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1Jo 4:1-21.
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英文原文
1Jo 4:1-21.
TESTS OF FALSE PROPHETS. LOVE, THE TEST OF BIRTH FROM GOD, AND THE NECESSARY FRUIT OF KNOWING HIS GREAT LOVE IN CHRIST TO US.
1. Beloved--the affectionate address wherewith he calls their attention, as to an important subject.
every spirit--which presents itself in the person of a prophet. The Spirit of truth, and the spirit of error, speak by men's spirits as their organs. There is but one Spirit of truth, and one spirit of Antichrist.
try--by the tests
(1Jo 4:2, 3).
All believers are to do so: not merely ecclesiastics. Even an angel's message should be tested by the word of God: much more men's teachings, however holy the teachers may seem.
because, &c.--the reason why we must "try," or test the spirits.
many false prophets--not "prophets" in the sense "foretellers," but organs of the spirit that inspires them, teaching accordingly either truth or error: "many Antichrists."
are gone out--as if from God.
into the world--said alike of good and bad prophets
(2Jo 7).
The world is easily seduced
(1Jo 4:4, 5).
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2. 藉此——"在此里面"。
认神的灵——分辨那灵是否在那班自称受他感动的教师里面。
凡灵——即每一位自称受圣灵感动的教师。
认——真理被视为已经确立。人所当行的乃是认它，即在他的教导中公开宣认。
耶稣基督是成了肉身来的——一同承认的双重真理：耶稣是基督，并且他来了（希腊文完成时不仅暗示一个过去的历史事实，如不定过去时所会，而且暗示该事实及其福祉效应的持续）成了肉身（"披上了肉身"：不是如幻影派（Docetae）后来所教导的仅仅表面的人性：所以他从前是远超肉身的某位）。他的肉身暗示他为我们死——因为只有成为肉身才能死（因为作为神他不能死），来 2:9, 10, 14, 16；他的死暗示他爱我们（约 15:13）。否认他的肉身的真实性，就是否认他的爱，从而丢弃在信徒一方结出一切真爱的根（约一 4:9-11, 19）。罗马教会因童贞女马利亚的无沾成胎（immaculate conception）教义，否定了基督真实的人性。
英文原文
2. Hereby--"Herein."
know . . . the Spirit of God--whether he be, or not, in those teachers professing to be moved by Him.
Every spirit--that is, Every teacher claiming inspiration by the HOLY SPIRIT.
confesseth--The truth is taken for granted as established. Man is required to confess it, that is, in his teaching to profess it openly.
Jesus Christ is come in the flesh--a twofold truth confessed, that Jesus is the Christ, and that He is come (the Greek perfect tense implies not a mere past historical fact, as the aorist would, but also the present continuance of the fact and its blessed effects) in the flesh ("clothed with flesh": not with a mere seeming humanity, as the Docetæ afterwards taught: He therefore was, previously, something far above flesh). His flesh implies His death for us, for only by assuming flesh could He die (for as God He could not),
Heb 2:9, 10, 14, 16;
and His death implies His LOVE for us
(Joh 15:13).
To deny the reality of His flesh is to deny His love, and so cast away the root which produces all true love on the believer's part
(1Jo 4:9-11, 19).
Rome, by the doctrine of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, denies Christ's proper humanity.
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3. 不认耶稣——这是假教师和谬妄之灵的标记。基督是成了肉身来的，承认或不认这一点是分辨诸灵的标准（约一 4:2）。
不认——即在他的教导中拒绝持守这道。
基督是成了肉身来的——这是肉身层面救恩的核心：基督若不成为肉身，就不能为我们死。
不是出于神——因此是出于那敌基督的灵。
这是那敌基督者——其本质特征即"不认父与子"（约一 2:22）。
你们听见他要来——使徒们曾预言敌基督者要来（约一 2:18），如今他已经在世上了。
英文原文
3. confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh--IRENÆUS [3.8], LUCIFER, ORIGEN, on
Mt 25:14,
and Vulgate read, "Every spirit which destroys (sets aside, or does away with) Jesus (Christ)." CYPRIAN and POLYCARP support English Version text. The oldest extant manuscripts, which are, however, centuries after POLYCARP, read, "Every spirit that confesseth not (that is, refuses to confess) Jesus" (in His person, and all His offices and divinity), omitting "is come in the flesh."
ye have heard--from your Christian teachers.
already is it in the world--in the person of the false prophets
(1Jo 4:1).
