서론
Psalm 146 Introduction
繁體中文
英文原文
This psalm is without a title, and it is impossible to ascertain by whom, or on what occasion, it was composed. In the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, the title is, "Hallelujah. Of Haggai and Zechariah." But this is without authority, and it is not known how it came to be prefixed. The same title occurs in the Arabic Version. The Syriac Version has the title still more in full: "Spoken by Haggai and Zechariah the prophets, who ascended from the captivity at Babylon, concerning the morning ministration of the priests;" that is, to be used in their morning services. The tradition, therefore, would seem to be that this is a composition of those prophets. That it may have belonged to the times of Haggai and Zechariah is certainly possible, nor is there anything in the psalm inconsistent with that supposition, though there is no positive evidence that it is so. In this portion of the Psalms Ps. 146-150 all begin and end in the same manner, with a Hallelujah; they all belong to one group, and seem to pertain to the same occasion; and it is not inprobable that they constitute a series of psalms intended to commemorate the completion of the walls of Jerusalem, and the finishing of the temple. They would be eminently appropriate to such an event.
This psalm is a general psalm of praise which might be used at any time, containing thoughts such as are appropriately suggested by a contemplation of the character of God, and his dealings with people. The idea is that of the blessedness of trusting in God; the security of those who do it; the superiority of this confidence and peace over any which is reposed in princes; and the evidence that it will be safe to trust in him, furnished by his merciful interpositions in behalf of the oppressed, the hungry, the prisoner, the blind, the bowed down, the righteous, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. The psalm, then, has these parts:
I. An expression of a purpose to praise God; or, God as an object of praise, Psalm 146:1-2.
II. Reliance is not to be put in man, even in princes, since all are mortal, Psalm 146:3-4.
III. God is the only Being on whom we can rely, Psalm 146:5-9.
(1) the happiness of that reliance, Psalm 146:5.
(2) reasons for such reliance, Psalm 146:6-9. He is the Creator of all things; he keeps truth; he executes judgment for the oppressed; he shows his kindness toward the hungry, the prisoner, the blind, the bowed down, the righteous, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow.
IV. God will reign for ever, and he is the God of Zion. His people, therefore, should praise him, Psalm 146:10.
1
Psalm 146:1
繁體中文
「你們要讚美耶和華」——「你們」——即萬民。旁註作「哈利路亞」。見 Psalm 104:35；Psalm 106:1。
「我的心哪，你要讚美耶和華」——參見 Psalm 103:1 的註釋，以及 Psalm 104:1 的註釋。
英文原文
Praise ye the Lord - "Ye" - all people. Margin, Hallelujah. See Psalm 104:35; Psalm 106:1.
Praise the Lord, O my soul - See Psalm 103:1, note; Psalm 104:1, note.
2
Psalm 146:2
繁體中文
「我一生要讚美耶和華」——試參 Psalm 104:33 的註釋，那裏實質上出現與本節相同的話：「我要一生向耶和華歌唱．我還活的時候、要向我神歌頌。」這裏的意思，不僅是說他在今生——儘管它短暫而易逝——要讚美祂，而是說，只要他仍有存在——在未來的世界——直到永遠，他都要讚美祂。
“在我生命的每一段落， 我都要追隨你的良善； 死後，在遙遠的諸世界， 再續這榮美的主題。 在整個永恆裏，我要向你 獻上歡樂的詩歌； 但啊！永恆仍太短， 述不盡你一切的讚美。”
—— Addison
英文原文
While I live will I praise the Lord ... - See the notes at Psalm 104:33, where the same language occurs substantially as in this verse: "I will sing unto the Lord as long as I live; I will sing praise to my God while I have my being." The idea is, not merely that he would praise him during this life - short and fleeting as it is - but that as long as he had an existence - in the future world - forever he would praise him.
Through every period of my life
Thy goodness I'll pursue;
And after death, in distant worlds,
The glorious theme renew.
Through all eternity to Thee
A joyful song I'll raise;
But, oh! eternity's too short
To utter all thy praise."
