1
2Ch 34:1, 2.
简体中文
英文原文
2Ch 34:1, 2.
JOSIAH'S GOOD REIGN.
1. Josiah was eight years old--(See on
2Ki 22:1).
The testimony borne to the undeviating steadfastness of his adherence to the cause of true religion places his character and reign in honorable contrast with those of many of his royal predecessors.
3
2Ch 34:3-7.
简体中文
2Ch 34:3-7.
他除灭偶像
3. 他作王第八年——这是他十六岁之年；犹大诸王以满十三岁为成年，故此时是他成年后三年。他很早便显出其品格中的虔诚与优良禀赋。在他作王第十二年，即二十岁那年，他开始热切关心清除国中一切偶像的纪念物——这些是他父亲短短在位期间所竖立的。后来，他为确保敬拜神的纯洁而日益加增的热心，使他亲自监督其疆土各处拆毁偶像的工程。本段叙述的次序与《列王纪》略有不同。因为这里的史家既已提及约西亚早年热心的表现，便接着详述这位贤王为除灭偶像所采取的一切措施；而《列王纪》的作者则以守逾越节之前洁净圣殿一事为开端，借此机会对约西亚清除全地偶像污染的政策作一般性的描述。《列王纪》和《历代志》都没有严格依照年代的次序。但两处都清楚记载：废除偶像之事始于约西亚作王第十二年，成于第十八年。尽管约西亚的真诚与热心不容置疑，百姓也似乎遵从王的命令，他却无法根除在玛拿西在位初期所传入、已深植人心的偶像崇拜倾向。这潜藏的偏好，在后来的诸王治下便无可置疑地显露出来；而将犹大和以色列一同掳去的神之判语，也已无可挽回地定下了。
英文原文
2Ch 34:3-7.
HE DESTROYS IDOLATRY.
3. in the eighth year of his reign--This was the sixteenth year of his age, and, as the kings of Judah were considered minors till they had completed their thirteenth year, it was three years after he had attained majority. He had very early manifested the piety and excellent dispositions of his character. In the twelfth year of his reign, but the twentieth of his age, he began to take a lively interest in the purgation of his kingdom from all the monuments of idolatry which, in his father's short reign, had been erected. At a later period, his increasing zeal for securing the purity of divine worship led him to superintend the work of demolition in various parts of his dominion. The course of the narrative in this passage is somewhat different from that followed in the Book of Kings. For the historian, having made allusion to the early manifestation of Josiah's zeal, goes on with a full detail of all the measures this good king adopted for the extirpation of idolatry; whereas the author of the Book of Kings sets out with the cleansing of the temple, immediately previous to the celebration of the passover, and embraces that occasion to give a general description of Josiah's policy for freeing the land from idolatrous pollution. The exact chronological order is not followed either in Kings or Chronicles. But it is clearly recorded in both that the abolition of idolatry began in the twelfth and was completed in the eighteenth year of Josiah's reign. Notwithstanding Josiah's undoubted sincerity and zeal and the people's apparent compliance with the king's orders, he could not extinguish a strongly rooted attachment to idolatries introduced in the early part of Manasseh's reign. This latent predilection appears unmistakably developed in the subsequent reigns, and the divine decree for the removal of Judah, as well as Israel, into captivity was irrevocably passed.
4
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简体中文
4. 那些向它们献祭之人的坟墓——他视这些坟墓本身也有躺在其中之人所犯的罪 [贝特奥（BERTHEAU）]。
英文原文
4. the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them--He treated the graves themselves as guilty of the crimes of those who were lying in them [BERTHEAU].
5
无标题
简体中文
5. 他将祭司的骨头烧在他们的坛上——再没有比掘出他们的遗骸更使拜偶像的祭司蒙羞的，也再没有比在他们生前曾任职的偶像祭坛上焚烧他们的骨头更使这些祭坛被玷污的。
英文原文
5. he burnt the bones of the priests upon their altars--A greater brand of infamy could not have been put on idolatrous priests than the disinterment of their bones, and a greater defilement could not have been done to the altars of idolatry than the burning upon them the bones of those who had there officiated in their lifetime.
6
无标题
简体中文
6. 用锼子——或作「在他们的荒野」，如此本节便是：「他在玛拿西、以法莲、西缅各城，直到拿弗他利，在它们荒废的郊野，也是这样行」〔即拆毁祭坛、焚烧祭司的骨头〕。读者也许会诧异，约西亚的世袭版图既限于犹大国，何以能在以法莲、玛拿西、西缅等支派中、远至拿弗他利，行使如同在自己境内一样的权柄。因此必须注意：自从撒缦以色毁灭撒玛利亚之后，留存以色列山地的余民与犹大保持着密切往来，并以该国的君主为天然的保护者。那些王对他们取得了很大的影响力，约西亚便借此将偶像崇拜的遗迹从那地一一清除。他若没有百姓对此举之正当性的默认——他们深觉这是合乎其古制和典章的——便不能如此行。如今掌管该国的亚述诸王，也许对约沙法在自己领土之外所擅取的举动不满。但他们要么未获悉他的作为，要么不愿过问他的宗教举措——他们必以为这不过是关乎那地之神的事，何况他也未试图占据任何地方，也未扰乱百姓的效忠 [加尔默（CALMET）]。
英文原文
6. with their mattocks--or, "in their deserts"--so that the verse will stand thus: "And so did [namely, break the altars and burn the bones of priests] he in the cities of Manasseh, and Ephraim, and Simeon, even unto Naphtali, in their deserted suburbs." The reader is apt to be surprised on finding that Josiah, whose hereditary possessions were confined to the kingdom of Judah, exercised as much authority among the tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh, Simeon, and others as far as Naphtali, as he did within his own dominion. Therefore, it is necessary to observe that, after the destruction of Samaria by Shalmaneser, the remnant that continued on the mountains of Israel maintained a close intercourse with Judah, and looked to the sovereigns of that kingdom as their natural protectors. Those kings acquired great influence over them, which Josiah exercised in removing every vestige of idolatry from the land. He could not have done this without the acquiescence of the people in the propriety of this proceeding, conscious that this was conformable to their ancient laws and institutions. The Assyrian kings, who were now masters of the country, might have been displeased at the liberties Josiah took beyond his own territories. But either they were not informed of his doings, or they did not trouble themselves about his religious proceedings, relating, as they would think, to the god of the land, especially as he did not attempt to seize upon any place or to disturb the allegiance of the people [CALMET].
8
2Ch 34:8-18.
简体中文
2Ch 34:8-18.
他修理圣殿
8. 他作王第十八年……差沙番——（参看
2Ki 22:3-9
的注释）。
英文原文
2Ch 34:8-18.
HE REPAIRS THE TEMPLE.
8. in the eighteenth year of his reign . . . he sent Shaphan--(See on
2Ki 22:3-9).
19
2Ch 34:19-33.
简体中文
2Ch 34:19-33.
他命人宣读律法，重新坚定神与百姓之间的约
19. 王听见律法上的话等——（参看
2Ki 22:11-20；
23:1-3
的注释）。
英文原文
2Ch 34:19-33.
AND, CAUSING THE LAW TO BE READ, RENEWS THE COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND THE PEOPLE.
19. when the king had heard the words of the law, &c.--(See on
2Ki 22:11-20;
23:1-3).
2Ch 34:1, 2.
约西亚行善道
1. 约西亚登基的时候年八岁——（参看
2Ki 22:1
的注释）。
论到他始终不渝、坚守真道之信仰的见证，使他的品格与作王期间与许多先王形成可敬的对比。