1
1Ki 4:1-6.
繁體中文
英文原文
1Ki 4:1-6.
SOLOMON'S PRINCES.
1. So King Solomon was king over all Israel--This chapter contains a general description of the state and glory of the Hebrew kingdom during the more flourishing or later years of his reign.
2
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2. 這些臣子——或作「高級官員」,因為他們中有兩人娶了所羅門的女兒,可見一斑。
祭司撒督的兒子亞撒利雅——更應作「領袖」,因希伯來文該詞常含此義
(Ge 41:45; Ex 2:16; 2Sa 8:18);
可見他在名單中位列前茅,似乎是首相,即職位僅次於王的最高官員。
英文原文
2. these were the princes--or chief officers, as is evident from two of them marrying Solomon's daughters.
Azariah the son of Zadok the priest--rather, "the prince," as the Hebrew word frequently signifies
(Ge 41:45; Ex 2:16; 2Sa 8:18);
so that from the precedency given to his person in the list, he seems to have been prime minister, the highest in office next the king.
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3. 書記——即國務秘書。在大衛治下,這職位只有一人
[2Sa 8:17; 20:25]。
如今這一部門任用三名官員,顯示或是制度有所改良、按分工精簡,或是因國勢日盛政務大增,或是與外邦各國的文書往來更為頻繁。
史官——即史官或編年史官——這是東方朝廷中極為重要的職位,其職責在於記錄每日所發生的大小事。
英文原文
3. scribes--that is, secretaries of state. Under David, there had been only one
[2Sa 8:17; 20:25].
The employment of three functionaries in this department indicates either improved regulations by the division of labor, or a great increase of business, occasioned by the growing prosperity of the kingdom, or a more extensive correspondence with foreign countries.
recorder--that is, historiographer, or annalist--an office of great importance in Oriental courts, and the duties of which consisted in chronicling the occurrences of every day.
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4. 耶何耶大的兒子比拿雅統轄軍兵——他從前是護衛長。他接續約押作了元帥。
撒督和亞比亞他作祭司——只有前者實際履行聖職;後者已被放逐到自己的鄉間,僅保留了祭司的名號而已。
英文原文
4. Benaiah . . . was over the host--formerly captain of the guard. He had succeeded Joab as commander of the forces.
Zadok and Abiathar were the priests--Only the first discharged the sacred functions; the latter had been banished to his country seat and retained nothing more than the name of high priest.
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5. 掌管十二個官吏——即
1Ki 4:17-19
所列的各省省長。
領袖,又是王的朋友——也許是樞密院院長,也是所羅門的親信摯友或寵臣。這位高官大概自幼與所羅門一同長大。他把這些尊榮堆在拿單的兒子們身上,實在是最自然不過的事——因為他們的父親與先王關係至為親密,而所羅門本人也深受這位先知的厚恩。
英文原文
5. over the officers--that is, the provincial governors enumerated in
1Ki 4:17-19.
principal officer, and the king's friend--perhaps president of the privy council, and Solomon's confidential friend or favorite. This high functionary had probably been reared along with Solomon. That he should heap those honors on the sons of Nathan was most natural, considering the close intimacy of the father with the late king, and the deep obligations under which Solomon personally lay to the prophet.
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6. 亞希煞作家宰——即王宮的管家或侍從長。
亞多蘭——或作亞多蘭
(2Sa 20:24;
1Ki 12:18),
或哈多蘭
(2Ch 10:18),
掌管苦工——並非徵收銀錢或實物,而是管轄強徵的勞役(參
1Ki 5:13, 14)。
英文原文
6. Ahishar was over the household--steward or chamberlain of the palace.
Adoniram--or Adoram
(2Sa 20:24; 1Ki 12:18),
or Hadoram
(2Ch 10:18),
was over the tribute--not the collection of money or goods, but the levy of compulsory laborers (compare
1Ki 5:13, 14).
7
1Ki 4:7-21.
繁體中文
1Ki 4:7-21.
