scripture.how 圣经注释书

学习资料

圣经注释书

按书卷和章节浏览多种公有领域注释书以及 scripture.how 的韩文译文。可以切换不同注释书,只阅读译文,也可以将原文与译文并排查看。

当前注释书

全部注释书

23 种注释书

全部条目

307,288

已翻译 81,431 条

许可

按来源显示

来源与许可

按注释书来源分别显示原始作品、作者、翻译进度和许可信息。scripture.how 的韩文译文和编辑内容与原文资料分开管理。

查看全部许可

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary

Matthew Henry · 1714

公有领域

Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.

翻译进度
4,537 / 4,537
原文语言
en

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871

公有领域

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.

翻译进度
19,831 / 19,831
原文语言
en

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Albert Barnes · 1834

公有领域

Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.

翻译进度
22,781 / 22,781
原文语言
en

Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible

Adam Clarke · 1831

公有领域

Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.

翻译进度
21,603 / 22,101
原文语言
en

John Gill's Exposition of the Bible

John Gill · 1763

公有领域

John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.

翻译进度
12,528 / 30,759
原文语言
en

Calvin's Commentaries

John Calvin · 1850

公有领域

종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)

翻译进度
144 / 7,385
原文语言
en

Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible

Matthew Poole · 1685

公有领域

간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석

翻译进度
0 / 31,092
原文语言
en

The Pulpit Commentary

ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890

公有领域

전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)

翻译进度
0 / 25,592
原文语言
en

Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament

Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866

公有领域

구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경

翻译进度
0 / 2,044
原文语言
en

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878

公有领域

학술+가독 균형 전권 주석

翻译进度
0 / 23,497
原文语言
en

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

Cambridge (다저자) · 1900

公有领域

준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)

翻译进度
0 / 27,176
原文语言
en

Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament

Marvin R. Vincent · 1887

公有领域

신약 헬라어 단어 연구

翻译进度
0 / 5,763
原文语言
en

Word Pictures in the New Testament

A.T. Robertson · 1933

公有领域

헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)

翻译进度
0 / 6,935
原文语言
en

The Expositor's Greek Testament

ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910

公有领域

헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)

翻译进度
0 / 7,010
原文语言
en

Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament

Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880

公有领域

신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)

翻译进度
0 / 5,340
原文语言
en

Wesley's Explanatory Notes

John Wesley · 1755

公有领域

간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안

翻译进度
0 / 5,643
原文语言
en

Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments

Joseph Benson · 1815

公有领域

웨슬리안 전권 주석

翻译进度
0 / 14,675
原文语言
en

The Treasury of David

Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885

公有领域

시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)

翻译进度
0 / 2,290
原文语言
en

MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture

Alexander Maclaren · 1910

公有领域

설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)

翻译进度
0 / 1,144
原文语言
en

The People's New Testament

B.W. Johnson · 1891

公有领域

평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)

翻译进度
7 / 3,477
原文语言
en

Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Thomas Coke · 1803

公有领域

감리교 전권 주석

翻译进度
0 / 10,808
原文语言
en

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp · 1660

公有领域

청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완

翻译进度
0 / 26,397
原文语言
en

Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament

Charles Hodge · 1860

公有领域

프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)

翻译进度
0 / 1,011
原文语言
en
查看方式
比较方式
翻译语言
翻译状态

Psalms 第 40 章 서론

比较 6 条注释

6 种注释书比较 打开经文

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary

无标题

有译文 打开经文

本篇似是大卫因神的大能与良善,救他脱离一场几将淹没他的重大紧迫患难而作;那患难大概是因罪的自觉、并神因此向他发怒所引起的内心困扰;无论是什么,那感动他为那次拯救献上赞美的圣灵,同时也在他里面作预言的灵,为基督的受苦与随后要得的荣耀作见证;或在他不知不觉间,他已被引领论及他所承之职与完成其职,所用的言辞惟独可应用于基督;因此,在那辉煌预言之前的赞美、与随在其后的祷告,在何种程度上可稳妥而有益地应用到他身上,值得细思。在本诗中:一、大卫记念神救他脱离深重苦难之恩,以感恩之心归荣耀给他(诗40:1-5);二、他由此引申论及我们借基督所得的救赎之工(诗40:6-10);三、那给他勇气,使他为自己、为朋友向神求怜悯求恩典(诗40:11-17)。我们唱这首诗时,若将信心与论基督的预言相和,又真诚地与其中所献的赞美和祷告同合,便是以心向主歌唱了。

