1
1Sa 22:1-8.
简体中文
英文原文
1Sa 22:1-8.
DAVID'S KINDRED AND OTHERS RESORT TO HIM AT ADULLAM.
1. David . . . escaped to the cave Adullam--supposed to be that now called Deir-Dubban, a number of pits or underground vaults, some nearly square, and all about fifteen or twenty feet deep, with perpendicular sides, in the soft limestone or chalky rocks. They are on the borders of the Philistine plain at the base of the Judea mountains, six miles southwest from Beth-lehem, and well adapted for concealing a number of refugees.
his brethren and all his father's house . . . went down--to escape the effects of Saul's rage, which seems to have extended to all David's family. From Beth-lehem to Deir-Dubban it is, indeed, a descent all the way.
2
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简体中文
2节. 凡受窘迫的.
(见 Jud 11:3 注释)。
英文原文
2. every one that was in distress--(See on
Jud 11:3).
3
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简体中文
3节. 大卫从那里往摩押的米斯巴去. 「米斯巴」意为「守望楼」，这里显然当取此义，因为它被称为「保障」或要塞
(1Sa 22:4)。 摩押王是扫罗的仇敌
(1Sa 14:47)， 而路得的曾孙当然与耶西家有关。因此，大卫在这位君王的领土内寻求庇护所，比在亚吉的领土内更少忧虑，因为摩押人没有理由对他怀报复之心，而他们对扫罗的敌意使他们更乐意接纳从其宫廷来的如此显赫的难民。
英文原文
3. David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab--"Mizpeh" signifies a watchtower, and it is evident that it must be taken in this sense here, for it is called "the hold" or fort
(1Sa 22:4).
The king of Moab was an enemy of Saul
(1Sa 14:47),
and the great-grandson of Ruth, of course, was related to the family of Jesse. David, therefore, had less anxiety in seeking an asylum within the dominions of this prince than those of Achish, because the Moabites had no grounds for entertaining vindictive feelings against him, and their enmity, to Saul rendered them the more willing to receive so illustrious a refugee from his court.
5
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简体中文
5节. 先知迦得对大卫说，不要住在保障里. 这合理的劝告，无疑是出于比迦得自身聪明更高的源头。作为自觉无辜、信赖神的人，在自己的支派百姓中公开露面是正当的；而在扫罗去世时，使他的朋友受到鼓励以支持他的利益，也是合宜的。
哈列树林. 在耶路撒冷西南。
英文原文
5. the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold--This sound advice, no doubt, came from a higher source than Gad's own sagacity. It was right to appear publicly among the people of his own tribe, as one conscious of innocence and trusting in God; and it was expedient that, on the death of Saul, his friends might be encouraged to support his interest.
forest of Hareth--southwest of Jerusalem.
6
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简体中文
6节. 扫罗……坐在拉玛的垂丝柳树下. 字面作「山上之丛林下」。东方君王常与朝臣在户外的荫盖下坐着。枪是早期的王笏。
英文原文
6. Saul abode . . . under a tree in Ramah--literally, "under a grove on a hill." Oriental princes frequently sit with their court under some shady canopy in the open air. A spear was the early scepter.
7
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简体中文
7、8节. 便雅悯人哪，你们要听. 这是为激发自己支派的爱国心或嫉妒心而发出的呼吁，他暗示大卫有意将国权转到别的支派。这番话似乎是在听说大卫带四百人回到犹大之后所说的。嫉妒的王心中起了一种阴暗的疑心，以为约拿单知道这一动向，并惧怕这是针对王冠的阴谋。
英文原文
7, 8. Hear now, ye Benjamites--This was an appeal to stimulate the patriotism or jealousy of his own tribe, from which he insinuated it was the design of David to transfer the kingdom to another. This address seems to have been made on hearing of David's return with his four hundred men to Judah. A dark suspicion had risen in the jealous mind of the king that Jonathan was aware of this movement, which he dreaded as a conspiracy against the crown.
9
1Sa 22:9-16.
简体中文
撒上 22:9-16.
多益控告亚希米勒。
9节. 多益……站在众仆人之上. 七十士译本作「扫罗的骡子」。
英文原文
1Sa 22:9-16.
DOEG ACCUSES AHIMELECH.