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4. 小子们哪——信中常用的亲昵称呼（约一 2:1, 12, 13, 18, 28）。
那在你们里面的——神的灵，比那在世界上的更大。
胜了他们——希腊文是过去时（"已经胜了"），因信徒凭信心已胜过那些假教师及其背后的敌基督之灵。
因为那在你们里面的，比那在世界上的更大——圣灵胜过魔鬼，因此信徒在基督里已得胜。
英文原文
4. Ye--emphatical: YE who confess Jesus: in contrast to "them," the false teachers.
overcome them--
(1Jo 5:4, 5);
instead of being "overcome and brought into (spiritual) bondage" by them
(2Pe 2:19).
Joh 10:8, 5,
"the sheep did not hear them": "a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers."
he that is in you--God, of whom ye are.
he that is in the word--the spirit of Antichrist, the devil, "the prince of this world."
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5. 他们——那些假教师（约一 4:1, 3）。
属世界的——源于世界，与世界相合。
所以——因为他们的信息与世界的精神相合。
论世界的事——希腊文，"出于世界的"——其内容和方式迎合世界的口味和趣味。
世人也听他们——世界的听众与世界的教师相称（约一 4:4-6）。
英文原文
5. of the world--They derive their spirit and teaching from the world, "unregenerate human nature, ruled over and possessed by Satan, the prince of this world" [ALFORD].
speak they of the word--They draw the matter of their conversation from the life, opinions, and feelings of the world.
the world heareth them--
(Joh 15:18, 19).
The world loves its own.
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6. 我们是属神的——希腊文，"出于神的"。
认识神的——希腊文，"那得以认识神的"，即有此认识的人。
听我们——即听从使徒所传的真理（约一 1:1-3）。
不属神的人——希腊文，"那不出于神的"，即与神无生命关系的人。
不听我们——他们不听使徒，正是因为他们不属于神。
从此——希腊文，"从此事上"，即从听或不听使徒的真理这事上。
真理的灵和谬妄的灵——希腊文，"那真理之灵和那谬妄之灵"。二者都是单数且带冠词：真理之灵只有一位（圣灵），谬妄之灵也只有一位（魔鬼，约一 4:3-4）。分辨的方法不在于教师自许的灵感，而在于其教导是否与使徒的真理相符。
英文原文
6. We--true teachers of Christ: in contrast to them.
are of God--and therefore speak of God: in contrast to "speak they of the world,"
1Jo 4:5.
knoweth God--as his Father, being a child "of God"
(1Jo 2:13, 14).
heareth us--Compare
Joh 18:37,
"Every one that is of the truth, heareth My voice."
Hereby--
(1Jo 4:2-6);
by their confessing, or not confessing, Jesus; by the kind of reception given them respectively by those who know God, and by those who are of the world and not of God.
spirit of truth--the Spirit which comes from God and teaches truth.
spirit of error--the spirit which comes from Satan and seduces into error.
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7. 亲爱的弟兄啊——约翰以爱来劝勉他们要彼此相爱。
我们应当彼此相爱——这不是一条新的命令，而是从起初所受的（约一 3:11）。
因为爱是从神来的——希腊文，"那爱是出于神的"。
凡有爱心的，都是由神而生，并且认识神——爱是重生和认识神的凭据。圣灵将爱——爱的初果——浇灌在人心里。
英文原文
7. Resumption of the main theme
(1Jo 2:29).
Love, the sum of righteousness, is the test of our being born of God. Love flows from a sense of God's love to us: compare
1Jo 4:9 with 1Jo 3:16,
which
1Jo 4:9
resumes; and
1Jo 4:13 with 1Jo 3:24,
which similarly
1Jo 4:13
resumes. At the same time,
1Jo 4:7-21
is connected with the immediately preceding context,
1Jo 4:2
setting forth Christ's incarnation, the great proof of God's love
(1Jo 4:10).
Beloved--an address appropriate to his subject, "love."
love--All love is from God as its fountain: especially that embodiment of love, God manifest in the flesh. The Father also is love
(1Jo 4:8).