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Psalm 40 Introduction

有译文 打开经文

本诗标明为大卫所作,是另一篇"交与伶长"、即呈献或题献给伶长的诗篇;也就是说,这诗被要求由伶长配上合适的音乐;因此,它很可能是特别指定用于希伯来人公共敬拜的一篇。关于这一表述的意义,参见 Psalm 4:1-8 标题的注释。

如今没有任何方法可以确定本诗写于何种场合。无疑,它是因大卫生平中出现的某些试炼而写的,因为其中有许多试炼,本诗的情感都可以恰当地应用上去。然而,如今既无法根据诗篇本身的任何内容确定这里所指的、或引发本诗的是哪些苦难,猜测便无用处;而且,即使我们能确定他所指的乃自己生平中的哪个特定时期,这也不能为本诗的解释提供任何实质帮助。不过,可以推定其中涉及他人生中的某种患难或灾祸;即便假定本诗旨在完全指弥赛亚、描述祂的受苦,所用的语言仍很可能是受本诗作者生平中某些事的启发,他也是在与自己试炼的关联中,被引去默想弥赛亚将来的受苦。

本诗内容如下:

(1)提到某个灾祸或深愁的时期,以落在可怕的坑中来表征;他因祷告蒙应允,从那坑中被救上来——这拯救如此显著,以致其效果是使许多人因此赞美神,Psalm 40:1-3。

(2)陈述那以主为可信靠、倚靠祂过于倚靠地上的骄傲人、或那些无信诡诈之人的,是有福的,Psalm 40:4。

(3)感恩地记念耶和华的诸多作为;这显然是立定"当尽一切可能的方式事奉祂"这义务的根据,也是随即提到的顺服之志的"理由",Psalm 40:5。

(4)陈述他已经做了什么、或打算做什么,以表达他对这义务的感受,或表达神所要求于他的事奉,Psalm 40:6-10。诗中的说话者说,神并不要求他献祭和供物——即希伯来礼仪所规定的带血的祭,Psalm 40:6;说神已使他甘心顺服,或已预备他献上所要求的顺服——("你已经开通我的耳朵"),Psalm 40:6;说他照着关于他的某个预言或先前的记载来顺服,Psalm 40:7;说他以遵行神的旨意为至乐,Psalm 40:8;又说,为履行这安排和这心意,他已传明神的旨意——在大会中传扬了公义,忠心传明了神的救恩,Psalm 40:9-10。

(5)基于这些事实的祷告与恳求——基于他的试炼、他的危险、仇敌要毁灭他的企图、以及他对神子民福祉与平安的渴想,Psalm 40:11-17。特别是:

(a)为他自己仍被围困的患难求解脱的祷告,Psalm 40:11-13;

(b)求那些敌对他的人被降卑、被压服的祷告,Psalm 40:14-15;

(c)求那些寻求耶和华的人欢喜快乐的祷告,Psalm 40:16;以及

(d)他为自己这困苦穷乏者献的祷告,理由是神是他的帮助、他的拯救者,Psalm 40:17。

这里出现一个非常重要而困难的问题,就是本诗原本指谁的问题。

关于这个问题,历来有以下几种见解:

(1)它原本且仅仅指大卫;

(2)它原本且仅仅指弥赛亚;

(3)它可以有双重应用:一部分指大卫,另一部分指弥赛亚,后者是受大卫自身处境的启发而写;以及

(4)希伯来书作者在 Hebrews 10:5-9 中应用于弥赛亚的那部分诗,只是借用式的应用,或只是表达希伯来书信作者的意思,而该书信的作者并未断言本诗原本有任何弥赛亚式的指涉。