9. Doeg . . . set over the servants--Septuagint, "the mules of Saul."
10
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简体中文
10节. 他为他求问耶和华. 有人认为这是多益为讨好王而捏造的恶意虚构，但亚希米勒似乎承认这事实。这位单纯可怜的大祭司对扫罗与大卫之间现有的家族宿怨一无所知。告发者若知道此事，也没有提及大卫用什么诡诈之计得到亚希米勒的帮助。事实看来对亚希米勒不利，于是他和全体祭司都被宣告为同谋者
[1Sa 22:16, 17]。
英文原文
10. he inquired of the Lord for him--Some suppose that this was a malicious fiction of Doeg to curry favor with the king, but Ahimelech seems to acknowledge the fact. The poor simple-minded high priest knew nothing of the existing family feud between Saul and David. The informer, if he knew it, said nothing of the cunning artifice by which David obtained the aid of Ahimelech. The facts looked against him, and the whole priesthood along with him were declared abettors of conspiracy
[1Sa 22:16, 17].
17
1Sa 22:17-19.
简体中文
1Sa 22:17-19.
扫罗 下令 杀众 祭司。
17, 18. 站在他周围的卫士——即他的御林军,或作「奔走之仆」(1Sa 8:11;2Sa 15:1;1Ki 1:5;1Ki 14:28),他们在朝中位居重要职分(2Ch 12:10)。然而他们宁愿违抗王命,也不肯把双手沾染神仆人之血,从而得罪神。只有一名外族人(Ps 52:1-3)愿意充当这血腥而亵渎之判决的刽子手。如此,以利家受判的厄运便应验了[1Sa 2:30-36]。
英文原文
1Sa 22:17-19.
SAUL COMMANDS TO KILL THE PRIESTS.
17, 18. the footmen that stood about him--his bodyguard, or his runners
(1Sa 8:11; 2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5; 1Ki 14:28),
who held an important place at court
(2Ch 12:10).
But they chose rather to disobey the king than to offend God by imbruing their hands in the blood of his ministering servants. A foreigner alone
(Ps 52:1-3)
could be found willing to be the executioner of this bloody and sacrilegious sentence. Thus was the doom of the house of Eli fulfilled
[1Sa 2:30-36].
19
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简体中文
19. 又用刀砍击祭司的城挪——对这城所行的野蛮暴行,其意图似乎是恐吓扫罗的一切臣民,使他们不敢向大卫提供任何援助或庇护。然而这事对扫罗自己也有害无益:它使祭司阶层与他疏离,也令国中一切敬虔之人深为厌恶。
英文原文
19. Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword--The barbarous atrocities perpetrated against this city seem to have been designed to terrify all the subjects of Saul from affording either aid or an asylum to David. But they proved ruinous to Saul's own interest, as they alienated the priesthood and disgusted all good men in the kingdom.
20
1Sa 22:20-23.
简体中文
1Sa 22:20-23.
亚比亚他 逃脱, 投奔 大卫。
20-23. 亚希米勒的一个儿子……逃脱了——这就是亚比亚他,他投奔哈列树林中的大卫,并冒死抢救出大祭司的圣衣(1Sa 23:6, 9)。大卫听见这悲惨的叙述,便承认自己早因多益的恶毒与阴险的野心,而担心会有这样的致命结局;他又自责是亚比亚他一家一切灾难的因由,遂邀请他留下,因为大卫坚信神之应许必成,能为他提供保护。
英文原文
1Sa 22:20-23.
ABIATHAR ESCAPES AND FLEES AFTER DAVID.
20-23. one of the sons of Ahimelech . . . escaped--This was Abiathar, who repaired to David in the forest of Hareth, rescuing, with his own life, the high priest's vestments
(1Sa 23:6, 9).
On hearing his sad tale, David declared that he had dreaded such a fatal result from the malice and intriguing ambition of Doeg; and, accusing himself as having been the occasion of all the disaster to Abiathar's family, David invited him to remain, because, firmly trusting himself in the accomplishment of the divine promise, David could guarantee protection to him.
撒上 22:1-8.
大卫的亲属及其他人投奔他在亚杜兰。
1节. 大卫……逃到亚杜兰洞. 推测即今日的 Deir-Dubban，是许多坑穴或地下窟窿，有些近乎方形，深约十五至二十英尺，四壁垂直，开凿于松软的石灰岩或白垩岩中。它们位于非利士平原边缘、犹大山脉脚下，距伯利恒西南六英里，极适合藏匿众多难民。
他的弟兄和他父亲的全家都下到那里. 显然是为了躲避扫罗的怒气，因为那怒气似乎已延及大卫全家。事实上，从伯利恒到 Deir-Dubban 一路都是下坡。