- Addison
3
Psalm 146:3
繁體中文
「你們不要倚靠君王」——當倚靠神，過於倚靠人，無論那人何等尊貴。有一件保護與拯救之工，是任何人——無論何等尊貴——都不能為你成就的；這工惟有那造萬物、永不死亡的神才能成就。見 Psalm 118:8-9 的註釋。並比較 Isaiah 2:22 的註釋：「你們休要倚賴世人，他鼻孔裏不過有氣息；他在一切事上可算甚麼呢？」
「不要倚靠世人」——任何人的兒子；任何人類，無論其地位或權勢如何。這短語常用以指人。見 Psalm 8:4 的註釋。「人子」這稱號常被救主用在自己身上，以強調他是人——他有人的本性；他與人類認同；他是人的兄弟、共受苦難者、朋友：他不是一位冷漠抽象、高不可攀、對墮落受苦之世界的罪與禍不能感受、不能流淚的存在。然而，幾乎無須贅言，此處的話並不是指着他說的。倚靠他是正確的；我們別無可信靠的。
「他一點不能幫助」——頁邊註作「拯救」。希伯來文亦然。其意乃是：人不能拯救我們。他不能救自己；也不能救別人。
英文原文
Put not your trust in princes - Rely on God rather than on man, however exalted he may be. There is a work of protection and salvation which no man, however exalted he may be, can perform for you; a work which God alone, who is the Maker of all things, and who never dies, can accomplish. See the notes at Psalm 118:8-9. Compare also the notes at Isaiah 2:22 : "Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils, for wherein is he to be accounted of?"
Nor in the son of man - Any son of man; any human being, no matter what his rank or power. The phrase is often used to denote man. See the notes at Psalm 8:4. The appellation "Son of man" was often applied by the Saviour to himself to express emphatically the idea that he was a man - that he had a human nature; that he was identified with the race; that he was a brother, a fellow-sufferer, a friend of man: that he was not a cold and abstract being so exalted that he could not feel or weep over the sins and woes of a fallen and suffering world. The language here, however, it is scarcely necessary to say, does not refer to him. It is right to put our trust in him; we have no other trust.
In whom there is no help - Margin, salvation. So the Hebrew. The idea is, that man cannot save us. He cannot save himself; he cannot save others.
4
Psalm 146:4
繁體中文
「他的氣一斷」——他與別人一樣死去，無論地位多麼崇高。見 Isaiah 2:22 的註釋。
「就歸回塵土」——見 Psalm 90:3 的註釋。地——塵土——是「他的」：
（a）它是他的，因為那是造他的材料：他回到他本來所是的。Genesis 3:19：「你本是塵土，仍要歸於塵土。」
（b）地——塵土——墳墓是他的，因為那是他的家——他將居住的地方。
（c）它是他的，因為那是他日後唯一能有的產業。一個人——無論是侯伯、貴族、君王、百萬富翁——不久將要擁有的一切，就是他的墳墓——他那幾尺土地。那塊地按佔有的權利是他的；因為暫時佔用那地的將是他，而不是別人。但那地不久也可能成為另一個人的墳墓；因此即使在墳墓裏，他也只是個暫時的住客；連墳墓他也不能永久佔有。最富的人何等貧窮！
「當日」——就是他死的那一日——那一刻。
「他所打算的，就消滅了」——他的目的；他的謀劀；他的計劃；他征服與野心的目的；他發財或成名的圖謀；他蓋房、闢園、享受人生的計劃；他著書、旅行、或安逸享樂的打算。Luke 12:19-20：「然後要對我的靈魂說：靈魂哪，你有許多財物積存，可作多年的費用，只管安安逸逸地吃喝快樂吧！神卻對他說：無知的人哪，今夜必要你的靈魂；你所預備的要歸誰呢？」人的打算盡都如此！
英文原文
His breath goeth forth - He dies like other people, no matter how exalted he is. See the notes at Isaiah 2:22.
He returneth to his earth - See the notes at Psalm 90:3. The earth - the dust - is "his" -
(a) It is his, as that from which he was made: he turns back to what he was. Genesis 3:19 : "dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return."
(b) The earth - the dust - the grave is his, as it is his home - the place where he will abide.
(c) It is his, as it is the only property which he has in reversion. All that a man - a prince, a nobleman, a monarch, a millionaire - will soon have will be his grave - his few feet of earth. That will be his by right of possession; by the fact that, for the time being, he will occupy it, and not another man. But that, too, may soon become another man's grave, so that even there he is a tenant only for a time; he has no permanent possession even of a grave. How poor is the richest man!
In that very day - The very day - the moment - that he dies.