逐一细查这些见解会太冗长;在这篇简短的诗篇引言中,所需的或许只是陈明一些理由,说明在我看来正确的见解——即本诗原本且仅仅指弥赛亚;或者说,它是旧约中像 Psalm 2:1-12; Psalm 22 和 Isaiah 53:1-12 那样的作品之一,乃默示的灵定意要描述弥赛亚——描述祂的某些特征,以及祂将要受的苦。

(1)这样的诗篇、旧约中这样的部分确实存在。凡相信圣经默示的人都承认这一点。弥赛亚是犹太民的盼望。祂是他们最崇高预言的主题。这民族习惯于期待祂作为他们伟大的拯救者。在国难当头的所有时刻,他们都盼望祂显现施行救援的时期。可以说,祂是他们民族文学中的英雄,是所有圣作者所仰望的未来那光明的对象,是那荣耀的救主和拯救者;祂的来临,以及祂来临所预示的益处,激励着他们的诗歌,在最黑暗的患难与忧愁之日安慰着他们。试参以赛亚书引言第七节。

(2)希伯来书信的作者明确把本诗的一部分应用于弥赛亚,Hebrews 10:5-9。他引用这段话时相信本诗原本就是指着弥赛亚说的,而不是借用地引用——这一点没有合理的疑问;因为他当时正设法论证一个论点,或证明他所陈述的是真的。他是藉着引述诗中的这段话,作为"当时所论之点的证明"来做到这一点。但倘若他只是借用地引用一段原本另有用意的话,那么这件事中就毫无证明、毫无论证可言了。他引用的要点,正在于他引出的是一段原本指弥赛亚、并且可以恰当地引来说明祂之工作的经文。由这一事实推知本诗指弥赛亚的证明,包含两点:

(a)一位蒙默示的使徒如此应用它;对一切承认他蒙默示的人而言,这似乎足以裁决这个问题;

(b)他既如此应用,就表明在当时的情况下,这是一种古已有之、且被普遍接受的解释。

他写信的对象是从前作犹太人的人,是他盼望就自己关于希伯来献祭观念所主张的事加以说服的人。为这目的,他必须诉诸旧约;但不能设想他会引一段与论点的关联不会立即被承认的经文来作证明。因此可以推定,这段经文当时已被希伯来人自己普遍应用于使徒所用的那个目的,或者说,这应用一旦提出,就如此明显、如此清楚,以致他们不会质疑它。

(3)整篇诗都可以应用于弥赛亚,而解释中没有任何勉强或不自然之处。这将在本诗的注释中详细说明;不过在此期间,提到这种应用的主要难点、以及由此源起对"本诗指弥赛亚"这看法的主要反对,也并非不妥。其中主要的涉及以下几点:

(a)在 Psalm 40:2,诗中的说话者说:"他从祸坑里,从淤泥中,把我拉上来,使我的脚立在磐石上,使我的脚步稳当";他基于此向神感恩。但假定这指弥赛亚、并且在主耶稣身上实际应验,并无真正的困难。祂的仇敌常图谋害祂的性命;他们设网罗陷害祂;他们企图毁灭祂;祂的危险尽可以用"祸坑"和"淤泥"来表征;祂从这些危难中蒙拯救,也尽可比作人从这样的坑中、从深泥中被拉起来的情形。即使假定这是指诗作者本人的亲身经历,这语言仍是比喻性的,必是指某种以落入这样的坑、或陷于淤泥中能贴切表征的危险、危难或患难。不能设想诗作者的意思是说,这事在他自己的人生中真实地、按字面地发生过。因此,把这语言应用于弥赛亚的试炼与危险、并应用于神拯救祂的怜悯介入,并无任何不当。

