1
Ac 12:1-19.
简体中文
英文原文
Ac 12:1-19.
PERSECUTION OF THE CHURCH BY HEROD AGRIPPA I--MARTYRDOM OF JAMES AND MIRACULOUS DELIVERANCE OF PETER.
1-3. Herod the king--grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus. He at this time ruled over all his father's dominions. PALEY has remarked the accuracy of the historian here. For thirty years before this there was no king at Jerusalem exercising supreme authority over Judea, nor was there ever afterwards, save during the three last years of Herod's life, within which the transactions occurred.
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2. 用刀杀了雅各——将他斩首。按犹太人的看法，是最屈辱的刑罚。蒙福的殉道者啊。你确实「喝了主的杯，受了他的洗」。（参见
Mr 10:38-40。）
这对教会是痛切的损失。关于他，除福音书所记之外别无所知，但他作为主纳入最亲密之列三人之一的地位，会使教会以敬重与爱戴仰望他——这敬重与爱戴甚至他们的敌人都会听闻。他们只能扑向一位更被看重的牺牲品；他们在首次得手之后便怂恿希律也将他捉拿。
英文原文
2. killed James . . . with the sword--beheaded him; a most ignominious mode of punishment, according to the Jews. Blessed martyr! Thou hast indeed "drunk of thy Lord's cup, and hast been baptized with his baptism." (See on
Mr 10:38-40.)
A grievous loss this would be to the Church; for though nothing is known of him beyond what we read in the Gospels, the place which he had as one of the three whom the Lord admitted to His closest intimacy would lead the Church to look up to him with a reverence and affection which even their enemies would come to hear of. They could spring only upon one more prized victim; and flushed with their first success, they prevail upon Herod to seize him also.
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Ac 12:3.
3. 他见犹太人喜欢这事——博取名声是这位希律的主要激情，他天生并不像这家族中的某些人那样残酷[JOSEPHUS《犹太古史》19.7.3]。
又去捉拿彼得——在教会的这一阶段，他的损失就我们所见是不可弥补的。
那时候正是除酵的日子——共七日，在宰食逾越节羊羔之后，犹太人家中不可有酵
(Ex 12:15, 19)。
英文原文
3. because he saw it pleased the Jews--Popularity was the ruling passion of this Herod, not naturally so cruel as some of the family [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 19.7.3].
to take Peter also--whose loss, at this stage of the Church, would have been, so far as we can see, irreparable.
Then were the days of unleavened bread--seven in number, during which, after killing and eating the Passover, no leaven was allowed in Jewish houses
(Ex 12:15, 19).
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Ac 12:4.
4. 交在四班兵丁手里——即四组、每组四人，对应罗马的四更；两更在监里、两更守门，每组当值一更的时间。
要在逾越节后——「过了逾越节」，即整个节期过后。（中文译本所用的是较晚的教会用语，在此本不该使用。）
把他提出来，办他——即处决他；因在「除酵的日子」或任何宗教节期之内，犹太人有忌讳审问或处死人的成见。
英文原文
4. delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers--that is, to four parties of four each, corresponding to the four Roman watches; two watching in prison and two at the gates, and each party being on duty for the space of one watch.
intending after Easter--rather, "after the Passover"; that is, after the whole festival was over. (The word in our King James Version is an ecclesiastical term of later date, and ought not to have been employed here).
to bring him forth to the people--for execution; for during "the days of unleavened bread," or the currency of any religious festival, the Jews had a prejudice against trying or putting anyone to death.
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Ac 12:5.
5, 6. 教会却为他切切地祷告神——更宜作「恳切」、「殷勤」、「迫切」（边注）；如
Lu 22:44; Ac 26:7; 1Pe 4:8
（见希腊文）。
教会——不是在公开聚会中，因显然公开聚集并不安全；而是在私宅的小群中，其中之一是马利亚的家
(Ac 12:12)。
这在除酵的日子的全程一直持续。
英文原文
5, 6. prayer was made without ceasing--rather, "instant," "earnest," "urgent" (Margin); as in
Lu 22:44; Ac 26:7; and 1Pe 4:8
(see Greek).
of the church unto God for him--not in public assembly, for it was evidently not safe to meet thus; but in little groups in private houses, one of which was Mary's
(Ac 12:12).
