서론
Psalm 148 Introduction
简体中文
英文原文
The author of this psalm is unknown. The occasion on which it was composed was probably the same as that on which the two previous psalms and the two following were written - each commencing and closing with a Hallelujah. That occasion was, most probably, as before remarked, the rebuilding of Jerusalem after the captivity, and the dedication of the temple.
The psalm is, in general, a call on all parts of the universe to praise the Lord. It is properly divided into two portions. In the first Psalm 148:1-6, the call is addressed to the heavens - to all that is above the earth - to praise Yahweh; in the second Psalm 148:7-14, the call is addressed to all the dwellers on the earth to unite in that praise. The psalm is most animated and triumphant. The language accords with the sentiment. It is adapted to the most animating and spirit-stirring music; and these psalms - this and the two preceding and the two following - in style, in sentiment, in poetic beauty, in sublimity, in their adaptedness to fill the soul with lofty emotions - are eminently suited to close the whole collection - the entire Book of Psalms. Little can be needed, or can be added, in illustration of the sentiments of the psalm.
1
Psalm 148:1
简体中文
你们要赞美耶和华——参见 Psalm 146:1 的注释。
你们要从天上赞美耶和华——从天这一方面而言。愿住在天上的开始这歌。
要在高处赞美祂——一切在高处的，就是宇宙最高的部分、诸天之中的。
英文原文
Praise ye the Lord - See the notes at Psalm 146:1.
Praise ye the Lord from the heavens - On the part of the heavens. Let those who dwell in heaven begin the song.
Praise him in the heights - All that are in the heights; to wit, in the highest parts of the universe, or the heavens.
2
Psalm 148:2
简体中文
他的众使者都要赞美他——住在天上的。试参 Psalm 103:20 的注释。
他的诸军都要赞美他——参见 Psalm 103:21 的注释和 Isaiah 1:9 的注释。即祂的众军——指众天使被视作编列成军的队伍，神是这军队的元首和统帅。
英文原文
Praise ye him, all his angels - Dwelling in the heavens. Compare the notes at Psalm 103:20.
Praise ye him, all his hosts - See the notes at Psalm 103:21 and the notes at Isaiah 1:9. All his armies - referring to the angels considered as marshalled into hosts, of which God is the Head and Leader.
3
Psalm 148:3
简体中文
“日头月亮，你们要赞美他”——即人眼所见天空中最显赫、最荣耀的物体。
“放光的星宿，你们都要赞美他”——这是指明亮闪耀之星宿的诗意说法。这短语包括了人眼所见的众星。每一颗星都有它特别可赞美神之处；而全群——那无数的星群——也当同声加入一个赞美的大合唱。
英文原文
Praise ye him, sun and moon - The most conspicuous and glorious objects in the heavens, as apparent to the eyes of people.
Praise him, all ye stars of light - A poetical expression to denote bright or shining stars. The phrase embraces all the stars as they strike the eyes of people. Each one has something special to it for which to praise God: and the entire groups - the immense multitudes, as such - should join in one chorus of praise.
4
Psalm 148:4
简体中文
天上的天——所指的，是一层诸天高过另一层诸天的观念。参 Psalm 68:33 的注释。见 1 Kings 8:27："看哪，天和天上的天，尚且不足你居住。"另参 2 Chronicles 2:6。
天上的水——参 Genesis 1:7："神就造出空气，将空气以下的水、空气以上的水分开了。"这里所论的，是那些似乎在较低诸天——即空气——之上的水，它们似乎来自某个更高的区域——某个更高的诸天。参 Psalm 104:3 的注释："在水中立楼阁的栋梁。"
英文原文
Praise him, ye heavens of heavens - Referring to the idea that there is one heaven rising above another. See the notes at Psalm 68:33. See 1 Kings 8:27 : "Behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee." Compare 2 Chronicles 2:6.
And ye waters that be above the heavens - Genesis 1:7 : "And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament." The allusion here is to the waters which seem to be above the lower heaven, that is, the air, and which seem to come from some higher region - some higher heaven. See the notes at Psalm 104:3 : "Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters."
