chronicles 21:7-8; 1 Chronicles 27:24。经文没有时间标记，只是“又”字表明这些事发生在 2 Samuel 21 诸事“之后”。（另比较 2 Samuel 24:25; 2 Samuel 21:14。）
他激动大卫——在 1 Chronicles 21:1，相应的说法是“有一个敌人（原文无冠词，不是钦定本所译的‘撒但’，不像 Job 1:6; Job 2:1 等处那样加有冠词）起来攻击以色列人，激动大卫”，正如 1 Kings 11:14、1 Kings 11:23、1 Kings 11:25 说哈达和利逊先后作所罗门和以色列的“仇敌”（撒但）一样。因此，我们的经文应译作：“因有一位激动大卫攻击他们。”经文没有告诉我们那是谁的主意，但确有某人——他后来证明自己是大卫和以色列利益之敌——怂恿王数点百姓。
He moved David against them - God could not be angry with David for numbering the people if he moved him to do it; but in the parallel place (1 Chronicles 21:1) it is expressly said, Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel. David, in all probability, slackening in his piety and confidence toward God, and meditating some extension of his dominions without the Divine counsel or command, was naturally curious to know whether the number of fighting men in his empire was sufficient for the work which he had projected. See more on 2 Samuel 24:10 (note). He therefore orders Joab and the captains to take an exact account of all the effective men in Israel and Judah. God is justly displeased with this conduct, and determines that the props of his vain ambition shall be taken away, either by famine, war, or pestilence.
我们在前章所读大卫的末了之语，极其美善；然而在本章，我们读到他的几件末了之事，却并非其中最好的；然而他悔改了，重新行了起初所行的，因此终结美好。本章内容如下：I. 他的罪——就是在心里骄傲之下数点百姓（撒下24:1-9）。II. 他对此罪的觉悟与悔改（撒下24:10）。III. 因此罪而加于他的刑罚（撒下24:11-15）。IV. 刑罚的止息（撒下24:16-17）。V. 他筑了一座坛，作为神与他及他的百姓和好的记号（撒下24:18-25）。