1
De 25:1-19.
繁體中文
英文原文
De 25:1-19.
STRIPES MUST NOT EXCEED FORTY.
2
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繁體中文
2, 3. 惡人若該受責打——在判處輕於死刑的刑罰時，鞭刑，正如埃及的笞刑，是執行判決最常用的方式。然而摩西律法引入了兩項重要的限制：（1）刑罰當在審判官面前執行，而不是由某個冷酷的差役私下執行；（2）最高數額限定為四十下，而不是按審判官的任意意志或情緒而定。埃及的統治者，正如土耳其和中國的統治者一樣，常常打到致死或終身致殘。最初的鞭子由什麼構成，我們不得而知；但在後來的時代，猶太人因謹守律法的字句、又怕誤算而盼望不超過所定之限，便以三條繩子末端繫皮帶製成，十三下計為三十九下
(林後 11:24)。
英文原文
2, 3. if the wicked man be worthy to be beaten--In judicial sentences, which awarded punishment short of capital, scourging, like the Egyptian bastinado, was the most common form in which they were executed. The Mosaic law, however, introduced two important restrictions; namely: (1) The punishment should be inflicted in presence of the judge instead of being inflicted in private by some heartless official; and (2) The maximum amount of it should be limited to forty stripes, instead of being awarded according to the arbitrary will or passion of the magistrate. The Egyptian, like Turkish and Chinese rulers, often applied the stick till they caused death or lameness for life. Of what the scourge consisted at first we are not informed; but in later times, when the Jews were exceedingly scrupulous in adhering to the letter of the law and, for fear of miscalculation, were desirous of keeping within the prescribed limit, it was formed of three cords, terminating in leathern thongs, and thirteen strokes of this counted as thirty-nine stripes
(2Co 11:24).
4
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4. 牛在場上踹穀的時候，不可籠住牠的嘴——在猶太地，正如現代敘利亞和埃及，較大的穀物是用牛腳踹脫粒的；牛被套在一起，日復一日在寬闊的脫穀場上踹踏。牛隻可以隨意撿一口吃——這是摩西律法所引介的一條明智而人道的規定（參
林前 9:9; 提前 5:17, 18)。
英文原文
4. Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn--In Judea, as in modern Syria and Egypt, the larger grains were beaten out by the feet of oxen, which, yoked together, day after day trod round the wide open spaces which form the threshing-floors. The animals were allowed freely to pick up a mouthful, when they chose to do so: a wise as well as humane regulation, introduced by the law of Moses (compare
1Co 9:9; 1Ti 5:17, 18).
5
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5-10. 死人的妻不可嫁外人……她丈夫的兄弟……要娶她為妻——這一習俗在摩西之前就已存在
(創 38:8)。
但摩西律法使這習俗對弟弟或最近的親屬成為義務
(太 22:25)，
要娶寡婦為妻
(得 4:4)，
將延續兄弟名字的自然願望與保存希伯來家族和支派的產業聯繫起來。弟弟若不肯遵行律法，寡婦便在城門口的公開集會中將申訴呈給當地官長；他既已宣告拒絕，她就要解開他鞋上的帶子——這是一種羞辱的記號——並隨即吐唾於地——這是東方人表達極度鄙夷和蔑視的最強烈方式。那隻鞋由審判官作為此事的證據保留，雙方就此分別。
英文原文
5-10. the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger: her husband's brother . . . shall take her to him to wife--This usage existed before the age of Moses
(Ge 38:8).
But the Mosaic law rendered the custom obligatory
(Mt 22:25)
on younger brothers, or the nearest kinsman, to marry the widow
(Ru 4:4),
by associating the natural desire of perpetuating a brother's name with the preservation of property in the Hebrew families and tribes. If the younger brother declined to comply with the law, the widow brought her claim before the authorities of the place at a public assembly (the gate of the city); and he having declared his refusal, she was ordered to loose the thong of his shoe--a sign of degradation--following up that act by spitting on the ground-- the strongest expression of ignominy and contempt among Eastern people. The shoe was kept by the magistrate as an evidence of the transaction, and the parties separated.
13
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13-16. 你不可有……兩樣的法碼——古時的法碼以石頭製成，至今仍為東方的店主和商人所常用，他們從袋中取出放入天平。不被那商人和他的兩樣法碼所欺騙的人，必比大多數同輩更為機敏〔ROBERTS〕。
(比較 箴 16:11; 20:10)。
英文原文
13-16. Thou shalt not have . . . divers weights--Weights were anciently made of stone and are frequently used still by Eastern shopkeepers and traders, who take them out of the bag and put them in the balance. The man who is not cheated by the trader and his bag of divers weights must be blessed with more acuteness than most of his fellows [ROBERTS]. (Compare
Pr 16:11; 20:10).
17
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繁體中文
17-19. 你要記念你們出埃及的時候，亞瑪力人所行的——這樁冷酷而卑怯的暴行，在先前的歷史中並無詳述
(出 17:14)。
這是對自然和人道法則的無端侵犯，也是對那位已如此顯著地向以色列施恩之神的公然挑釁
(參 撒上 15;
27:8;
30)。
英文原文
17-19. Remember what Amalek did--This cold-blooded and dastardly atrocity is not narrated in the previous history
(Ex 17:14).
It was an unprovoked outrage on the laws of nature and humanity, as well as a daring defiance of that God who had so signally shown His favor towards Israel (see on
1 Samuel 15;
- 8;
30).
申 25:1-19.
鞭刑不得超過四十。