And this was kept up during all the days of unleavened bread.
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Ac 12:6.
6. 希律将要提他出来的前一夜——「正要提他出来」。
那一夜——距预定的处决不过数小时。门徒们如此长久地等候着；他们的祷告看来无效，他们的信心——从下文看来——也在消退。然而这正是神行事的「法则」
(De 32:36，
并见
Joh 21:3的注释)。
彼得被两条铁链锁着，睡在两个兵丁当中——罗马囚犯有一条链子，一端锁在自己右手腕上，另一端锁在士兵左手腕上，让看守的右臂在囚犯企图逃脱时保持自由。为更稳妥起见，囚犯有时——如这里——被锁在两名士兵之间，每边一人。（见
Ac 21:23。）
嗜血的祭司们啊，你们以为猎物安稳吗？你这为「讨好犹太人」而把基督最杰出的仆人关在双重门内、由双重步哨看守、且双重守卫和双重锁链似乎使一切营救都成为徒然的谄媚暴君啊！祭司长们「将主的坟墓把守妥当、封了石头、设了守卫」时，也曾这样想。但「那坐在天上的必发笑」。与此同时，「彼得却在睡觉！」再过几小时他便预期一种无痛的死；他「不以性命为念，只要以喜乐走完他业已从主耶稣所领受的服事」。在这样的心境外，他入睡了，安然躺卧，如同和平的化身。
英文原文
6. And when Herod would have brought him forth--"was going to bring him forth."
the same night--but a few hours before the intended execution. Thus long were the disciples kept waiting; their prayers apparently unavailing, and their faith, as would seem from the sequel, waxing feeble. Such, however, is the "law" of God's procedure
(De 32:36
and see on
Joh 21:3).
Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains--Roman prisoners had a chain fastened at one end to the wrist of their fight hand, and at the other to the wrist of a soldier's left hand, leaving the right arm of the keeper free in case of any attempt to escape. For greater security the prisoner was sometimes, as here, chained to two soldiers, one on each side. (See
Ac 21:23.)
Ye think your prey secure, bloodthirsty priests and thou obsequious tyrant who, to "please the Jews," hast shut in this most eminent of the servants of Christ within double gates, guarded by double sentinels, while double keepers and double chains seem to defy all rescue! So thought the chief priests, who "made the sepulchre of the Lord sure, sealing the stone and setting a watch." But "He that sitteth in heaven shall laugh at you." Meanwhile, "Peter is sleeping!" In a few hours he expects a stingless death; "neither counts he his life dear unto him, so that he may finish his course with joy and the ministry which he has received of the Lord Jesus." In this frame of spirit he has dropped asleep, and lies the picture of peace.
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Ac 12:7.
7-11. 主的使者——更宜作「一位使者」。
临到——如
Lu 2:9
所用，表达这次访临的出人意料。
拍彼得的肋旁，说，快快起来。那铁链就从他手上脱落……束上带子……他就照样而行……披上外衣——为夜间所脱下的内袍。
英文原文
7-11. the angel of the Lord--rather, "an angel."
came upon him--so in
Lu 2:9,
expressive of the unexpected nature of the visit.
smote Peter on the side . . . Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off . . . Gird thyself . . . And so he did . . . Cast thy garment--tunic, which he had thrown off for the night.
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Ac 12:8.
8. 披上外衣……跟着我来——在如此细致入微的描写中，我们看到真实性的可喜印记：命令的简捷与紧凑、被遵从的迅速，都显示出在那种情势下所需的果断。
英文原文
8. about thee . . . follow me--In such graphic minuteness of detail we have a charming mark of reality: while the rapidity and curtness of the orders, and the promptitude with which they were obeyed, betoken the despatch which, in the circumstances, was necessary.