(b)把它归指弥赛亚所遇到的第二个反对或难点,来自 Psalm 40:12 的话:"我的罪孽追上了我,使我不能昂首;这罪孽比我的头发还多,我就胆寒。"至于把这话应用于弥赛亚是否妥当,可作两点说明。第一,这可能属实:弥赛亚如此与世人认同——如此真实地成为罪人的替代者——在自己灵魂里、在赎罪的深重忧伤中,如此深切地经历了他们之罪的后果,如此担当了那表达神对罪之恶的感受的苦难,以致这语言可以应用于祂,仿佛这些罪就是祂自己的。祂被对待,如同这些罪是祂的——如同祂曾是罪人。祂如此把这些罪归为己有,以致祂被当作好像这些罪是祂的一般对待、并且祂可以感觉自己受苦如同这些罪是祂的,都是合宜的。

这些罪不能按字面转到祂身上,这是真的;按这词的任何正当意义说,祂不是罪人,这是真的;按这词的正当含义说,祂并非"有罪",而且神一直看出祂在人格上是无辜的,这也是真的;但同样真实的是:在赎罪之工中,祂被对待,如同祂曾是罪人;也正是在这个意义上,祂可以把祂所为之受苦的罪称为自己的罪。祂已自愿承担了它们,也正如同它们是祂的一般为之受苦。因此,我们在 Isaiah 53:4-6 有应用于祂的类似语言:"他诚然担当我们的忧患,背负我们的痛苦";"他为我们的过犯受害,为我们的罪孽压伤。因他受的刑罚,我们得平安";"耶和华使我们众人的罪孽都归在他身上"。倘若这样的语言可以恰当地应用于祂和祂的受苦,那么祂看自己为如此与罪人认同、如此真实地担当他们的罪所当受的,以致可以说这些罪"仿佛"是祂自己的,就并无不当或不协调之处——正如一个人可以谈论朋友所欠、而自己已自愿承担偿还之责的债,仿佛那是自己的一般,并且可以说:"这不再是他的,而是我的。"

圣经论到救赎主与罪之关系的语言,往往如此鲜明醒目,足以提示并佐证这种说法。参见 2 Corinthians 5:21; Galatians 3:13。第二,毕竟也有可能:本诗中译作"罪孽"的词,在这里仅意为"灾祸、患难、忧愁"。(参见 Hebrews 10:5 的注释;并试参斯图尔特教授(Prof. Stuart)论希伯来书信的《专论》第二十篇(Excursus xx.),第594页。)本诗所用的同一个词在 2 Samuel 16:12 中的意思是:"或者耶和华见我遭难。""罪孽"与"灾祸"——"罪"与"刑罚"——在圣经中紧密相连,以至于一个常用来指另一个;圣作者说到自己的"罪"时,往往指因罪临到他的苦难或灾祸。照样,这里可以理解为:弥赛亚的意思是,因祂承担世人的罪而临到祂的灾祸或灾殃,使人们有理由说,祂的"罪孽"——祂所承担的、或照以赛亚的说法祂所"担当"的罪孽——"追上了祂,使祂不能昂首";或者,想到其数目之巨,祂可以说:"这罪孽比我的头发还多,我就胆寒。"

(c)反对把本诗应用于弥赛亚的第三个理由是:不能设想祂会像 Psalm 40:14-15 中那样咒诅自己的仇敌:"愿他们抱愧蒙羞;愿他们退后受辱;愿他们因羞愧而败亡。"对此可以回答说:这样的咒诅出于弥赛亚之口,与出于大卫之口同样合宜;二者都无不妥。大卫和弥赛亚都确实发出过对敬虔与神之仇敌的谴责。没有证据表明这两种情况中有任何恶意的情绪;发出对罪的谴责,也与至高的仁爱并不冲突。神在祂的话语中不断如此行;在祂护理的作为中也同样频繁地如此行。恶人行走在这个世界上,处处都会遇见对他们罪恶的谴责;那位将在大审判之日向所有罪人宣判的主,预先告知他们必有的事必临到他们,这并无任何不敬。因此,这些反对并不至于使人不能视本诗为完全适用于弥赛亚。