His thoughts perish - His purposes; his schemes; his plans; his purposes of conquest and ambition; his schemes for becoming rich or great; his plans of building a house, and laying out his grounds, and enjoying life; his design of making a book, or taking a journey, or giving himself to ease and pleasure. Luke 12:19-20 : "and I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry; but God said unto him, Thou fool! this night thy soul shall be required of time." Such are all the purposes of men!
5
Psalm 146:5
繁體中文
「以雅各的神為幫助的，這人便為有福」——即在旅程與危險中保護了雅各的那位神，人可以倚靠祂得保護。或者，「雅各」一詞在此也許是集合性地指以色列——猶太民族：他們所敬拜事奉的神，而非異教的神明。參比較詩篇 144:15；詩篇 54:4 的註釋。
「仰望耶和華他神的」——即以耶和華為自己的神來敬拜，並把盼望放在祂身上的人。就是說，真正敬拜耶和華、以耶和華為自己的神的人。
英文原文
Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help - Who may rely for protection on the God who defended Jacob in his travels and dangers. Or, perhaps the word Jacob is used here collectively to denote Israel - the Jewish people: the God whom they adore and worship, rather than the gods of the pagan. Compare Psalm 144:15, note; Psalm 54:4, note.
Whose hope is in the Lord his God - In Yahweh, worshipped as his God. That is, who truly worships Yahweh, or makes Yahweh his God.
6
Psalm 146:6
繁體中文
「耶和華造天、造地、造海和其中的萬物」——祂是真神，是萬物的創造主。那能稱呼這位召喚如此奇妙宇宙存在、並以祂的能力托住萬有的神為自己的神的人，是有福的。
「他守誠實，直到永遠」——祂始終信守祂的應許。本節給出神的子民前途所以有福的兩個理由：
(1) 耶和華是真神，是萬物的創造主，因此能保護、供養他們。
(2) 祂是信實的，永遠可以倚靠。
偶像沒有能力，對它們的一切倚靠都是虛空的倚靠；人常虛謊而不可信任；惟耶和華有無限的能力，祂所作的一切應許都必成就；祂所說的一切都永遠真實、永不改變。倚靠祂的理由——或說倚靠祂的人所以「有福」的理由——在以下幾節中進一步陳明。
英文原文
Which made heaven and earth ... - Who is the true God, the Creator of all things. Happy is he who can address the God who called all this wondrous universe into being, and who sustains all by his power, as his God.
Which keepeth truth for ever - Who is always true to his promises. In this verse there are two reasons given why the lot of the people of God would be a happy one:
(1) That Yahweh is the true God, the Creator of all things, and, therefore, able to protect and provide for them.
(2) That he is faithful, and may always be relied on.
Idol-gods have no power, and every reliance placed on them is a vain reliance; people are often false and cannot be trusted, but Yahweh has infinite power, and every promise that he makes will be fulfilled; all that he says is eternally and unchangeably true. The reasons for trusting in him, or the reasons why they who trust in him are "happy," are further stated in the following verses.
7
Psalm 146:7
繁體中文
「他為受屈的伸冤」——這是信靠神的人之所以有福的第三個理由。因為神有能力對受欺壓、被冤枉的人宣布並執行公正的判決;而且,這樣施行審判正是祂本性的特性。見 Psalm 103:6 的註釋:「耶和華施行公義,為一切受屈的人伸冤。」
「賜食物與飢餓的」——見 Psalm 107:9 的註釋:「因他使心裏渴慕的得以知足,使飢餓的得飽美物。」這是信靠神的人之所以有福的第四個理由。比較 Luke 1:53:「叫飢餓的得飽美食。」
「耶和華釋放被囚的」——這是信靠耶和華的人之所以「有福」的第五個理由。比較 Psalm 68:6 的註釋:「使被囚的出來享福」。另見 Psalm 107:10 的註釋:「被困苦和鐵鍊捆鎖」。比較 Job 36:8-9。
英文原文
Which executeth judgment for the oppressed - This is the third reason why the lot of those is a happy one who trust in God. It is because he has power to pronounce and execute a right judgment or sentence in regard to the oppressed and the wronged, and because it is characteristic of his nature that he does thus execute judgment. See the notes at Psalm 103:6 : "The Lord executeth right. eousness and judgment for all that are oppressed."
