1
De 25:1-19.
简体中文
英文原文
De 25:1-19.
STRIPES MUST NOT EXCEED FORTY.
2
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简体中文
2, 3. 恶人若该受责打——在判处轻于死刑的刑罚时，鞭刑，正如埃及的笞刑，是执行判决最常用的方式。然而摩西律法引入了两项重要的限制：（1）刑罚当在审判官面前执行，而不是由某个冷酷的差役私下执行；（2）最高数额限定为四十下，而不是按审判官的任意意志或情绪而定。埃及的统治者，正如土耳其和中国的统治者一样，常常打到致死或终身致残。最初的鞭子由什么构成，我们不得而知；但在后来的时代，犹太人因谨守律法的字句、又怕误算而盼望不超过所定之限，便以三条绳子末端系皮带制成，十三下计为三十九下
(林后 11:24)。
英文原文
2, 3. if the wicked man be worthy to be beaten--In judicial sentences, which awarded punishment short of capital, scourging, like the Egyptian bastinado, was the most common form in which they were executed. The Mosaic law, however, introduced two important restrictions; namely: (1) The punishment should be inflicted in presence of the judge instead of being inflicted in private by some heartless official; and (2) The maximum amount of it should be limited to forty stripes, instead of being awarded according to the arbitrary will or passion of the magistrate. The Egyptian, like Turkish and Chinese rulers, often applied the stick till they caused death or lameness for life. Of what the scourge consisted at first we are not informed; but in later times, when the Jews were exceedingly scrupulous in adhering to the letter of the law and, for fear of miscalculation, were desirous of keeping within the prescribed limit, it was formed of three cords, terminating in leathern thongs, and thirteen strokes of this counted as thirty-nine stripes
(2Co 11:24).
4
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简体中文
4. 牛在场上踹谷的时候，不可笼住它的嘴——在犹太地，正如现代叙利亚和埃及，较大的谷物是用牛脚踹脱粒的；牛被套在一起，日复一日在宽阔的脱谷场上踹踏。牛只可以随意捡一口吃——这是摩西律法所引介的一条明智而人道的规定（参
林前 9:9; 提前 5:17, 18)。
英文原文
4. Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn--In Judea, as in modern Syria and Egypt, the larger grains were beaten out by the feet of oxen, which, yoked together, day after day trod round the wide open spaces which form the threshing-floors. The animals were allowed freely to pick up a mouthful, when they chose to do so: a wise as well as humane regulation, introduced by the law of Moses (compare
1Co 9:9; 1Ti 5:17, 18).
5
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简体中文
5-10. 死人的妻不可嫁外人……她丈夫的兄弟……要娶她为妻——这一习俗在摩西之前就已存在
(创 38:8)。
但摩西律法使这习俗对弟弟或最近的亲属成为义务
(太 22:25)，
要娶寡妇为妻
(得 4:4)，
将延续兄弟名字的自然愿望与保存希伯来家族和支派的产业联系起来。弟弟若不肯遵行律法，寡妇便在城门口的公开集会中将申诉呈给当地官长；他既已宣告拒绝，她就要解开他鞋上的带子——这是一种羞辱的记号——并随即吐唾于地——这是东方人表达极度鄙夷和蔑视的最强烈方式。那只鞋由审判官作为此事的证据保留，双方就此分别。
英文原文
5-10. the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger: her husband's brother . . . shall take her to him to wife--This usage existed before the age of Moses
(Ge 38:8).
But the Mosaic law rendered the custom obligatory
(Mt 22:25)
on younger brothers, or the nearest kinsman, to marry the widow
(Ru 4:4),
by associating the natural desire of perpetuating a brother's name with the preservation of property in the Hebrew families and tribes. If the younger brother declined to comply with the law, the widow brought her claim before the authorities of the place at a public assembly (the gate of the city); and he having declared his refusal, she was ordered to loose the thong of his shoe--a sign of degradation--following up that act by spitting on the ground-- the strongest expression of ignominy and contempt among Eastern people. The shoe was kept by the magistrate as an evidence of the transaction, and the parties separated.
13
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简体中文
13-16. 你不可有……两样的法码——古时的法码用石头制成，至今仍为东方店主和商人常用，他们从袋中取出放入天平。不被那商人及其一袋两样法码所欺骗的人，必比大多数同伴更机敏〔ROBERTS〕。（参
箴 16:11; 20:10)。
英文原文
13-16. Thou shalt not have . . . divers weights--Weights were anciently made of stone and are frequently used still by Eastern shopkeepers and traders, who take them out of the bag and put them in the balance. The man who is not cheated by the trader and his bag of divers weights must be blessed with more acuteness than most of his fellows [ROBERTS]. (Compare
Pr 16:11; 20:10).
17
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简体中文
17-19. 你要记念你们出埃及的时候，亚玛力人在路上怎样待你——这一冷血怯懦的暴行在前面的历史中并未记载
(出 17:14)。
这是对自然与人类律法的无端侵犯，也是对那位曾如此显著向以色列施恩之神的公然挑衅（参
《撒母耳记上》第15章；
27章第8节；
第30章)。
英文原文
17-19. Remember what Amalek did--This cold-blooded and dastardly atrocity is not narrated in the previous history
(Ex 17:14).
It was an unprovoked outrage on the laws of nature and humanity, as well as a daring defiance of that God who had so signally shown His favor towards Israel (see on
1 Samuel 15;
- 8;
30).
申 25:1-19。
责打不可超过四十下。