5
Psalm 148:5
简体中文
愿这些都赞美耶和华的名——即愿它们赞美耶和华自己——名常常用来指所论到的那位或那物本身。
因他一吩咐便都造成——他仅以说话就显明了他的大能，万物便立即进入了存在。参 Psalm 33:6 的注释；Psalm 33:9 的注释。
英文原文
Let them praise the name of the Lord - That is, Let them praise Yahweh himself - the name being often put for the person or thing referred to.
For he commanded, and they were created - He showed his great power by merely speaking, and they came at once into being. Compare Psalm 33:6, note; Psalm 33:9, note.
6
Psalm 148:6
简体中文
他将这些立定，直到永永远远——他使它们坚固、稳定、恒久。它们可以永存，这是可能的；它们不会永存，没有人能证明。物质一经造成，并无必然衰残或湮灭的倾向；而那已经历了亿万年岁的宇宙——星辰、太阳、诸天体系统——仍可继续存在亿万个世代。当然，这一切都系于神的旨意。关于这段经文的意思，参较 Psalm 119:90 的注释；Psalm 72:5 的注释；Psalm 89:2 的注释；Psalm 89:36-37 的注释。并见 2 Peter 3:7 的注释；2 Peter 3:10 的注释；2 Peter 3:13 的注释。
他定了命，不能废去——他赐下了一条它们不能逾越的法律或定例。这里译作“命”的词，似乎是在界限或边界的意义上使用的；其意是：他以固定的法则约束它们；他确立了它们必须遵守的定律。事实是，就它们而言，他确立了大定律——如引力定律——使它们不致飞散；他划定了它们运行的轨道；他如此约束它们，使它们在他所指定的路径上毫厘不爽地完成运转。它们的运行如此精确，以致可以分毫不差地预测；又如此恒定，任何世代的更迭都不能改变或影响它们。
英文原文
He hath also stablished them forever and ever - He has made them firm, stable, enduring. That they may be eternal is possible; that they will not be, no one can prove. Matter, when created, has no necessary tendency to decay or annihilation; and the universe - the stars, and suns, and systems - which have endured so many million of ages may continue to exist any number of million of ages to come. Of course, however, all this is dependent on the will of God. On the meaning of this passage, compare Psalm 119:90, note; Psalm 72:5, note; Psalm 89:2, note; Psalm 89:36-37, note. See also 2 Peter 3:7, note; 2 Peter 3:10, note; 2 Peter 3:13, note.
He hath made a decree which shall not pass - He has given a law or statute which they cannot pass. The word rendered decree here seems to be used in the sense of limit or bound; and the idea is, that he has bound them by a fixed law; he has established laws which they are compelled to observe. The fact is, in regard to them, that he has established great laws - as the law of gravitation - by which they are held from flying off; he has marked out orbits in which they move; he has so bound them that they perform their revolutions with unerring accuracy in the very path which he has prescribed. So accurate are their movements that they can be predicted with exact precision; and so uniform, that any succession of ages does not vary or affect them.
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Psalm 148:7
简体中文
从地上赞美耶和华——即从居住在地上者中间赞美他。愿属于地的一切也都联合赞美神。
大鱼——关于这个词的意义，见 Psalm 91:13 注；Isaiah 13:22 注。这个词可以指大鱼、鲸鱼、海怪，或蛇。这里看来是指鲸类与海怪。见 Revelation 12:3 的注释。
和一切深洋——指海洋深处的一切。不仅“大鱼”或海怪，而是栖息于洋海中的一切。
Psalm 148:7-12.（参 1 Chronicles 16:31；Habakkuk 3:10-11。）
利巴嫩的香柏树——（见 Isaiah 10:34 注）。利巴嫩的香柏树以建筑用材著称；巴比伦王很可能曾从那山取得木料，用来在巴比伦建造宫殿。如今这些树被描绘为因他倾倒而欢乐，因为它们从此可以安然无扰。类似的修辞手法见于维吉尔（Virgil）《牧歌》（Ecl.）第五首 68 行：
“和平，和平，为温和的达夫尼斯所爱； 未经耕种的山峦以欢呼声 敲响回荡的长空； 岩石与塔楼把凯旋传遍四方—— ‘他是神！墨那尔卡斯！达夫尼斯是神！’”
——兰厄姆（Wrangham）
这是一个优美的修辞，也是希伯来诗歌的绝佳范例：万物都被赋予生命，充满生气。
自从你仆倒——意即：自从你死了。
再无人上来砍伐我们——意即：没有砍伐我们的人了。乔伊特（Jowett）在《Chris. Res.》中记下他访问黎巴嫩时论及这段经文的话：“我们经过位于代尔埃尔卡拉特（Deir-el-Karat）与艾内普（Ainep）之间那片广袤的冷杉林时，老远就听见一把孤独的斧子砍击的声音，从这座山传响到那座山。到了那里，我们见到一个农夫，他的劳作已颇有成效，砍倒了他的树，修去了枝子。他正在把树从中间劈开，好让两半在骆驼背上保持平衡；骆驼耐心地站在旁边等候驮载。在推罗王希兰的时代，以及后来巴比伦诸王在位的日子，这处诗意的幽境并不这般宁静。以赛亚赋予这些树木声音、使它们因那毁灭列国者的倾覆而欢欣——那极富诗意的意象，如今几乎再度成为现实：‘松树和利巴嫩的香柏树都因你欢乐，说：自从你仆倒，再无人上来砍伐我们。’”
英文原文
Praise the Lord from the earth - From among those who dwell on the earth. In respect to terrestrial objects, let these also unite in the praise of God.