Which giveth food to the hungry - See the notes at Psalm 107:9 : "For he satisfieth the longing soul, and filleth the hungry soul with goodness." This is the fourth reason why they who confide in God are happy. Compare Luke 1:53 : "He hath filled the hungry with good things."
The Lord looseth the prisoners - This is the fifth reason why they who trust in the Lord are "happy." Compare the notes at Psalm 68:6 : "He bringeth out those which are bound with chains." See also the notes at Psalm 107:10 : "Being bound in affliction and iron." Compare Job 36:8-9.
8
Psalm 146:8
繁體中文
「耶和華開了瞎子的眼睛」 — 這是那些倚靠耶和華之人所以為有福的第六個理由。這裏的話既可指身體的失明，也可指心靈的盲目。參 Psalm 119:18 註釋：「求你開我的眼睛，使我看出你律法中的奇妙。」並見 Isaiah 35:5 註釋：「那時，瞎子的眼必睜開。」
「耶和華扶起被壓下的人」 — 這是倚靠耶和華之人所以為有福的第七個理由：那些被憂慮、患難與災禍的重擔所壓制、所屈伏的人，蒙他扶起，或蒙他扶持安慰。參 Psalm 145:14 註釋：「凡跌倒的，耶和華將他們扶持；凡被壓下的，將他們扶起。」
「耶和華喜愛義人」 — 這是倚靠耶和華之人所以為有福的第八個理由。神喜愛那些順服律法的人、行正直之事的人，這乃是神的一項特性，也是讚美的一個根據。
英文原文
The Lord openeth the eyes of the blind - This is the sixth reason for what is stated as to the blessedness of those who put their trust in the Lord. The language here would be applicable to bodily or to mental blindness. Compare the notes at Psalm 119:18 : "Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law." See also the notes at Isaiah 35:5 : "Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened."
The Lord raiseth them that are bowed down - This is the seventh reason why they are happy who trust in the Lord. It is that those who are crushed and bowed down under the weight of care, trouble, and calamity, are raised up by him, or are sustained and comforted. See the notes at Psalm 145:14 : "The Lord upholdeth all that fall, and raiseth up all those that be bowed down."
The Lord loveth the righteous - This is the eighth reason why those who trust in the Lord are happy. It is a characteristic of God, and a foundation for praise, that he loves those who obey law; who do that which is right.
9
Psalm 146:9
繁體中文
「耶和華保護寄居的」——他顧念他們；他保護並引導他們。這是信靠耶和華的人有福的第九個理由。寄居者——遠離家鄉與親友；無人對他表示關切或同情；懷著被人離棄的感覺；在患難中無人可以求助——可以在神那裡找到一位顧念他境遇、同情他、並能保護他、作他朋友的主。參 Exodus 12:49；Exodus 22:21；Exodus 23:9；Leviticus 19:33；Deuteronomy 1:16；Deuteronomy 10:18-19；Isaiah 56:3；Isaiah 56:6。
「扶持孤兒和寡婦」——他作他們的朋友。這是信靠耶和華的人有福的第十個理由，就是：神是那些在地上沒有保護者之人的朋友。見 Psalm 68:5 的註釋：「神在他的聖所作孤兒的父，作寡婦的伸冤者。」
「卻使惡人的道路彎曲」——他傾覆他們的計劃；挫敗他們的圖謀；使他們的旨意成就他們本不打算成就的事。這裡的希伯來文字，意思是使彎曲、使成弧形、使彎折、扭曲；繼而指傾覆、翻轉。同一個字在 Psalm 119:78 用以指惡人的行為：「因為他們無理地傾覆我。」這裡的意思是：他們的道路不是正直的路；神使它成為彎曲之道；他們偏離了自己的圖謀；神藉著他們成就他們本不打算成就的旨意；神攔阻他們成就自己的圖謀；並要使他們的計劃服務於一個比他們自己的目的更高、更美的旨意。這是信靠神的人有福的第十一個理由，就是：神配得信靠與愛，因為他使惡人的一切計劃完全在他的掌管之下。
英文原文
The Lord preserveth the strangers - He regards them with interest; he defends and guides them. This is the ninth reason why those who trust in the Lord are happy. The stranger - away from home and friends; with no one to feel an interest in him or sympathy for him; with the feeling that he is forsaken; with no one on whom he can call for sympathy in distress - may find in God one who will regard his condition; who will sympathize with him; who is able to protect and befriend him. Compare Exodus 12:49; Exodus 22:21; Exodus 23:9; Leviticus 19:33; Deuteronomy 1:16; Deuteronomy 10:18-19; Isaiah 56:3, Isaiah 56:6.
