1
2Ch 24:1-14.
简体中文
英文原文
2Ch 24:1-14.
JOASH REIGNS WELL ALL THE DAYS OF JEHOIADA.
1-3. Joash . . . began to reign--(See on
2Ki 12:1-3).
3
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简体中文
3. 耶何耶大为他说定了两个妻子——耶何耶大此时已年迈，不能缔结这样的新盟约，故大多数解经家将这话归指幼王自己。
英文原文
3. Jehoiada took for him two wives--As Jehoiada was now too old to contract such new alliances, the generality of interpreters apply this statement to the young king.
4
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简体中文
4-14. 约阿施有意重修耶和华的殿——（参看
2Ki 12:4-16
的注释）。
英文原文
4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--(See on
2Ki 12:4-16).
15
2Ch 24:15, 16.
简体中文
2Ch 24:15, 16.
耶何耶大去世
15, 16. 耶何耶大年纪老迈……死了——他的一生既得享异乎寻常的高寿，又尽献于国事，理应得着公众感恩的致敬；这便以死后所赐的尊荣表达出来。在希伯来人中，城内埋葬在除耶路撒冷以外的各城都被禁止，而在耶路撒冷，这一例外只赐予王室和功德卓著之人——他们得着在大卫城中、与诸王同葬的殊荣，耶何耶大就是一例。
英文原文
2Ch 24:15, 16.
JEHOIADA BEING DEAD.
15, 16. Jehoiada waxed old . . . and died--His life, protracted to unusual longevity and spent in the service of his country, deserved some tribute of public gratitude, and this was rendered in the posthumous honors that were bestowed on him. Among the Hebrews, intramural interment was prohibited in every city but Jerusalem, and there the exception was made only to the royal family and persons of eminent merit, on whom the distinction was conferred of being buried in the city of David, among the kings, as in the case of Jehoiada.
17
2Ch 24:17-22.
简体中文
2Ch 24:17-22.
约阿施陷入偶像崇拜
17-22. 犹大众首领来朝拜王——在此之前，约阿施虽然登基，握掌王权的却是他的姑父；他借着贤明的谋略，引导幼王行那些足以促进国家民事与宗教利益的事。那位智者谋士的火热虔诚、实际智慧和不屈坚定，对各个阶层都有极大的影响。但如今国家之船的舵既不再由那位可敬大祭司清醒的头脑和坚定的手来掌，约阿施施政的真实面目便显露出来；因缺乏良好开明的原则，或许也缺乏天然的品格魄力，他便任由自己被推上一条不久便使这船触礁沉没的路。
王听从他们等——他们暗中依附偶像崇拜，其高位正是约兰、亚哈谢、亚她利雅在位期间举国败坏已何等广泛深刻的可悲明证。他们以效忠的强烈表态，谦卑地请求不要被迫频频跋涉远赴耶路撒冷，而要获准享受其祖先所享、在家乡邱坛敬拜神的特权。他们将请求措辞得如此似是而非、最不冒犯，因他们深知若获准免于赴圣殿，便可毫无被发现或受扰之虞地、随心所欲地奉行任何私下仪式。意志薄弱的王批准了他们的请求；其结果便是：他们离开了他们列祖之神耶和华的殿，不久就「事奉木偶和偶像」。
英文原文
2Ch 24:17-22.
JOASH FALLS INTO IDOLATRY.
17-22. Now came the princes of Judah, and make obeisance to the king--Hitherto, while Joash occupied the throne, his uncle had held the reins of sovereign power, and by his excellent counsels had directed the young king to such measures as were calculated to promote both the civil and religious interests of the country. The fervent piety, practical wisdom, and inflexible firmness of that sage counsellor exerted immense influence over all classes. But now that the helm of the state-ship was no longer steered by the sound head and firm hand of the venerable high priest, the real merits of Joash's administration appear; and for want of good and enlightened principle, as well as, perhaps, of natural energy of character, he allowed himself to be borne onward in a course which soon wrecked the vessel upon hidden rocks.
the king hearkened unto them, &c.--They were secretly attached to idolatry, and their elevated rank affords sad proof how extensively and deeply the nation had become corrupted during the reigns of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah. With strong professions of allegiance they humbly requested that they might not be subjected to the continued necessity of frequent and expensive journeys to Jerusalem, but allowed the privilege their fathers had enjoyed of worshipping God in high places at home. They framed their petition in this plausible and least offensive manner, well knowing that, if excused attendance at the temple, they might--without risk of discovery or disturbance--indulge their tastes in the observance of any private rites they pleased. The weak-minded king granted their petition; and the consequence was, that when they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers, they soon "served groves and idols."
18
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简体中文
18. 怒气就向犹大和耶路撒冷发作——特别提到耶路撒冷也牵涉在罪中，暗示对圣殿的疏忽和随之而来的偶像崇拜，不仅得到王的容忍，还得着他的认可；我们不禁要问，在他这成熟的年纪，何以能如此完全抛弃一个与他一切早年回忆相连的地方。有人推测，他曾目睹许多祭司在敬拜之礼上的漫不经心，尤其是他们不愿收集银子、也不愿拨出一部分收入用于圣殿的修理，这使他疏远并厌嫌 [勒克莱尔（LE CLERC）]。
英文原文
18. wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem--The particular mention of Jerusalem as involved in the sin implies that the neglect of the temple and the consequent idolatry received not only the king's toleration, but his sanction; and it naturally occurs to ask how, at his mature age, such a total abandonment of a place with which all his early recollections were associated can be accounted for. It has been suggested that what he had witnessed of the conduct of many of the priests in the careless performance of the worship, and especially their unwillingness to collect the money, as well as apply a portion of their revenues for the repairs of the temple, had alienated and disgusted him [LE CLERC].
