서론
Psalm 93 Introduction
繁體中文
英文原文
The author of this psalm is unknown, and there is nothing by which we can determine this, or its date, or the occasion on which it was written. It seems, from Psalm 93:5, to have been composed with some reference to the sanctuary, and to the service there: "Holiness becometh thine "house," O Lord," and it may have been designed, with the last psalm, to have been used in the place of public worship on the sabbath-day. It would appear, also, from the structure of the psalm, that it was composed in view of some danger which may have threatened the nation from some hostile power Psalm 93:1-4, and that the design was to impart confidence in God, or to keep up the assurance in the mind of the people that God presided over all, and that his kingdom was safe. With this view, it is adapted to inspire confidence in God in all ages, and in all times of danger. In the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, the title is, "The praise of an ode by David, for the day preceding the sabbath, when the earth was founded." The origin of this title is unknown, and it has no authority. There is no evidence that it was composed by David, and the presumption from Psalm 93:5 is that it was composed after the temple was built, and consequently after the death of David.
1
Psalm 93:1
繁體中文
「耶和華作王」——同樣的詩篇開頭也見於 Psalm 97:1-12；Psalm 99:1-9。同樣的思想在聖經中屢見（1 Chronicles 16:31；Psalm 47:8；Isaiah 52:7；Revelation 19:6）。這思想在此似乎是突發的。彷彿詩人一直在默想世上所發生的黑暗之事；四處充斥的奧祕；那些似乎與「世界之上有一公義的治理」這觀念無法調和的事——忽然間，如暴風中的一道閃電，一個意念臨到：耶和華統管萬有，一切都必定無誤。在這一切之中，神坐在寶座上；祂安排萬事；祂向萬有揮動祂的權杖；祂按自己的旨意安排萬事；祂確保自己旨意的成就。
「他以威嚴為衣穿上」——就是說，祂披上、穿著這威嚴；祂以此為衣袍顯現。譯作「威嚴」的字，本義是「高聳」，用於海浪的澎湃（Psalm 89:9），或煙柱的升起（Isaiah 9:18）。這裏的意思是：神是被高舉的；祂顯現的方式足以表明祂應有的尊嚴。參見 Isaiah 6:1 的註釋。
「以能力束腰」——這裏暗指東方人的衣著方式——人在勞作、行走或奔跑時束腰的習俗。參見 Matthew 5:38-41 的註釋。
「世界就堅定」——即是穩固的；立在堅實的根基上。它不能因自然的劇變或人的權力而搖動或毀滅。
「不得動搖」——即不會離開原位；不會被傾覆；不會被毀滅。這話看來是面對某種將臨的災禍而說的，彷彿一切都將被席捲而去。詩人以這思想自慰：世界已堅立；沒有一場風暴或颶風能猛烈到把它挪離原位。這安慰的根據，在於神所定規之事本質上的穩固。
英文原文
The Lord reigneth - The same commencement of a psalm occurs in Psalm 97:1-12; Psalm 99:1-9. The same idea is often found in the Scriptures. 1 Chronicles 16:31; Psalm 47:8; Isaiah 52:7; Revelation 19:6. The thought seems abrupt here. It would appear as if the psalmist had been meditating on the dark things which occur in the world; the mysteries which abound; the things which seem irreconcilable with the idea that there is a just government over the world, and that suddenly the idea occurs, as a flash of lightning in a storm, that Yahweh reigns over all, and that all must be right. Amidst all these things God sits upon the throne; he orders all events; he sways his scepter over all; he orders all things according to his own will; he secures the accomplishment of his own purposes.
He is clothed with majesty - That is, he puts on, or wears this; he appears in this as a garb, or robe. The word rendered "majesty" means properly "loftiness," and is applied to the swelling of the sea Psalm 89:9, or to a column of smoke, Isaiah 9:18. The idea here is, that God is exalted; and that he appears in such a manner as to indicate his proper dignity. See the notes at Isaiah 6:1.
The Lord is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself - There is an allusion here to the mode of dress among the Orientals - the custom of girding the loins when one labored, or walked, or ran. See the notes at Matthew 5:38-41.