(4)本诗不能恰当地应用于大卫;除弥赛亚之外,我们也不知道还能应用于谁。"神既不要求祭物和供物,他就已来遵行神的旨意"这话,在大卫身上并不真实,Psalm 40:6-7;说"在经卷上"已经记着关于他的事——说他以神的旨意为乐、并因经上"已经"这样记着而来到世上——在大卫身上也不真实,Psalm 40:7-8;说"在大会中传扬公义"乃他一贯的特征性工作,在大卫身上也不真实,Psalm 40:9;但这一切在弥赛亚身上都是真实的。这些表述只能应用于祂;把所有这些情况合起来看,结论看来是恰当的:整篇诗原本指着救赎主,并且应当解释为单单适用于祂。

本诗的结尾 Psa 40:13-17 与 Psalm 70:1-5 之间有显著的相似之处。事实上,那一整篇诗与这篇的结尾部分相同。我们眼前这诗的这一部分为何如此重复,为何又从本诗分出来、自成一篇诗,全然未知。不能设想这是抄写上的错误,因为这错误太重大,必定会被发现。或许最好的解释是:假定 Psalm 70:1-5 的作者正处于那里所描述的心境和处境之中,并且假定他没有另写一篇新的诗来表达自己的情感,而是发现 Psalm 40 的这一部分——早已写成——恰好表达了他想表达的一切,又认为它如此适合单独作为一篇祷告,于是便抄录了它。它既被如此抄录、其情感又如此重复,这一事实绝不有损于"它是默示的"这一看法。

Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible

Psalm 40 Introduction

仅原文 打开经文

The benefit of confidence in God, Psalm 40:1-3. The blessedness of those who trust in God, Psalm 40:4, Psalm 40:5. The termination of the Jewish sacrifices in that of Christ, Psalm 40:6-8. The psalmist's resolution to publish God's goodness, Psalm 40:9, Psalm 40:10 : he prays to be delivered from evils, Psalm 40:11-13; against his enemies, Psalm 40:14, Psalm 40:15; and in behalf of those who are destitute, Psalm 40:16, Psalm 40:17.

The Title, "To the chief Musician," we have already seen, and it contains nothing worthy of particular remark. Concerning the occasion and author of this Psalm there has been a strange and numerous diversity of opinions. I shall not trouble the reader with sentiments which I believe to be ill founded; as I am satisfied the Psalm was composed by David and about the same time and on the same occasion as the two preceding; with this difference, that here he magnifies God for having bestowed the mercy which he sought there. It is, therefore, a thanksgiving for his recovery from the sore disease by which he was afflicted in his body, and for his restoration to the Divine favor. The sixth, seventh, and eighth verses contain a remarkable prophecy of the incarnation and sacrificial offering of Jesus Christ. From the eleventh to the end contains a new subject and appears to have belonged to another Psalm. It is the same as the seventieth Psalm; only it wants the two first verses.

John Gill's Exposition of the Bible

Psalm 40 Introduction

仅原文 打开经文

INTRODUCTION TO Psalm 40

To the chief Musician, a Psalm of David. Jarchi interprets this psalm of the Israelites, and of their deliverance and song at the Red sea. The title of it, in the Syriac version, is,

"A psalm of David according to the letter, when Shemaiah brought the names of those who minister in the house of the Lord;''

see 1 Chronicles 24:6; according to Kimchi, the subject of this psalm is the same with that of the two preceding; and R. Obadiah thinks it was composed by David, when he was recovered of a leprosy; but though it might be written by David, it was not written concerning himself, or on his own account, but of another. The title of this psalm is somewhat different from others in the order of the words; whereas it is usually put "a psalm of", or "for David"; here it is, "for David, a psalm"; and may be rendered, as Ainsworth observes, "a psalm concerning David"; not literally, but typically understood; not concerning David himself, but concerning his antitype and son, who is called by his name, Ezekiel 37:24; and that it is to be interpreted of him is evident from the application of Psalm 39:6, unto him by the apostle in Hebrews 10:5; and the whole of it is applicable to him; some apply it to Jeremiah in the dungeon, and others to Daniel in the den, as Theodoret observes.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

Psalm 40 Introduction

仅原文 打开经文

XL.