Ye dragons - On the meaning of this word, see Psalm 91:13, note; Isaiah 13:22, note. The word may mean a great fish, a whale, a sea monster, or a serpent. It would seem to refer here to whales and sea monsters. See the notes at Revelation 12:3.
And all deeps - All that are in the depths of the sea. Not merely the "dragons" or sea monsters, but all that inhabit the oceans.
Psalm 148:7-12.(Compare 1 Chronicles 16:31; Habakkuk 3:10-11.)
The cedars of Lebanon - (note, Isaiah 10:34). The cedars of Lebanon were much celebrated for building; and it is not impossible that the king of Babylon had obtained timber from that mountain with which to construct his palaces at Babylon. They are now represented as rejoicing that he is fallen, since they would be safe and undisturbed. A similar figure of speech occurs in Virgil, "Ecl." v. 68:
Peace, peace, mild Daphnis loves; with joyous cry.
The untill'd mountains strike the echoing sky;
And rocks and towers the triumph spread abroad -
'A god! Menalcas! Daphnis is a god!'
Wrangham
It is a beautiful figure; and is a fine specimen of the poetry of the Hebrews, where everything is animated, and full of life.
Since thou art laid down - Since thou art dead.
No feller - No one to cut us down. Jowett ("Chris. Res.") makes the following remarks on this passage on his visit to Lebanon: 'As we passed through the extensive forest of fir trees situated between Deir-el-Karat and Ainep, we had already heard, at some distance, the stroke of one solitary axe, resounding from hill to hill. On reaching the spot, we found a peasant, whose labor had been so far successful, that he had felled his tree and lopped his branches. He was now hewing it in the middle, so as to balance the two halves upon his camel, which stood patiently by him waiting for his load. In the days of Hiram, king of Tyre, and subsequently under the kings of Babylon, this romantic solitude was not so peaceful; that most poetic image in Isaiah, who makes these very trees vocal, exulting in the downfall of the destroyer of nations, seems now to be almost realized anew - "Yea, the fir trees rejoice at thee, and the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down, no feller is come up against us."'
8
Psalm 148:8
简体中文
火与冰雹 - 指伴随冰雹而来的火，即闪电。见 Psalm 18:12。
雪和雾气 - 指雪与云。这两样被连在一起、或一同呈现在心中，并非不自然。
成就他命的狂风 - 指暴风，狂飙。
成就他命的 - 即顺服他的命令，成就他的旨意。愿那看似几乎不受任何控制的狂风，借显明它何等顺服他的旨意、何等精确地执行他的设计，来述说对他的赞美。它对他的律法完全的顺服——它虽看似如此猛烈、狂暴、无法无天，却何等精确地执行他的计划，又在他命令时止息——实际上是一种赞美或臣服的行动，因为它宣告了他的威严、他的至高和他的大能。关于这里所表达的情感，比较 Psalm 107:29 的注释；Psalm 89:9 的注释。
英文原文
Fire, and hail - Fire, when accompanied by hail; that is, the lightning. See Psalm 18:12.
Snow, and vapors - Snow and clouds. It was not unnatural that these should be combined, or suggested together to the mind.