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Ac 12:9.
9. 彼得不知道所见的是真事，只当见了异象——使徒对获释竟如此毫无期待！
英文原文
9. wist not that it was true; but thought he saw a vision--So little did the apostle look for deliverance!
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10. 第一层、第二层监牢……进城的那铁门——我们只能推测这一切的准确含义，因为并不知晓监狱的位置。
穿过一条街，天使立刻离开他去了——当他已将彼得安置在追捕之外时。如此，「他叫有智慧的人中了自己的诡计，使他们的计谋成就不了」
(Job 5:12)。
英文原文
10. first and the second ward . . . the iron gate that leadeth unto the city--We can only conjecture the precise meaning of all this, not knowing the position of the prison.
passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him--when he had placed him beyond pursuit. Thus "He disappointeth the devices of the crafty, so that their heads cannot perform their enterprise"
(Job 5:12).
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11. 彼得醒悟过来——从迷惘中恢复过来，有时间回顾那如此迅速地接连发生的一切步骤。
我现在真知道主差遣他的使者，救了我等——这又是一个证据，表明彼得在此情景中除了以鲜血印证自己的见证之外，并未期待别的。
英文原文
11. when Peter was come to himself--recovered from his bewilderment, and had time to look back upon all the steps that had followed each other in such rapid succession.
Now I know of a surety, that the Lord hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me, &c.--another evidence that Peter expected nothing but to seal his testimony with his blood on this occasion.
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12-17. 他到了马利亚的家等——「她必有相当规模的房屋才能容纳一大群人；相应地，我们读到她的兄弟巴拿巴
(Col 4:10)
是个有家产的人
(Ac 4:37)。
她也必因信心与勇气出众，才能在迫害中允许这样的聚会」[WEBSTER and WILKINSON]。彼得自然会来到这样的家中。
约翰……马可的母亲——如此称呼，是为了将他与同名的使徒区分开来，也将她与其他的马利亚区分开。
在那里有好些人聚集祷告——无疑是为彼得的获释祷告，而且在这除酵节的最后一日——这是他们最后的指望——必是整夜向神祷告。
英文原文
12-17. he came to the house of Mary, &c.--who "must have had a house of some pretensions to receive a large number; and, accordingly, we read that her brother Barnabas
(Col 4:10)
was a person of substance
(Ac 4:37).
She must also have been distinguished for faith and courage to allow such a meeting in the face of persecution" [WEBSTER and WILKINSON]. To such a house it was natural that Peter should come.
mother of John . . . Mark--so called to distinguish him from the apostle of that name, and to distinguish her from the other Marys.
where many were gathered together praying--doubtless for Peter's deliverance, and continuing, no doubt, on this the last of the days of unleavened bread, which was their last hope, all night in prayer to God.
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13. 出来听——不是出来开门；因为无论从时辰还是夜晚的时刻来说都不是开门的时候，而是要听一听是谁在那里。
英文原文
13. came to hearken--not to open; for neither was it a time nor an hour of night for that, but to listen who was there.
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14. 因为欢喜，不得开门，就跑进去报信等——这是何等精妙的天性流露！
英文原文
14. opened not for gladness, but ran in and told, &c.--How exquisite is this touch of nature!
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15. 你疯了——当人听到似乎「好得不真实」的事时，几乎难以抑制地发出这种感叹。
她极力地说——「坚持肯定地说」。
真是如此。他们说：必是他的天使——即他脱离了身体的灵，他的鬼魂；实际上，是任何别的，而非他自己。尽管在除酵节的所有日子里，这是他们热切祷告的内容，他们却自己争辩说这是不可信的事而加以否定。然而，这不过是门徒的那种不信——他们对主复活的消息「欢喜得不敢信」而希奇。我们何常为自己所求之事祷告，当它在祷告中得蒙应允时却几乎不敢相信！不过，这与其说是刚硬的不信，不如说是这影儿之地中即使最优秀的人也难免遭遇的那种——他们未能如可能的那般清楚看见天与地、主与他祷告的子民彼此何等相近。
英文原文
15. Thou art mad--one of those exclamations which one can hardly resist on hearing what seems far "too good to be true."
she constantly affirmed--"kept steadfastly affirming."