He relieveth the fatherless and widow - He is their friend. This is the tenth reason why those who put their trust in the Lord are happy. It is that God is the Friend of those who have no earthly protector. See the notes at Psalm 68:5 : "A father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows, is God in his holy habitation."
But the way of the wicked he turneth upside down - He overturns their plans; defeats their schemes; makes their purposes accomplish what they did not intend they should accomplish. The Hebrew word here means to bend, to curve, to make crooked, to distort; then, to overturn, to turn upside down. The same word is applied to the conduct of the wicked, in Psalm 119:78 : "They dealt perversely with me." The idea here is, that their path is not a straight path; that God makes it a crooked way; that they are diverted from their design; that through them he accomplishes purposes which they did not intend; that he prevents their accomplishing their own designs; and that he will make their plans subservient to a higher and better purpose than their own. This is the eleventh reason why those who put their trust in God are happy. It is that God is worthy of confidence and love, because he has all the plans of wicked men entirely under his control.
10
Psalm 146:10
繁體中文
「耶和華要作王，直到永遠」——見 Psalm 10:16 的註釋：「耶和華永永遠遠為王」。參 Exodus 15:18。
「你的神啊，錫安哪，要作王直到萬代」——即只要世界尚存。這國度必不像人間政權那樣有朝代的更迭；同一位君王要世世代代一直作王。
「你們要讚美耶和華」——即 Hallelu-jah（哈利路亞）。這首詩怎樣開始，也怎樣結束；它是呼召眾人一同讚美耶和華。
英文原文
The Lord shall reign for ever - See the notes at Psalm 10:16 : "The Lord is King forever and ever" Compare Exodus 15:18.
Even thy God, O Zion, unto all generations - As long as the world shall endure. There shall be no change of dynasty as there is in human governments; but the same King shall reign from age to age.
Praise ye the Lord - Hallelu-jah. The psalm closes as it commences. It is a call on all persons to unite in the praise of Yahweh.
本篇沒有標題，無法查明它是誰所寫、或為何場合而寫。在七十士譯本和拉丁文通俗譯本中，標題作「哈利路亞。哈該和撒迦利亞的詩」。但這並無根據，也不知它如何被加在篇首。阿拉伯文譯本也有同樣的標題。敘利亞文譯本的標題更為完整：「先知哈該和撒迦利亞所說，他們從巴比倫被擄之地歸上來，論祭司早晨的事奉」；即供早晨的儀式使用。因此，傳統似乎認為這是那兩位先知的作品。它可能屬於哈該和撒迦利亞的時代，這當然可能；詩中也沒有甚麼與這設想不相合之處，只是沒有確實的證據證明如此。在詩篇的這一部分（Ps. 146-150），各篇都以同樣的方式開始和結束——以哈利路亞；它們同屬一組，似乎關乎同一場合；它們構成一個詩系列，旨在紀念耶路撒冷城牆的完工和聖殿的落成，這並非不可能。它們對這樣的事件極為合適。
本篇是一篇隨時可用的普通讚美詩，包含由默想神的品格和祂待人之道所自然引出的思想。其主題是倚靠神的有福、倚靠祂之人的安穩、這信心與平安勝過寄託於君王的一切，以及「信靠祂必然安全」的憑據——這憑據由祂為受欺壓的、飢餓的、被囚的、瞎眼的、被壓下的、義人、寄居的、孤兒和寡婦所施的憐憫作為提供。因此，本篇有以下的段落：
一、表達讚美神的志向；或說以神為讚美的對象（Psalm 146:1-2）。
二、不要倚靠人，連君王也不要倚靠，因為人都是必死的（Psalm 146:3-4）。
三、神是惟一可以倚靠的那位（Psalm 146:5-9）。
（1）這倚靠的福樂（Psalm 146:5）。
（2）這樣倚靠的理由（Psalm 146:6-9）。祂是萬物的創造者；祂保守誠實；祂為受欺壓的施行審判；祂向飢餓的、被囚的、瞎眼的、被壓下的、義人、寄居的、孤兒和寡婦顯明祂的恩慈。
四、神必作王直到永遠，祂是錫安的神；因此，祂的百姓當讚美祂（Psalm 146:10）。