Stormy wind - The storm; the tempest.
Fulfilling his word - Obeying his command; accomplishing his purpose. Let the storm-wind, which seems to be so little under any control, speak his praise by showing how obedient it is to his will, and how exactly it carries out his designs. Its perfect submission to his laws - the exactness with which, though apparently so fierce, raging, and lawless, it carries out his plans, and pauses when he commands it - is in fact an act of praise or homage, as it proclaims his majesty, his supremacy, and his power. On the sentiment here expressed, compare Psalm 107:29, note; Psalm 89:9, note.
9
Psalm 148:9
简体中文
大山和小山——因为它们属于地上最高之物，把它们的头抬得最接近诸天。
结果的树木和一切香柏树——结果的树木，不是与不结果的树相对，而是与林木相对，即那些本性不结果子的树。在后一类中，香柏树最为出众，因此成为全类的代表。
英文原文
Mountains, and all hills - As being among the loftiest objects of earth, raising their heads highest toward the heavens.
Fruitful trees, and all cedars - Fruitful trees, not as distinguished from those which are barren, but as distinguished from forest-trees, those whose nature is that they do not bear fruit. Of the latter, the cedar was the most prominent, and, therefore, is made the representative of the whole.
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Psalm 148:10
简体中文
野兽和一切牲畜——指野兽与驯畜；那些在林间漫游的，以及那些被驯化为人服务的。正如果树与香柏树可以包括一切的树，这里的“野兽和牲畜”也可以包括一切野生的与驯养的动物。
昆虫和飞鸟——页边注与希伯来文一样，作“有翅膀的飞鸟”。这两者被归在一起的理由，与果树和香柏树、野兽和牲畜被归在一起的理由相同——为了涵盖全体。这表达包括了最高与最低的；那些远腾于地面之上的，以及那些在地上爬行的。译作“昆虫”（爬行之物）的词本应包括一切在地上爬行的小动物：既有四足或多足的，如老鼠、蜥蜴、螃蟹等；也有无足而伏地滑行、拖行的，如虫与蛇（参格塞尼乌斯（Gesenius）的《词典》（Lexicon））。这些卑微的受造之物，也以其低微的境况和谦卑的方式，蒙召加入那普世赞颂的大合唱。它们成全了受造的目的，就必与至高的受造之物一同，述说神的智慧、大能与良善。
英文原文
Beasts, and all cattle - Wild beasts and tame; those which roam the forest, and those which have been domesticated for the service of man. As fruitful trees and cedars might include all the trees, so the "beasts and cattle" here might include the whole of those that were wild and tamed.
Creeping things, and flying fowl - Margin, as in Hebrew, Birds of wing. These are grouped together for a reason similar to that for which fruitful trees and cedars, and beasts and cattle, are grouped together, to embrace the whole. The expression embraces the loftiest and lowest; those which ascend farthest above the earth, and those which creep upon its surface. The word rendered creeping things would properly embrace the smaller animals which creep along upon the ground; both those which have four feet or more, as mice, lizards, crabs, etc., and those without feet, which glide or drag themselves upon the ground, as worms and serpents. (Gesenius, Lexicon) These, in their lowly condition, and in their humble way, are called on to unite in the general chorus of praise. Accomplishing the purpose for which they are made, they will, with the most lofty of created beings, contribute to proclaim the wisdom, the power, and the goodness of God.
11
Psalm 148:11
简体中文
世上的君王和万民——这涵盖了所有人，因为掌权者与受治者都被包括在内。
首领和世上一切审判官——指地位崇高的人；指身居高位的人。就其本身而论，这是恰当的，因为他们与其他人一样是人；作为其余众人的榜样，这也是恰当的。任何等级的人都不得豁免赞美神的本分；也没有人被排除在这特权之外。
英文原文
Kings of the earth, and all people - This would embrace all, as all are included in the idea of the rulers and the ruled.
Princes, and all judges of the earth - Those of exalted rank; those high in authority. This is proper in itself considered, as they are people like other people; and proper as an example to the rest. None of any rank are exempt from the obligation to praise God; none are cut off from the privilege.