that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel--his disembodied spirit, his ghost; anything, in fact, rather than himself. Though this had been the burden of their fervent prayers during all the days of unleavened bread, they dispute themselves out of it as a thing incredible. Still, it is but the unbelief of the disciples who "believed not for joy and wondered" at the tidings of their Lord's resurrection. How often do we pray for what we can hardly credit the bestowment of, when it comes in answer to our prayers! This, however, argues not so much hard unbelief as that kind of it incident to the best in this land of shadows, which perceives not so clearly as it might how very near heaven and earth, the Lord and His praying people, are to each other.
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16. 彼得不住地敲门——耽延是危险的。
英文原文
16. Peter continued knocking--delay being dangerous.
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17. 彼得摆手，不要他们出声——这是生动的细节。在欢喜惊奇、七嘴八舌的盘问中，或许夹杂着彼此之间因久久不信罗大的见证而互相抛出的指责；而使徒自己灵里的感动太过深沉严肃，未等他以手势表示要求完全安静之前，不便参与这样的表现或说一句话。
你们把这些事告诉雅各和弟兄们——亚勒腓的儿子雅各——十二使徒之一，通常称为「小雅各」，以及「主的兄弟雅各」
(Ga 1:19)，
是否为同一人；如果不是，此处所指的雅各是前者还是后者——评论家们的意见截然分歧，整个问题是其中最困难的一个。在我们看来，有充分理由认为他们不是同一人，而此处及整卷《使徒行传》所指的，是使徒雅各。（此事容后详述。）雅各被单独提出，因为他可能已开始承担耶路撒冷教会的监督之职，这是我们后来看到他行使的
(Ac 15:1-29)。
于是出去，往别处去了——照他主明确的命令
(Mt 10:23)。
从前被奇妙地从监牢中释放时，他被吩咐去对百姓说话
(Ac 5:20)，
他照着行了；但在本案中公开露面就是试探神、自取灭亡。
英文原文
17. But he, beckoning . . . with his hand to hold their peace--a lively touch this. In the hubbub of joyful and wondering interrogatories there might mingle reflections, thrown out by one against another, for holding out so long against the testimony of Rhoda; while the emotion of the apostle's own spirit would be too deep and solemn to take part in such demonstrations or utter a word till, with his hand, he had signified his wish for perfect silence.
Go show these things unto James and to the brethren--Whether James the son of Alpheus, one of the Twelve, usually known as "James the Less," and "James the Lord's brother"
(Ga 1:19),
were the same person; and if not, whether the James here referred to was the former or the latter, critics are singularly divided, and the whole question is one of the most difficult. To us, it appears that there are strong reasons for thinking that they were not the same person, and that the one here meant, and throughout the Acts, is the apostle James. (But on this more hereafter). James is singled out, because he had probably begun to take the oversight of the Church in Jerusalem, which we afterwards find him exercising
(Ac 15:1-29).
And he departed, and went into another place--according to his Lord's express command
(Mt 10:23).
When told, on a former miraculous liberation from prison, to go and speak unto the people
(Ac 5:20),
he did it; but in this case to present himself in public would have been to tempt God by rushing upon certain destruction.
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18, 19. 天亮的时候等——他的获释必定是在四更天（凌晨三时至六时）之间；否则看守必会在换岗时发现他不见了[WIES]。
英文原文
18, 19. as soon as it was day, &c.--His deliverance must have been during the fourth watch (three to six A.M.); else he must have been missed by the keepers at the change of the watch [WIES].