The Holy Ghost sheds love as its first fruit abroad in the heart.
knoweth God--spiritually, experimentally, and habitually.
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8. 不认识的——希腊文不定过去时：不仅现在不认识，而且从不认识，从未一次永远地认识神。
神就是爱——希腊文中"爱"前无冠词，"神"前有冠词；所以我们不能译作"爱就是神"。神根本地、本质上就是爱：不仅是有爱的——否则约翰的论证就不能成立；因为那样的结论只是"这人没有爱；神有爱；所以就神是有爱的这方面而言，他不认识神"——他仍可以在神的其他属性中认识他。但当我们把爱视为神的本质时，论证就成立了：这人不爱，因此不认识爱；神本质上就是爱，所以他不认识神。
英文原文
8. knoweth not--Greek aorist: not only knoweth not now, but never knew, has not once for all known God.
God is love--There is no Greek article to love, but to God; therefore we cannot translate, Love is God. God is fundamentally and essentially LOVE: not merely is loving, for then John's argument would not stand; for the conclusion from the premises then would be this, This man is not loving: God is loving; therefore he knoweth not God IN SO FAR AS GOD IS LOVING; still he might know Him in His other attributes. But when we take love as God's essence, the argument is sound: This man doth not love, and therefore knows not love: God is essentially love, therefore he knows not God.
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9. 差——希腊文，"已经差"。
到他儿子——希腊文，"差"。
到世间来——这是反驳索西尼派（Socinians）的证据，证明子在"被差到世间来"之前已经存在。否则他也不能作我们的生命（约一 4:9），我们的"挽回祭"（约一 4:10），或我们的"救主"（约一 4:14）。
神"差他的独生子，使我们借着他得生"——他就是生命，并且赎回了我们所失丧的生命——这是神之爱的伟大证据，也是我们彼此相爱的伟大动机。
英文原文
9. toward us--Greek, "in our case."
sent--Greek, "hath sent."
into the world--a proof against Socinians, that the Son existed before He was "sent into the world." Otherwise, too, He could not have been our life
(1Jo 4:9),
our "propitiation"
(1Jo 4:10),
or our "Saviour"
(1Jo 4:14).
It is the grand proof of God's love, His having sent "His only-begotten Son, that we might live through Him," who is the Life, and who has redeemed our forfeited life; and it is also the grand motive to our mutual love.
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10. 爱就在此——抽象意义的爱：在其最高理念中的爱就在此。爱全部在神一方，我们一方没有。
不是我们爱神——虽然他是全然配得爱的。
他爱我们——虽然我们是全然不配得爱的。希腊文不定过去时表达：不是我们曾经对神行了任何爱的举动，而是他行了爱我们的举动——差遣基督。
英文原文
10. Herein is love--love in the abstract: love, in its highest ideal, is herein. The love was all on God's side, none on ours.
not that we loved God--though so altogether worthy of love.
he loved us--though so altogether unworthy of love. The Greek aorist expresses, Not that we did any act of love at any time to God, but that He did the act of love to us in sending Christ.
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11. 神对我们的爱是我们彼此相爱的伟大动机（约一 3:16）。
若——正如我们都承认为事实的那样。
我们也当——因为我们从神而生，因此像我们的父——他就是爱——那样。我们越领悟神对我们的爱，我们就越爱他，也越爱弟兄们——同一位神（借重生）所生的儿女，看不见的神的代表。
英文原文
11. God's love to us is the grand motive for our love to one another
(1Jo 3:16).
if--as we all admit as a fact.
we . . . also--as being born of God, and therefore resembling our Father who is love. In proportion as we appreciate God's love to us, we love Him and also the brethren, the children (by regeneration) of the same God, the representatives of the unseen God.
