1
1Sa 8:1-18.
简体中文
英文原文
1Sa 8:1-18.
OCCASIONED BY THE ILL-GOVERNMENT OF SAMUEL'S SONS, THE ISRAELITES ASK A KING.
1-5. when Samuel was old--He was now about fifty-four years of age, having discharged the office of sole judge for twelve years. Unable, from growing infirmities, to prosecute his circuit journeys through the country, he at length confined his magisterial duties to Ramah and its neighborhood
(1Sa 7:15),
delegating to his sons as his deputies the administration of justice in the southern districts of Palestine, their provincial court being held at Beer-sheba. The young men, however, did not inherit the high qualities of their father. Having corrupted the fountains of justice for their own private aggrandizement, a deputation of the leading men in the country lodged a complaint against them in headquarters, accompanied with a formal demand for a change in the government. The limited and occasional authority of the judges, the disunion and jealousy of the tribes under the administration of those rulers, had been creating a desire for a united and permanent form of government; while the advanced age of Samuel, together with the risk of his death happening in the then unsettled state of the people, was the occasion of calling forth an expression of this desire now.
6
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简体中文
6-10节. 他们说求你为我们立一个王治理我们，撒母耳不喜悦. 个人与家族的情感可能影响他对这一公众运动的看法。但他的不满主要来自所提变革的革命性质。这虽不会完全倾覆他们的神政体制，但立一位可见的君王，必然会倾向于把他们看不见的君王和元首推出视线之外。神借撒母耳暗示他们的请求将在怒中蒙允，同时预先告知他们一些将因他们选择而来的祸患。
英文原文
6-10. the thing displeased Samuel when they said, Give us a king to judge us--Personal and family feelings might affect his views of this public movement. But his dissatisfaction arose principally from the proposed change being revolutionary in its character. Though it would not entirely subvert their theocratic government, the appointment of a visible monarch would necessarily tend to throw out of view their unseen King and Head. God intimated, through Samuel, that their request would, in anger, be granted, while at the same time he apprised them of some of the evils that would result from their choice.
11
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简体中文
11. 王的惯例必这样——以下是对专制政府一段非常中肯而生动的描绘;古时与今日的东方都不乏这种政府,而希伯来的君主制尽管有律法所定的限制,也逐渐滑向与之同化。
他必征用你们的儿子——东方的君主声称有权随意役使任何臣民。
有的必在他的战车前奔跑——东方全境(正如波斯至今仍如此),王的行列通常都有许多步行奔跑的扈从在前开路、随行。
英文原文
11. This will be the manner of the king--The following is a very just and graphic picture of the despotic governments which anciently and still are found in the East, and into conformity with which the Hebrew monarchy, notwithstanding the restrictions prescribed by the law, gradually slid.
He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself--Oriental sovereigns claim a right to the services of any of their subjects at pleasure.
some shall run before his chariots--The royal equipages were, generally throughout the East (as in Persia they still are), preceded and accompanied by a number of attendants who ran on foot.
12
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简体中文
12. 他必为自己设立千夫长、五十夫长——在东方,一个人只要被王指派担任某职,无论那职位多么违背他的喜好、多么损害他的利益,都必须接受。
英文原文
12. he will appoint him captains--In the East, a person must accept any office to which he may be nominated by the king, however irksome it may be to his taste or ruinous to his interests.
13
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简体中文
13. 他必征用你们的女儿作制香膏的——烹调、烤饼以及相关工作,在东方国家都是女性的活计;即使小王侯的宫中,也有成千上万的年轻女子从事这些职务。
英文原文
13. he will take your daughters to be confectionaries--Cookery, baking, and the kindred works are, in Eastern countries, female employment, and thousands of young women are occupied with these offices in the palaces even of petty princes.
14
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简体中文
14-18. 他必取你们的田地等——这里所提到的情形,都可以从今日许多东方君主的行为中找到完全对应的例证。
英文原文
14-18. he will take your fields, &c.--The circumstances mentioned here might be illustrated by exact analogies in the conduct of many Oriental monarchs in the present day.
19
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简体中文
19-22. 百姓竟不肯听从撒母耳的话——他们对撒母耳的描述嗤之以鼻,认为那不过是吓唬稻草人。他们决意不顾一切代价要达成目的,坚持要像列国一样;然而他们与列国不同、以耶和华为他们的王和立法者,这本是他们的荣耀与福分(Nu 23:9; De 33:28)。
他们的要求获得了准许,因为律法中已为王政作了预备;他们被打发回去,等候那留归神自己决定的人选任命(De 17:14-20)。
英文原文
19-22. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel--They sneered at Samuel's description as a bugbear to frighten them. Determined, at all hazards, to gain their object, they insisted on being made like all the other nations, though it was their glory and happiness to be unlike other nations in having the Lord for their King and Lawgiver
(Nu 23:9; De 33:28).
Their demand was conceded, for the government of a king had been provided for in the law; and they were dismissed to wait the appointment, which God had reserved to Himself
(De 17:14-20).
撒上 8:1-18.
因撒母耳众子的不善治理，以色列人求立王。
1-5节. 撒母耳年迈时. 他此时约五十四岁，担任唯一士师已十二年。因日渐衰弱不能再继续巡行全国的旅程，他终于把审判之职限于拉玛及其附近
(1Sa 7:15)， 委派众子为副手，管理巴勒斯坦南部地区的司法行政，他们的地方法庭设在别是巴。但这些年轻人没有继承父亲的高尚品质。他们为私利而污秽了正义的源头，于是那地的领袖代表团上告中央，正式要求更改政体。士师们有限而间歇的权威，以及在其治理下各支派之间的分裂与嫉妒，正造成对统一而持久之政体的渴望。再加上撒母耳年事已高，以及他若在百姓仍不稳定之时去世所带来的危险，这促使百姓……