The world also is stablished - Is firm; is on a solid foundation. It cannot be shaken or destroyed by natural convulsions, or by the power of man.
That it cannot be moved - Moved out of its place; overthrown; destroyed. This seems to have been spoken in view of some impending calamity, as if everything were to be swept away. The psalmist consoles himself with the thought that the world was firmly established; that no storm or tempest could be so violent as to remove it out of its place. The ground of consolation is the essential stability of what God has ordained.
2
Psalm 93:2
繁體中文
「你的寶座從太初立定」——無論發生何事，神的寶座都是穩固的。它決不能被撼動。它從永恆就已立定。它經歷了宇宙中所發生的一切動盪與變遷，仍然屹立；並且必永遠堅立。無論甚麼都會改變，惟獨它永不動搖；只要它不改變，我們就有安全感與盼望的根基。倘若「它」被搖動，一切就都完了。此處旁註按希伯來文作「從那時」：但意思是「從太初」；即從最古的時候；也就是下一句「從亙古」所指的時期。
「你從亙古就有」——從永恆；你一直存在；你是永不改變的（Psalm 90:1）。
英文原文
Thy throne is established of old - Whatever might occur, the throne of God was firm. That could not be moved. It had been set up from all eternity. It had stood through all the convulsions and changes which had occurred in the universe; and it would stand firm forever. Whatever might change, that was immovable; and as long as that is unchanged we have a ground of security and hope. Should "that" be moved, all would be gone. The margin here is, as in Hebrew, "from then:" but it means "of old;" from the most ancient times; that is, from the period indicated by the next clause, "from everlasting."
Thou art from everlasting - From all eternity; thou hast always existed; thou art ever the same Psalm 90:1.
3
Psalm 93:3
繁體中文
「耶和華啊，大水揚起，大水發聲」——此處譯作「大水」的詞，本義為河流，繼而可指任何水體。此處的「聲」一詞，是指狂風激盪的水、或浪濤拍岸時所發的轟響。參閱 Psalm 42:7 的註釋。
「波浪澎湃」——彷彿要捲走一切。此處暗指某種災禍或危險，其勢力與兇猛可比擬海洋狂暴的巨浪。這若是指風暴中的海洋本身，那麼本詩或許便是作者站在海岸上、看著海浪拍擊海岸時的沉思。人若這樣望著滾滾湧向海岸的波濤，便覺得它們彷彿在發怒；彷彿要捲走一切；彷彿岸上的磐石也抵擋不住它們。然而它們有其界限。它們耗盡其力；它們破碎，退去，彷彿要重振其勢，然後又以同樣的結果重新進擊。但它們的能力是有限的。巖石的海岸紋絲不動。大地長存。神在一切之上。他的寶座毫不動搖。元素的任何暴烈都不能影響它；在他的統治之下，一切都安穩。
耶和華啊，大水揚起，
大水揚起它的波浪。
耶利米對巴比倫的傾覆也有類似的描述（Jeremiah 50:32；Jeremiah 51:8）；約翰在記述奧祕之巴比倫被傾覆時也沿用了這一描述（Revelation 18:1-2）。巴比倫以驕傲、狂妄、自大著稱。因此它成了一切驕傲者的表徵，約翰在啟示錄中便是這樣使用它；它也因此成了教皇制的羅馬素來顯出的驕傲、狂妄、自大與欺壓最鮮明的表徵。
「一切雕刻的神像」——巴比倫以偶像崇拜著稱，或許正是偶像崇拜開始之地。那裏所敬拜的主要神明是彼勒（Belus），即伯勒（Bel）（見 Isaiah 46:1 的註釋）。
「都打碎了……」——即必被毀滅；或說儘管有它的諸偶像，全城仍必傾覆。
英文原文
The floods have lifted up, O Lord, the floods have lifted up their voice - The word here rendered "floods," means properly rivers, and then it may be applied to any waters. The word voice here refers to the noise of raging waters when they are agitated by the winds, or when they dash on the shore. See the notes at Psalm 42:7.