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12. 从来没有人在任何时候看见过的神，已经立了他的儿女作我们从对他的爱所流露的外在恩慈的可见接受者——他我们是"没有看见过却爱"的，比较约一 4:11, 19, 20注释。
所以约一 4:12解释了为什么在约一 4:11他不说"神既如此爱我们，我们也当爱神"，而是说"我们也当彼此相爱"。
我们若彼此相爱，神就住在我们里面——因为神就是爱；我们对弟兄的真实之爱，必定是从住在我们里面的他那里汲取的（约一 4:8, 16）。约翰在约一 4:13-16讨论这一点。
他的爱——更当译作"对他的爱"（约一 2:5），借着我们对他代表者——我们弟兄——的爱来证明。
在我们里面得以完全——约翰在约一 4:17-19讨论这一点。比较约一 2:5"得以完全"——即达到其应有的成熟。
英文原文
12. God, whom no man hath seen at any time, hath appointed His children as the visible recipients of our outward kindness which flows from love to Himself, "whom not having seen, we love," compare Notes,
1Jo 4:11,
1Jo 4:19, 20.
Thus
1Jo 4:12
explains why, instead (in
1Jo 4:11)
of saying, "If God so loved us, we ought also to love God," he said, "We ought also to love one another."
If we love one another, God dwelleth in us--for God is love; and it must have been from Him dwelling in us that we drew the real love we bear to the brethren
(1Jo 4:8, 16).
John discusses this in
1Jo 4:13-16.
his love--rather, "the love of Him," that is, "to Him"
(1Jo 2:5),
evinced by our love to His representatives, our brethren.
is perfected in us--John discusses this in
1Jo 4:17-19.
Compare
1Jo 2:5,
"is perfected," that is, attains its proper maturity.
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13. 从此——"在此里面"。虽然我们看不见他，却蒙赐予的神住（希腊文，"住"）在我们里面的标记，是他已经赐给我们"他的圣灵"（约一 3:24）。
神的灵在哪里，神就在哪里。一位圣灵住在教会中：每个信徒按神看为合宜的比例领受那灵"中"的一分。爱是他的初果（加 5:22）。唯独在耶稣里面，圣灵是无限量地住着（约 3:34）。
英文原文
13. Hereby--"Herein." The token vouchsafed to us of God's dwelling (Greek, "abide") in us, though we see Him not, is this, that He hath given us "of His Spirit"
(1Jo 3:24).
Where the Spirit of God is, there God is. ONE Spirit dwells in the Church: each believer receives a measure "of" that Spirit in the proportion God thinks fit. Love is His first-fruit
(Ga 5:22).
In Jesus alone the Spirit dwelt without measure
(Joh 3:34).
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14. 我们——首先指基督所设立为他作见证的目击者——我们使徒。内住圣灵的内在见证（约一 4:13）得到目击者关于父"差他的儿子作世人的救主"这事实的外在见证的印证。
看见——希腊文，"默观过"，"留意地看过"（参约一 1:1注释）。
差——希腊文，"已经差"：不是完全过去的事实（不定过去时），而是其效果持续的事实（完成时）。
英文原文
14. And we--primarily, we apostles, Christ's appointed eye-witnesses to testify to the facts concerning Him. The internal evidence of the indwelling Spirit
(1Jo 4:13)
is corroborated by the external evidence of the eye-witnesses to the fact of the Father having "sent His Son to be the Saviour of the world."
seen--Greek, "contemplated," "attentively beheld" (see on
1Jo 1:1).
sent--Greek, "hath sent": not an entirely past fact (aorist), but one of which the effects continue (perfect tense).
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15. 凡认——一次永远地：希腊文不定过去时如此意。
耶稣为神的儿子——所以他也是"世人的救主"（约一 4:14）。
英文原文
15. shall confess--once for all: so the Greek aorist means.
that Jesus is the Son of God--and therefore "the Saviour of the world"
(1Jo 4:14).
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16. 我们——约翰和他的读者（不像约一 4:14的使徒们）。
就知道也信——按约翰所说，真正的信是知识和经历的信；真正的知识是信的知识〔吕克（Luecke）〕。
向我们——希腊文"在我们的情形上"（参约一 4:9注释）。
住——希腊文"住"。将本节与约一 4:7比较。
英文原文
16. And we--John and his readers (not as
1Jo 4:14,
the apostles only).
known and believed--True faith, according to John, is a faith of knowledge and experience: true knowledge is a knowledge of faith [LUECKE].
to us--Greek, "in our case" (see on
1Jo 4:9).
dwelleth--Greek, "abideth." Compare with this verse,
1Jo 4:7.