19
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简体中文
19. 他仍差遣先知——以利沙、弥迦、哈拿尼的儿子耶户、撒迦利亚的儿子雅哈悉
(2Ch 20:14)、
多大瓦的儿子以利以谢
(2Ch 20:37)，
都在当时生活和教训人。但他们一切先知的警告和宣告都被忽略了。
英文原文
19. Yet he sent prophets--Elisha, Micah, Jehu son of Hanani, Jahaziel son of Zechariah
(2Ch 20:14),
Eliezer son of Dodavah
(2Ch 20:37),
lived and taught at that time. But all their prophetic warnings and denunciations were unheeded.
20
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简体中文
20, 21. 神的灵临到耶何耶大的儿子撒迦利亚——大概是较幼的儿子，因为他的名字并不见于亚伦继任者的名单
(1Ch 6:4-47)。
站在上面——他既属祭司等次，便从内院说话，内院比百姓的院高出许多。
对他们说：神如此说，你们为何干犯耶和华的命令，以致不得亨通等——他与王的近亲关系本可能使他有所顾忌，不愿干预；但终于他也受不可抗拒的冲动所催，起来抗议当时盛行的亵渎。〔撒迦利亚〕谏诤的大胆自由和力度，以及他对必将随之而来的国难之宣告，对王而言最为逆耳；同时却激起了群众的凶暴情绪，以致一伙恶徒在约阿施暗中唆使之下，用石头将他打死。这桩暴行使王牵涉复杂的罪行。这是对耶和华先知的可憎暴行——对那曾救他性命之家族的卑鄙忘恩——对一位真正的希伯来爱国者的残暴对待——是滥用其作王的权柄和威权的非法不义之举。
英文原文
20, 21. the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada--probably a younger son, for his name does not occur in the list of Aaron's successors
(1Ch 6:4-47).
stood above the people--Being of the priestly order, he spoke from the inner court, which was considerably higher than that of the people.
and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord, that ye cannot prosper, &c.--His near relationship to the king might have created a feeling of delicacy and reluctance to interfere; but at length he, too, was prompted by an irresistible impulse to protest against the prevailing impiety. The bold freedom and energy of [Zechariah's] remonstrance, as well as his denunciation of the national calamities that would certainly follow, were most unpalatable to the king; while they so roused the fierce passions of the multitude that a band of miscreants, at the secret instigation of Joash, stoned him to death. This deed of violence involved complicated criminality on the part of the king. It was a horrid outrage on a prophet of the Lord--base ingratitude to a family who had preserved his life--atrocious treatment of a true Hebrew patriot--an illegal and unrighteous exercise of his power and authority as a king.
22
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简体中文
22. 他死的时候说：愿耶和华鉴察伸冤——这些临终之言，若是怀着报复的咒诅，便与头一位基督教殉道者的灵
(Ac 7:60)
形成鲜明对比。但这些话若非表达他个人的意愿，便可能是先知性咒诅的宣告。
英文原文
22. when he died, he said, The Lord look upon it and require it--These dying words, if they implied a vindictive imprecation, exhibit a striking contrast to the spirit of the first Christian martyr
(Ac 7:60).
But, instead of being the expression of a personal wish, they might be the utterance of a prophetic doom.
23
2Ch 24:23-27.
简体中文
2Ch 24:23-27.
他被臣仆所杀
23. 年底，亚兰的军兵上来——这次入侵由哈薛亲率；约阿施为免围城之苦，以大批金子劝他撤军
(2Ki 12:18)。
大概他也承诺年年纳贡；后来因他忽略或拒绝缴纳，亚兰人第二年又来，仅以少数兵力便使集合起来的希伯来全军遭到彻底而屈辱的失败。
英文原文
2Ch 24:23-27.
HE IS SLAIN BY HIS SERVANTS.
23. at the end of the year the host of Syria came up--This invasion took place under the personal conduct of Hazael, whom Joash, to save the miseries of a siege, prevailed on to withdraw his forces by a large present of gold
(2Ki 12:18).
Most probably, also, he promised the payment of an annual tribute, on the neglect or refusal of which the Syrians returned the following year, and with a mere handful of men inflicted a total and humiliating defeat on the collected force of the Hebrews.
25
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简体中文
25. 他们留下他患重病——他晚年被痛苦的疾病所苦，长期卧病在床。
他自己的臣仆谋叛他——这两个谋叛者（其父是犹太人，其母是外邦人）大概是朝臣，因能常进寝宫，便更容易执行其计谋。
为耶何耶大的众子之血——当读作耶何耶大的「儿子」。舆论似乎将他所受的灾祸与其作王期间的不幸都归咎于那桩卑鄙的罪行。王既早已失去臣民的敬重和尊敬，他悲惨的结局也就无人表示惊骇或哀伤！
英文原文
25. they left him in great diseases--The close of his life was embittered by a painful malady, which long confined him to bed.
his own servants conspired against him--These two conspirators (whose fathers were Jews, but their mothers aliens) were probably courtiers, who, having constant access to the bedchamber, could the more easily execute their design.
for the blood of the sons--read "the son" of Jehoiada. Public opinion seems to have ascribed the disasters of his life and reign to that foul crime. And as the king had long lost the esteem and respect of his subjects, neither horror nor sorrow was expressed for his miserable end!
2Ch 24:1-14.
约阿施在耶何耶大在世的日子行善道
1-3. 约阿施……登基——（参看
2Ki 12:1-3
的注释）。