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19. 审问看守的人——他们要么如我们主坟墓的看守一样，「震动，变得如同死人」
(Mt 28:4)，
要么在值守时睡着了，被神圣地阻止了醒来。
吩咐把他们杀了——徒然的报复！
英文原文
19. examined the keepers--who, either like the keepers of our Lord's sepulchre, had "shaken and become as dead men"
(Mt 28:4),
or had slept on their watch and been divinely kept from awaking.
commanded that they should be put to death--Impotent vengeance!
20
Ac 12:20-25.
简体中文
Ac 12:20-25.
希律的悲惨结局——福音日益兴旺——巴拿巴和扫罗回到安提阿。
20. 希律向推罗、西顿的人发怒——原因不明；但其对商业关系的影响使后者急于求和。
他们那一带地方是从王的地土得粮食——参
1Ki 5:11; Ezr 3:7; Eze 27:17。
也许饥荒
(Ac 11:28)
使他们更加迫切地要求和解。
英文原文
Ac 12:20-25.
HEROD'S MISERABLE END--GROWING SUCCESS OF THE GOSPEL--BARNABAS AND SAUL RETURN TO ANTIOCH.
20. Herod was . . . displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon--for some reason unknown; but the effect on their commercial relations made the latter glad to sue for peace.
their country was nourished by the king's country--See
1Ki 5:11; Ezr 3:7; Eze 27:17.
Perhaps the famine
(Ac 11:28)
made them the more urgent for reconciliation.
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21. 希律在所定的日子穿上朝服，坐在位上，对他们讲论——特别是向推罗人和西顿人。
英文原文
21. And upon a set day Herod . . . made an oration unto them--to the Tyrians and Sidonians especially.
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22, 23. 百姓喊着说等——约瑟夫[JOSEPHUS]对他之死的记述与这里惊人地相似[Antiquities, 19.8.2]。历史上有数例类似的死亡。这个可悲之人比他所打算当众戏弄的那人更接近自己的末日。
英文原文
22, 23. the people gave a shout, &c.--JOSEPHUS' account of his death is remarkably similar to this [Antiquities, 19.8.2]. Several cases of such deaths occur in history. Thus was this wretched man nearer his end than he of whom he had thought to make a public spectacle.
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24. 神的道等——意即：不仅那位王室代表被不光彩地从历史舞台上扫除，而他所要害的人却得以存留归给教会，而且他和那些煽动他的犹太人所企图摧毁的事业，反倒因此更加兴旺、更得荣耀。这一切对历代基督教会而言，何等充满鼓舞与安慰！
英文原文
24. But the word grew, &c.--that is, Not only was the royal representative ignominiously swept from the stage, while his intended victim was spared to the Church, but the cause which he and his Jewish instigators sought to crush was only furthered and glorified. How full of encouragement and consolation is all this to the Christian Church in every age!
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25. 巴拿巴和扫罗从耶路撒冷回来——可见他们在整个逼迫期间一直留在那里。
办完了他们的事——即服事；所指的就是
徒 11:29, 30
所提的那件事。
带着称呼马可的约翰同去——(参
徒 12:12
注释)，
不可与第二位福音书作者混淆，尽管常有人如此混淆。正如他的舅父是巴拿巴，同样他属灵的父亲是彼得
(彼前 5:13)。
英文原文
25. Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem--where, it thus appears, they had remained during all this persecution.
when they had fulfilled their ministry--or service; that mentioned on
Ac 11:29, 30.
took with them John . . . Mark--(See on
Ac 12:12),
not to be confounded with the second Evangelist, as is often done. As his uncle was Barnabas, so his spiritual father was Peter
(1Pe 5:13).
Ac 12:1-19.
希律· 亚基帕一世 对教会的 逼迫—— 雅各的 殉道与 彼得的 奇妙获救。
1-3. 希律王——希律大帝之孙，亚里斯多布之子。此时他统治着父亲全部的领土。PALEY指出此处历史家的准确。此前三十年，耶路撒冷没有一位对犹太行使最高权力的王，此后也没有，除非是希律一生的最后三年，这些事件即发生于此期间。