12
Psalm 148:12
简体中文
少年人和处女 - 就是那些处在生命之晨的人，刚刚踏上人生之路，正在塑造品格：怀着热忱、朝气、欢畅与盼望；愿他们将这一切奉献给神：愿他们情感中的蓬勃、声音中的悦耳、他们的热忱与精力，都用于对神的赞美与事奉。
老年人和孩童 - 老年人带着生命所余的一切，孩童带着所有天真喜乐的一切——愿他们联合起来赞美神。生命临近终结之时，生命刚刚开始之时——愿这一切都献给神。
英文原文
Both young men, and maidens - Those in the morning of life, just entering on their career; just forming their character: with ardor, elasticity, cheerfulness, hope; let them consecrate all this to God: let all that there is in the buoyancy of their feelings, in the melody of their voices, in their ardor and vigor, be employed in the praise and the service of God.
Old men, and children - Old men, with what remains of life, and children, with all that there is of joyousness - let all unite in praising God. Life, as it closes - life, as it begins - let it all be devoted to God.
13
Psalm 148:13
简体中文
愿这些都赞美耶和华的名 - 愿他们赞美耶和华——"名"常被用来指其人。
因为独有他的名被尊崇 - 旁注原文作"高举"，与希伯来文相同。惟有他作为神被高举。见 Psalm 8:1 的注释："耶和华我们的主啊，你的名在全地何其美！"
他的荣耀在天地之上 - 比较 Psalm 113:4 的注释："耶和华超乎万民之上，他的荣耀高过诸天。"另见 Psalm 8:1 的注释："你将你的荣耀彰显于天之上。"
英文原文
Let them praise the name of the Lord - Let them praise Yahweh - the name being often put for the person.
For his name alone is excellent - Margin, as in Hebrew, exalted. He only is exalted as God. See the notes at Psalm 8:1 : "O Lord, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!"
His glory is above the earth and heaven - Compare the notes at Psalm 113:4 : "The Lord is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens." See also the notes at Psalm 8:1 : "Who hast set thy glory above the heavens."
14
Psalm 148:14
简体中文
他将他百姓的角高举 - 他赐给他们权能与昌盛。见 Psalm 89:17 注："因为你喜悦我们，我们的角必被高举。"参 Psalm 92:10；Psalm 112:9。
他一切圣民的赞美 - 就是说，"他为一切圣民兴起了赞美"；或者说，他给了他们赞美的缘由。他如此以特别的怜悯之福赐福他们，以致赞美在他们身上显得格外合宜。
以色列人和与他相近的百姓 - 就是那些被他接纳到自己面前、如同朋友的人；那些被他看为自己子民的人。见 Ephesians 2:13 注；参 Acts 2:39 注。
你们要赞美耶和华 - 即 Hallelu-jah（哈利路亚）。愿万众同声赞美他。
英文原文
He also exalteth the horn of his people - He gives them power and prosperity. See the notes at Psalm 89:17 : "And in thy favor our horn shall be exalted." Compare Psalm 92:10; Psalm 112:9.
The praise of all his saints - That is, "he has raised up praise for all his saints;" or, has given them occasion for praise. He has so blessed them with special mercies as to make praise especially appropriate for them.
Even of the children of Israel, a people near unto him - whom he admits to his presence as his friends; whom he regards as his own. See the notes at Ephesians 2:13; compare the notes at Acts 2:39.
Praise ye the Lord - Hallelu-jah. Let all unite in his praise.
本诗作者不明。其写作的场合，大概与前两篇诗和后两篇诗相同——这几篇诗都以哈利路亚开始并结束。正如前文所述，那场合极可能是被掳之后耶路撒冷的重建和圣殿的奉献。
本诗大体上是呼召宇宙的各个部分来赞美主。它恰当地分为两部分：第一部分（Psalm 148:1-6），这呼召是向诸天——向一切在地面以上的——发出的，要它们赞美耶和华；第二部分（Psalm 148:7-14），这呼召是向地上的一切居民发出的，要他们联合参与这赞美。本诗极为生动而得胜。其语言与情感相称。它配得上最振奋人心、激动灵性的音乐；而这几篇诗——本篇与前两篇及后两篇——在文体上、在情感上、在诗意之美上、在崇高庄严上、在使人心充满高超情感的适配性上，都极其适合用来结束整个汇集——整卷诗篇。对阐释本诗的情感，几乎不需要、也几乎无法再增添什么。