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17, 18. （比较约一 3:19-21。）
我们的爱——更当按希腊文译作："爱（抽象地说，爱的原则〔阿尔福德（Alford）〕）在我们身上得以完全（在其关系中）。" 住在我们里面的爱在其与我们有关的方面——希腊文如此——进到其成全。路 1:58"向她（直译'与她一同'）施怜悯"；约二 2，真理"必与我们同在直到永远"。
坦然无惧——"确信"：与约一 3:21的希腊文相同，本段与之平行。"惧怕"的反面，约一 4:18。我们的爱得以完全，就是在于神住在我们里面，并且我们住在神里面（约一 4:16），其结果是"我们可以在审判的日子有确信（或坦然无惧）"——那日对其他一切人都可畏（徒 24:25；罗 2:16）。
因为——我们"确信"的根据是"因为他（基督）如何，我们在这世上也如何"（在那日他不会定罪那些像他自己的人），即我们公义如他公义一样，尤其在义的总纲——爱（约一 3:14）上。基督在天上是公义的，且就是爱本身；我们这些仍"在这世上"的他的肢体也如此。我们甚至如今就已经在他被高举的地位上（弗 2:6）与他合一，所以义的这一切属于他的，也借着完全的归算和渐进的赐予属于我们——这是我们爱得以完全以致在审判的日子能坦然无惧的根据。我们是在这世界里，却不是属这世界的。
英文原文
17, 18. (Compare
1Jo 3:19-21.)
our love--rather as the Greek, "LOVE (in the abstract, the principle of love [ALFORD]) is made perfect (in its relations) with us." Love dwelling in us advances to its consummation "with us" that is, as it is concerned with us: so Greek.
Lu 1:58,
"showed mercy upon (literally, 'with') her":
2Jo 2,
the truth "shall be with us for ever."
boldness--"confidence": the same Greek as
1Jo 3:21,
to which this passage is parallel. The opposite of "fear,"
1Jo 4:18.
Herein is our love perfected, namely, in God dwelling in us, and our dwelling in God
(1Jo 4:16),
involving as its result "that we can have confidence (or boldness) in the day of judgment" (so terrible to all other men,
Ac 24:25; Ro 2:16).
because, &c.--The ground of our "confidence" is, "because even as He (Christ) is, we also are in this world" (and He will not, in that day, condemn those who are like Himself), that is, we are righteous as He is righteous, especially in respect to that which is the sum of righteousness, love
(1Jo 3:14).
Christ IS righteous, and love itself, in heaven: so are we, His members, who are still "in this world." Our oneness with Him even now in His exalted position above
(Eph 2:6),
so that all that belongs to Him of righteousness, &c., belongs to us also by perfect imputation and progressive impartation, is the ground of our love being perfected so that we can have confidence in the day of judgment. We are in, not of, this world.
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18. 惧怕在爱里没有地位。基于爱的坦然无惧的把握（约一 4:17）不能与惧怕并存。完全时赐下坦然无惧的把握的爱，把惧怕赶出去（比较来 2:14, 15）。基督代赎之死的目的，正是要救我们脱离这惧怕的奴役。
但——"不"〔阿尔福德（Alford）〕。
惧怕里含着刑罚——希腊文"惩罚（kolasis）"。惧怕总是在心中盘算所当受的刑罚〔以斯提乌（Estius）〕。惧怕因预想刑罚（由于意识到当受），所以即使现今就有它的预尝。完全的爱与这种自我惩罚的惧怕不能并存。怕得罪神的敬虔之惧怕与那意识到当受之刑罚的奴仆般的恐惧截然不同。后一种惧怕是我们众人的本性，直到爱把它赶出去。"人的状态各有不同：一种是无惧无爱；一种是有惧无爱；一种是惧爱兼有；一种是爱而不惧"〔本格尔（Bengel）〕。
英文原文
18. Fear has no place in love. Bold confidence
(1Jo 4:17),
based on love, cannot coexist with fear. Love, which, when perfected, gives bold confidence, casts out fear (compare
Heb 2:14, 15).
The design of Christ's propitiatory death was to deliver from this bondage of fear.
but--"nay" [ALFORD].
fear hath torment--Greek, "punishment." Fear is always revolving in the mind the punishment deserved [ESTIUS]. Fear, by anticipating punishment (through consciousness of deserving it), has it even now, that is, the foretaste of it. Perfect love is incompatible with such a self-punishing fear. Godly fear of offending God is quite distinct from slavish fear of consciously deserved punishment. The latter fear is natural to us all until love casts it out. "Men's states vary: one is without fear and love; another, with fear without love; another, with fear and love; another, without fear with love" [BENGEL].