The phenomenon presented in this psalm of a burst of praise (Psalm 40:1-10), followed by plaintive prayer (Psalm 40:11 onwards), is so peculiar, and so contrary to the usual method of psalm composition, as to lead of itself to the conjecture of a composite poem. The fact that Psalm 40:13-17 appear again in Psalms 70, adds some force to this conjecture which is also supported by a marked difference in rhythm, which is finer and better sustained in the second part. We must in any case notice the prophetic power of the singer. In the true spirit of the Hebrew prophets, he exalts spiritual above merely formal religion.

The Davidic authorship is rejected, even by such critics as Delitzsch; and if we must fix on an author, the Deuteronomist suggests himself, or Jeremiah. That the psalm was written after the discovery of the Book of the Law, in Josiah’s reign, there can be little doubt.

Title.—See Psalms 3 (title).

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

Psalm 40 Introduction

仅原文 打开经文

This Psalm consists of two parts, differing widely in tone and character. In the first part (Psalm 40:1-11) thanksgiving for deliverance and its true expression in the devotion of obedience to God’s will are the prominent ideas: in the second part (Psalm 40:12-17) the Psalmist is still the victim of a cruel persecution, from which he prays for deliverance.

The first part is marked by singular vigour and spirituality; the second part consists mainly of phrases found elsewhere, and Psalm 40:13-17 recur separately in Book ii as Psalms 70.

It seems most probable that two Psalms or parts of Psalms have been combined by a compiler, with reference to his own needs or for liturgical purposes, at a time when he himself or the nation looked back upon past deliverance from the midst of present trials. Still it is possible that the author of Psalm 40:1-11 himself added Psalm 40:12-17 at a later time under changed circumstances, making use of language which he had employed before in time of distress. There are links of connexion between the two parts. Be pleased (Psalm 40:13) takes up thy good pleasure (Psalm 40:8); taketh thought for me (Psalm 40:17) glances back to thy thoughts to us-ward (Psalm 40:5); they are more (Psalm 40:12) is found in Psalm 40:5 : and such repetition of a word already used in a different connexion is characteristic of the author of the first part: e.g. restrain not thou (Psalm 40:11) corresponds to I will not restrain (Psalm 40:9); thy lovingkindness and thy truth (Psalm 40:11) to the same words in Psalm 40:10.

If the Psalm is David’s, it would seem to belong to the later years of his outlaw life, shortly before he became king, rather than to the time of Absalom’s rebellion. It has been well pointed out that the words of Psalm 40:6 ff. gain fresh force if they are taken in connexion with 1 Samuel 15:22. The self-devotion of the king after God’s own heart is the exact opposite of the self-will which was the ground of Saul’s rejection.

The ascription of the Psalm to Jeremiah rests mainly on the supposed reference of Psalm 40:2 to Jeremiah’s imprisonment (Jeremiah 38:6), but the language is certainly figurative and not literal.

Some regard the speaker in this, as in the two preceding Psalms, as “either pious Israel personified, or (virtually the same thing) a representative pious Israelite” (Cheyne), who speaks in the name of the nation. But though Israel in later times may well have appropriated to itself the words of the Psalm, the personal origin of it appears to be unmistakable. There is not the slightest hint that the enemies referred to are heathen, or that those who are won by the sight of God’s mercy (Psalm 40:3) are distant nations.

The first part falls into four approximately equal stanzas. The following is an outline of the contents.

A. i. After long and patient waiting prayer has been answered and occasion given for fresh thanksgiving (Psalm 40:1-3).

ii. Once more it has been proved that trust in God is the only source of true happiness. The goodness of God to His people is infinite and incomparable (Psalm 40:4-5).

iii. What shall be man’s response to that love? Not material sacrifice, but the service of glad obedience (Psalm 40:6-8).

iv. The Psalmist has not failed publicly to confess what God has proved Himself to be, and confidently anticipates the continuance of His favour (Psalm 40:9-11).