他的十二個官吏
7. 所羅門在以色列全地立了十二個官吏——王室的收入,按照東方古時沿用至今、許多地方仍然通行的辦法,不是以金錢繳納,而是以土產抵繳。這些「十分之一」
(1Sa 8:15)
的徵收與運輸總是相當困難。因此,為便利起見,所羅門設立十二個官吏,每人負責一個支派或一個特定地區,按月輪流供應王宮所需;物資先運到為此而建的「積貨城」中存放
(1Ki 9:19;
2Ch 8:4, 6)。
英文原文
1Ki 4:7-21.
HIS TWELVE OFFICERS.
7. Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel--The royal revenues were raised according to the ancient, and still, in many parts, existing usage of the East, not in money payments, but in the produce of the soil. There would be always a considerable difficulty in the collection and transmission of these tithes
(1Sa 8:15).
Therefore, to facilitate the work, Solomon appointed twelve officers, who had each the charge of a tribe or particular district of country, from which, in monthly rotation, the supplies for the maintenance of the king's household were drawn, having first been deposited in "the store cities" which were erected for their reception
(1Ki 9:19; 2Ch 8:4, 6).
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8. 戶珥的兒子——或如邊註所言,便戶珥、便德迦。在敘利亞的鄉間和阿拉伯人中,不以本人的名字稱呼人,而以他們父親的兒子來稱呼,至今仍極為普遍。
英文原文
8. The son of Hur--or, as the Margin has it, Benhur, Bendekar. In the rural parts of Syria, and among the Arabs, it is still common to designate persons not by their own names, but as the sons of their fathers.
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21. 所羅門統治從大河來的諸國——幼發拉底河與地中海之間的一切小王國都向他進貢。
1Ki 4:24
的說法相似。
英文原文
21. Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river--All the petty kingdoms between the Euphrates and the Mediterranean were tributary to him. Similar is the statement in
1Ki 4:24.
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22, 23. 所羅門每日的糧食——不僅是王席所需,也是宮中一切相關人員所需,包括——除王室本身外——他的眾妃嬪、主要官員、護衛、外賓等的費用。所用細麵估計約二百四十蒲式耳;粗麵或普通麵粉約四百八十蒲式耳。除家禽和各種獵物(山中極為豐富)外,所消耗的牲畜數目,按比例並未超過東方其他朝廷的需要。
英文原文
22, 23. Solomon's provision for one day--not for the king's table only, but for all connected with the court, including, besides the royal establishment, those of his royal consorts, his principal officers, his bodyguards, his foreign visitors, &c. The quantity of fine floor used is estimated at two hundred forty bushels; that of meal or common flour at four hundred eighty. The number of cattle required for consumption, besides poultry and several kinds of game (which were abundant on the mountains) did not exceed in proportion what is needed in other courts of the East.
24
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24. 從提弗撒——即他普撒,幼發拉底河西岸一座繁盛的大城,其名得自附近一處著名的渡口——那是該河最下游的渡口。
直到亞撒——即迦薩,在西南端,離地中海不遠。
英文原文
24. from Tiphsah--that is, Thapsacus, a large and flourishing town on the west bank of the Euphrates, the name of which was derived from a celebrated ford near it, the lowest on that river.
even to Azzah--that is, Gaza, on the southwestern extremity, not far from the Mediterranean.
25
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25. 猶大人和以色列人如同自己的葡萄樹和……無花果樹——這是象徵太平穩妥的常用而美麗的比喻
(Mic 4:4;
Zec 3:10),
其依據是現代敘利亞仍然常見的做法:把這些果樹沿著房屋的牆壁和階梯攀引上去,形成一片蔭涼的棚架,人們坐在其下歇息。
英文原文
25. every man under his vine and . . . fig tree--This is a common and beautiful metaphor for peace and security
(Mic 4:4; Zec 3:10),
founded on the practice, still common in modern Syria, of training these fruit trees up the walls and stairs of houses, so as to make a shady arbor, beneath which the people sit and relax.