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简体中文
19. 他——最古抄本中无此字。译作：我们（强调：我们在我们一方）爱（一般地：同样爱他、弟兄们和同胞），因为他（强调：与"我们"对应；就是他）先爱我们——借着差遣他的儿子（希腊文不定过去时，指某一时刻的确定行动）。他先爱我们：这思想当在我们里面产生把惧怕赶出去的爱（约一 4:18）。
英文原文
19. him--omitted in the oldest manuscripts. Translate, We (emphatical: WE on our part) love (in general: love alike Him, and the brethren, and our fellow men), because He (emphatical: answering to "we"; because it was He who) first loved us in sending His Son (Greek aorist of a definite act at a point of time). He was the first to love us: this thought ought to create in us love casting out fear
(1Jo 4:18).
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简体中文
20. 人若说"我爱神"，却恨他的弟兄——希腊文，"凡恨他弟兄的"。
就是说谎话的——他的行为否定了他的宣告，证明他并未真爱神。
不爱他所看见的弟兄，就不能爱没有看见的神——在此受感官影响，我们更容易向感官范围内的人发出爱，而非向那看不见的、只能借信心领悟的一位。"本性先于恩典；我们本性上在爱看不见的之前先爱看得见的"〔以斯提乌（Estius）〕。眼目是我们在爱中的引领者。"看见是激发爱的动力"〔俄库梅纽（Œcumenius）〕。我们若不爱弟兄——神的可见代表——怎能爱那看不见的神——他们的父呢？在亚当中失丧的人之真理想，在基督里实现了——在基督里神如其所是地被启示出来，人也如其所当是地被显示出来。所以借着信基督，我们学会爱那真神，也爱那真人，并因此爱那带着他形像的弟兄。
看见——并且持续地看见。
英文原文
20. loveth not . . . brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen--It is easier for us, influenced as we are here by sense, to direct love towards one within the range of our senses than towards One unseen, appreciable only by faith. "Nature is prior to grace; and we by nature love things seen, before we love things unseen" [ESTIUS]. The eyes are our leaders in love. "Seeing is an incentive to love" [ŒCUMENIUS]. If we do not love the brethren, the visible representatives of God, how can we love God, the invisible One, whose children they are? The true ideal of man, lost in Adam, is realized in Christ, in whom God is revealed as He is, and man as he ought to be. Thus, by faith in Christ, we learn to love both the true God, and the true man, and so to love the brethren as bearing His image.
hath seen--and continually sees.
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21. 约一 4:20基于人的普遍情感所作的论证之外，这里加上一个更强的——基于神明示的诫命（太 22:39）。
凡爱的，就必行他所爱之对象所愿的事。
爱神的——愿意被神看作是爱他的人。
英文原文
21. Besides the argument
(1Jo 4:20)
from the common feeling of men, he here adds a stronger one from God's express commandment
(Mt 22:39).
He who loves, will do what the object of his love wishes.
he who loveth God--he who wishes to be regarded by God as loving Him.
约一 4:1-21。
辨别假先知的准则。爱是从神生的试金石，也是认识他在基督里向我们彰显之浩大之爱的必结果实。
1. 亲爱的弟兄啊——他用以唤起他们对重要题目注意的亲昵称呼。
一切的灵——指在先知的位格中表现自己的灵。真理的灵和谬妄的灵都借着人的灵作为其器皿说话。真理的灵只有一位，敌基督的灵也只有一位。
试验——用试验标准（约一 4:2, 3）。
一切信徒都当如此行，并非只有圣职人员。即使是天使的信息也当用神的话语来试验，更何况人的教导，无论教师看起来多么圣洁。
因为——我们当"试验"诸灵的理由。
许多假先知——"先知"不是"预告未来者"的意思，而是指作为感动他的灵之器皿、据此教导真理或谬妄的人："许多敌基督者"。
已经出来了——好像是从神那里出来的。
到普天下——对先知，无论善恶，都同样使用（约二 7）。
世界是容易被引诱的（约一 4:4, 5）。