B. Suddenly the scene changes. The Psalmist represents himself as overwhelmed by afflictions, and pleads for speedy help, and the discomfiture of his malicious enemies. Yet even in the midst of distress his trust remains unshaken (Psalm 40:12-17).

This Psalm is one of the Proper Psalms for Good Friday. Its appropriateness is obvious, as describing in Psalm 40:6 ff. the fundamental nature of the sacrifice which was consummated upon the Cross.

Psalms 第 40 章 1

比较 2 条注释

2 种注释书比较 打开经文

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

Ps 40:1-17.

有译文 打开经文

Ps 40:1-17.

本诗先颂扬神的拯救,随后宣告献身事奉的志愿。接着是脱离迫近危险的祈求,其中涉及仇敌的倾覆与同情之友的喜乐。在

Heb 10:5

等处,保罗引用

Ps 40:6-8

作为基督献上自己为更美祭物时所说的话。有人认为保罗如此是把大卫的话“借用”来表达基督的心意。但这样一来,他引用的价值便被摧毁了,因为除非读者将其视为旧约经文的原意,否则对他的论证毫无分量。也有人认为本诗描述大卫在受苦与喜乐中的感受;但保罗所引用、且按其所赋予之意来理解的语言,不能适用于大卫的任何关系——因为作为预表,这语言并不适合描述大卫生平的任何事件或处境;而作为代表一般敬虔人的个体,无论他还是他们都无法恰当地使用它(见下文

Ps 40:7)。因此,本诗必须如第十六篇一样,被理解为表达基督人性的感受。与此观点相关的难点,将在出现时加以讨论。

1-3. 深重苦难的比喻,在耶利米的历史中有所说明(Jer 38:6-12)。在苦难中所显出的忍耐与信靠、因祷告而蒙的拯救,以及这拯救在激发神真敬拜者赞美上所生的果效,都教训我们:基督的受苦是我们的榜样,祂的拯救是我们的激励(Heb 5:7, 8; 12:3;1Pe 4:12-16)。

侧耳(inclined)——(侧耳,Ps 17:6)仿佛要捕捉最微弱的叹息。

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Psalm 40:1

有译文 打开经文

我曾耐性等候耶和华——旁注与希伯来文同:“在等候中我等候了”。即“我持续等候”。这不是单一的、瞬间的期望或盼望之举;它是持续的,或说是坚持到底的。这里的思想是:他的祷告没有立刻蒙应允,而是在他多次祷告之后——在看似他的祷告不会蒙应允之时——才得着应允。这里所指的是恳切、坚持的祷告;是在看似祷告无回应、也无蒙应允指望之时,仍持续不断的恳求与盼望。

他向我俯就——即祂终于垂听并应允了我;或者说,祂转而恩眷我,这是“坚持”祷告的结果。“俯就”一词在此本义为“弯下腰”;即祂“俯身向前”来倾听,把祂的耳朵凑近我的口来听我。起初,祂似乎像一个不愿垂听的人;像一个向后仰头或转脸不顾的人。然而最终,祂俯身向前领受了我的祷告。

听见了我的呼求——我在患难中发出的呼求;我在忧伤和险境的深处向祂发出的呼求(Psalm 40:2)。应用于救赎主身上时,这是指如下事实:在祂的忧伤中,在与救赎之工相关的深重忧伤中,祂坚持呼求神,而神垂听了祂,使祂升入荣耀与喜乐。参见 Matthew 26:36-46。参见 Hebrews 5:7 的注释。这里所假定的时间,是祂的苦难结束之后;祂的工作完成之后;祂从死里复活“之后”。这是感恩追忆的语言——我们可以推想,当祂回顾自己为成就赎罪所经过的那一切惊人忧伤,并想起神在那些忧伤中保守了祂、又使祂从如此深重的祸患被提升到如此高远的荣耀时,所说的便是这样的话。