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26. 四萬個馬廄——供王用馬廄之用(參
2Ch 9:25
的註釋)。
英文原文
26. forty thousand stalls--for the royal mews (see on
2Ch 9:25).
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28. 大麥……和乾草——乾草不用作墊草,大麥攙著切碎的乾草才是馬匹常用的飼料。
快馬——單峰駱駝,以速度快著稱。
英文原文
28. Barley . . . and straw--Straw is not used for litter, but barley mixed with chopped straw is the usual fodder of horses.
dromedaries--one-humped camels, distinguished for their great fleetness.
29
1Ki 4:29-34.
繁體中文
1Ki 4:29-34.
他的智慧
29. 神賜給所羅門極大的智慧聰明,和廣大的心——即高超的心智能力,極大的接受知識的容量,以及傳授知識的才能。
英文原文
1Ki 4:29-34.
HIS WISDOM.
29. God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart--that is, high powers of mind, great capacity for receieving, as well as aptitude for communicating knowledge.
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30. 所羅門的智慧超過東方人——即阿拉伯人、迦勒底人和波斯人
(Ge 25:6)。
和埃及人的一切智慧——埃及以學術和科學的中心著稱;現存的古蹟如此清楚地描繪了古時的社會狀況和工藝水平,正顯示了埃及百姓高度的文化。
英文原文
30. Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country--that is, the Arabians, Chaldeans, and Persians
(Ge 25:6).
all the wisdom of Egypt--Egypt was renowned as the seat of learning and sciences, and the existing monuments, which so clearly describe the ancient state of society and the arts, show the high culture of the Egyptian people.
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31. 比眾人更有智慧——即比他一切同時代人,無論國內國外,都更有智慧。
比以探——或作耶杜頓,屬米拉利族
(1Ch 6:44)。
希幔——
(1Ch 15:17-19)——
聖殿樂師之首,也是王的先見
(1Ch 25:5);
其餘兩人無從考證。
瑪曷的兒子們——或為謝拉的別名
(1Ch 2:6);
或把它作普通名詞,意為舞蹈、合唱,則「瑪曷的兒子們」意指在詩歌和音樂上極其傑出的人。
英文原文
31. wiser than all men--that is, all his contemporaries, either at home or abroad.
than Ethan--or Jeduthun, of the family of Merari
(1Ch 6:44).
Heman--
(1Ch 15:17-19)
--the chief of the temple musicians and the king's seers
(1Ch 25:5);
the other two are not known.
the sons of Mahol--either another name for Zerah
(1Ch 2:6);
or taking it as a common noun, signifying a dance, a chorus, "the sons of Mahol" signify persons eminently skilled in poetry and music.
32
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32. 他作箴言三千句——總結他對人生與人性的道德見解和睿智觀察。
詩歌一千零五首——
詩篇七十二、一二七、一三二篇,
以及
雅歌,
都是他的作品。
英文原文
32. he spake three thousand proverbs--embodying his moral sentiments and sage observations on human life and character.
songs . . . a thousand and five--
Psalm 72, 127, 132,
and the
Song of Songs
are his.
33
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33. 他講論草木,從黎巴嫩的香柏樹……直到牆上的牛膝草——一切植物,從最大的到最小的。神的靈只保留了比較少數這位偉大心靈成果的紀念。這裏歸在他名下的大部分,早已隨時間的侵蝕而散失,或在巴比倫之囚中毀去,大概是因為它們不是默示之作。
英文原文
33. he spake of trees, from the cedar . . . to the hyssop--all plants, from the greatest to the least. The Spirit of God has seen fit to preserve comparatively few memorials of the fruits of his gigantic mind. The greater part of those here ascribed to him have long since fallen a prey to the ravages of time, or perished in the Babylonish captivity, probably because they were not inspired.
1Ki 4:1-6.
所羅門的臣宰
1. 所羅門王作以色列眾人的王——本章概括描述了希伯來王國在他統治較為繁榮的後期所呈現的國勢與榮光。