The floods lift up their waves - As if they would sweep everything away. The allusion here is to some calamity or danger which might, in its strength and violence, be compared with the wild and raging waves of the ocean. Or if it refers literally to the ocean in a storm, then the psalm may have been the reflections of the author as he stood on the shore of the sea, and saw the waves beat and dash against the shore. To one thus looking upon the billows as they roll in toward the shore, it seems as if they were angry; as if they intended to sweep everything away; as if the rocks of the shore could not resist them. Yet they have their bounds. They spend their strength; they break, and retire as if to recover their force, and then they renew their attack with the same result. But their power is limited. The rocky shore is unmoved. The earth abides. God is over all. His throne is unshaken. No violence of the elements can affect that; and, under his dominion, all is secure.
The floods have lifted up, O Lord;
The floods have lifted up their waves.
A similar description is given of the fall of Babylon in Jeremiah 50:32; Jeremiah 51:8; and John has copied this description in the account of the overthrow of the mystical Babylon Revelation 18:1-2. Babylon was distinguished for its pride, arrogance, and haughtiness. It became, therefore, the emblem of all that is haughty, and as such is used by John in the Apocalypse; and as such it was a most striking emblem of the pride, arrogance, haughtiness, and oppression which have always been evinced by Papal Rome.
And all the graven images - Babylon was celebrated for its idolatry, and perhaps was the place where the worship of idols commenced. The principal god worshipped there was Belus, or Bel (see the note at Isaiah 46:1).
Are broken ... - That is, shall be destroyed; or, in spite of its idols, the whole city would be ruined.
4
Psalm 93:4
繁體中文
「耶和華在高處大有能力，勝過諸水的響聲」——意思是：祂比那些水更有能力；祂能管轄它們。見 Psalm 65:7 的註釋；Job 38:11 的註釋。此處原文的思路更急促，更有力、更強調：「比諸水的聲音——眾多——強大——洋海的巨浪——在高處的乃是耶和華。」祂在那些巨浪與波濤之上；比它們全都強大。它們只能前進到祂所許可的地步；到了祂命令的時候與地方，它們就必止住。神這樣統管、控制海洋的波浪——很少有別的事比這更能說明神的能力與威嚴了。
「勝過洋海的大浪」——這裏的原文與我們所說的「碎浪」一詞恰好相合——就是在海灘上「破碎」的巨浪。
英文原文
The Lord on high is mightier than the noise of many waters - That is, he is more powerful than those waters; he is able to control them. See Psalm 65:7, note; Job 38:11, note. The original here is more rapid in the course of the thought; more emphatic and forcible: "More than the voice of waters - many - mighty - the breakers of the sea - in the high place is Jehovah." He is over all those billows and breakers; more mighty than they all. They can proceed no further than he permits; they will be stayed when and where he commands. We can conceive of few things which more illustrate the power and the majesty of God than the fact that he thus presides over, and controls, the waves of the ocean.
Yea, than the mighty waves of the sea - The original word here corresponds precisely with our word "breakers" - the mighty waves that "break" on the beach.
5
Psalm 93:5
繁體中文
「你的法度最的確」——指你所見證的一切；你已證實或宣告為真的一切。這包括神所說的「一切」——祂的律法、祂的應許、祂的誡命、祂的預言，以及祂對已發生和將要發生之事的陳述。參 Psalm 19:7 的註釋。
「你的殿永稱為聖，是合宜的」——本詩篇似是為在聖所中作為公眾敬拜的一部分而寫的；這裏的「聖潔」一詞，似乎指對神應有的敬畏、對祂的信靠、一種脫離一切疑惑與一切不潔的心境。或許這裏還含有這樣的觀念：在世事一切動盪之中，在一切威脅要傾覆真理與公義的事中，在對神聖治理的一切攻擊中，在錯謬辯護者的一切努力中，在罪惡氾濫之際，教會應當堅守「聖潔」的原則，堅守那正確真實的道。應當有一個地方——教會——在那裏對真理與聖潔毫無動搖；有一個地方，無論外界風波如何，真理都得到護衛。因此，本詩篇的主要觀念是：鑑於神作王，沒有任何事物能挫敗祂的計劃、搖動祂的寶座，我們就當存敬畏、存謙卑的信靠、存真誠純潔的心來到祂面前。
再者，就更廣的意義——就所能想到最廣的意義——而論，「聖潔」、純淨、脫離惡念、脫離淫邪的眼目與淫邪的想像、脫離不聖潔的計謀與目的，確實應當盛行於神的家中，並應被視為正當敬拜所不可或缺的。天既是純淨的，「凡不潔淨的，並那行可憎與虛謊之事的，總不得進那城」（Revelation 21:27），照樣，在我們尋求為那聖潔世界作預備的地方——神的聖所——凡不潔而能玷污的、凡趨於敗壞或玷污心靈的，都不可容其進入。還可以補充說，出席公眾敬拜的場所，正能使人內心純淨，將不聖潔的意念與企圖從心靈中驅逐。一個自覺身處聖潔之神面前的人，不太可能歡迎污穢的形像和不聖潔的私慾進入他的心靈。
「永」——邊註按希伯來文作「日子長久」。其意是：這在任何時候都是合宜的。參 Psalm 23:6 的註釋。
英文原文
Thy testimonies are very sure - All that thou hast borne witness to; all that thou hast affirmed or declared to be true. This would embrace "all that" God has spoken, whether his law, his promises, his commands, his prophecies, or his statements of what has occurred and of what will occur. See the notes at Psalm 19:7.
Holiness becometh thine house, O Lord - The psalm seems to have been intended to be used in the sanctuary, as a part of public worship, and the word "holiness" here would seem to mean a proper respect for God; confidence in him; a state of mind free from all doubt, and from all that is impure. Perhaps there may be here, also, the idea that in all the convulsions of the world; in all that threatens to overthrow truth and righteousness; in all the attacks which are made on the divine government; in all the efforts of the defenders of error, and in the midst of abounding iniquity, the church should maintain a firm adherence to the principles of "holiness," to that which is right and true. There should be one place - the church - where there would be no wavering in regard to truth and holiness; one place, where the truth would be defended whatever commotions might be abroad. The main idea, therefore, in the psalm is, that, in view of the fact that God reigns, and that nothing can frustrate his plans, or disturb his throne, we should approach him with reverence, with humble trust, with sincere and pure hearts.
In a larger sense, also, in the largest sense conceivable - it is true that "holiness," purity, freedom from evil thoughts, from a wanton eye and a wanton imagination, from unholy plans and purposes, should prevail in the house of God, and should be regarded as indispensable to proper worship. As heaven is pure, and as there shall enter there nothing "that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination or maketh a lie" Revelation 21:27, so in the place where we seek to prepare for that holy world - the sanctuary of God - nothing should be allowed to enter that is impure and polluting; nothing that tends to corrupt or defile the soul. It may be added, that attendance in a place of public worship is calculated to make the heart pure, and to banish unholy thoughts and purposes from the soul. A man who feels that he is in the presence of a holy God, will not be likely to welcome into his soul polluted images and unholy desires.
Forever - Margin, as in Hebrew, "to length of days." The idea is, that it is always appropriate. See the notes at Psalm 23:6.
這篇詩的作者不詳，也沒有任何憑據可藉以判定這一點、其日期、或其寫作的緣由。從 Psalm 93:5 看來，它似乎是與聖所及其中敬拜的事相關而寫的：「耶和華啊，你的殿永稱為聖，是合宜的」；它也可能與前一篇詩一樣，是為安息日在公眾崇拜的場所使用而作的。再者，從這篇詩的結構看來，它是在某種危險——也許是某敵對勢力對全國的威脅——之下寫成的（Psalm 93:1-4），其目的在於傳遞對神的信靠，或說是要持守百姓心中的確信：神掌管萬有，祂的國穩妥無虞。基於這一目的，它適合在歷世歷代、在一切危難之時，激發人對神的信靠。在七十士譯本與拉丁文武加大譯本中，其標題為「大衛之詩歌的頌讚，為安息日前一日、大地立定之時而作」。這標題的來源不明，也沒有權威可言。沒有證據顯示這篇詩出於大衛之手；而從 Psalm 93:5 推斷，它應是寫於聖殿建成之後，因而也是在大衛去世之後。