1
De 4:1-13.
简体中文
英文原文
De 4:1-13.
AN EXHORTATION TO OBEDIENCE.
1. hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you--By statutes were meant all ordinances respecting religion and the rites of divine worship; and by judgments, all enactments relative to civil matters. The two embraced the whole law of God.
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2. 我所吩咐你们的话，你们不可加添——即不可引入任何与我所定规不同的异教迷信或敬拜形式
（申 12:32； 民 15:39； 太 15:9）。
也不可删减——即不可因轻忽或遗漏我所规定、无论看似多么细微或繁琐的任何礼仪。古代律法安排的性质与条文，都因着神圣的智慧，配合教会那尚在幼年阶段的情形。但这不过是暂时的制度；虽然神在此授权摩西吩咐人当永不懈怠地遵行这一切条例，但这并不妨碍祂在那一制度的目的达成后，差遣别的先知来更改或废止这些条例。
英文原文
2. Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you--by the introduction of any heathen superstition or forms of worship different from those which I have appointed
(De 12:32; Nu 15:39; Mt 15:9).
neither shall ye diminish aught from it--by the neglect or omission of any of the observances, however trivial or irksome, which I have prescribed. The character and provisions of the ancient dispensation were adapted with divine wisdom to the instruction of that infant state of the church. But it was only a temporary economy; and although God here authorizes Moses to command that all its institutions should be honored with unfailing observance, this did not prevent Him from commissioning other prophets to alter or abrogate them when the end of that dispensation was attained.
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3, 4. 你们亲眼看见耶和华因巴力·毗珥所行的事……耶和华你的神已经将他们从你们中间灭绝了——可见
(民 25:1-9)
那事件中，瘟疫与公义之剑只追上罪人，其余的百姓则蒙了保全。对这一最近而可畏之审判的引述，正是反对偶像崇拜的有力劝阻；而所提的事实，对知情且深有感受的百姓必能留下深刻印象。
英文原文
3, 4. Your eyes have seen what the Lord did because of Baal-peor . . . the Lord thy God hath destroyed them from among you--It appears that the pestilence and the sword of justice overtook only the guilty in that affair
(Nu 25:1-9)
while the rest of the people were spared. The allusion to that recent and appalling judgment was seasonably made as a powerful dissuasive against idolatry, and the fact mentioned was calculated to make a deep impression on people who knew and felt the truth of it.
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5, 6. 在万民眼前的智慧、聪明……他们听见这一切律例——摩西预言，他们忠实地遵行所赐的律法，将提升其民族的智慧和见识。事实上确然如此；因为虽然异教世界普遍嘲笑希伯来人，视其排他性为愚拙可笑，但一些最杰出的哲学家却对犹太教的根本原则——神的独一性——表达了极高的钦佩；他们的立法者也从希伯来人的宪制中借鉴了一些律法。
英文原文
5, 6. this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes--Moses predicted that the faithful observance of the laws given them would raise their national character for intelligence and wisdom. In point of fact it did do so; for although the heathen world generally ridiculed the Hebrews for what they considered a foolish and absurd exclusiveness, some of the most eminent philosophers expressed the highest admiration of the fundamental principle in the Jewish religion--the unity of God; and their legislators borrowed some laws from the constitution of the Hebrews.
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7-9. 哪一大国——他用如此有力而全面的话语描述他们的特权与责任，特别能抓住他们的注意力、引起他们的关切。前者，即他们的国家优势，在
(申 4:7, 8)
有所描述，有双重：1. 神随时乐意听允并帮助他们；2. 他们所受教的那宗教的卓越，体现于摩西律法中"如此公义的律例典章"。与他们这一卓越特权相对应的责任也是双重的：1. 他们自己要忠实地遵行那律法；2. 他们有义务将同样的敬畏和敬重之情灌输给年青一代。
英文原文
7-9. what nation is there so great--Here he represents their privileges and their duty in such significant and comprehensive terms, as were peculiarly calculated to arrest their attention and engage their interest. The former, their national advantages, are described
(De 4:7, 8),
and they were twofold: 1. God's readiness to hear and aid them at all times; and 2. the excellence of that religion in which they were instructed, set forth in the "statutes and judgments so righteous" which the law of Moses contained. Their duty corresponding to these pre-eminent advantages as a people, was also twofold: 1. their own faithful obedience to that law; and 2. their obligation to imbue the minds of the young and rising generation with similar sentiments of reverence and respect for it.
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10. 你在何烈山站在耶和华……的那日——律法从西奈颁布，是以色列历史上永不可忘的时代。摩西所对听众中，有人当时虽年幼却在场；其余的人在圣约上都由其父母所代表——其父母以他们的名义、为他们属灵的益处进入了国家的圣约。
英文原文
10. the day that thou stoodest before the Lord . . . in Horeb--The delivery of the law from Sinai was an era never to be forgotten in the history of Israel. Some of those whom Moses was addressing had been present, though very young; while the rest were federally represented by their parents, who in their name and for their interest entered into the national covenant.
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12. 你们只听见声音，却没有看见形像——虽然从山上发出清晰可辨的声音，但说话的神并无任何形式或形象被看见，不能如异教徒的观念那样据以推断其性情或属性。
英文原文
12. ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude--Although articulate sounds were heard emanating from the mount, no form or representation of the Divine Being who spoke was seen to indicate His nature or properties according to the notions of the heathen.
14
De 4:14-40.
简体中文
申 4:14-40.
一项反对偶像崇拜的特别劝诫。
英文原文
De 4:14-40. A PARTICULAR DISSUASIVE AGAINST IDOLATRY.
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15. 所以你们要分外谨慎……因为你们没有看见什么形像——以色列人因处于已沉溺于偶像崇拜诱惑的周围列国之中，本身又极易陷入拜偶像，所以反复被提醒神在西奈并未以任何可见的形式显现；基于这一特殊情形，他们受到恳切的警告：不仅不可制造假神的形像，也不可制造任何对真神的臆想形像。
英文原文
15. Take . . . good heed . . . for ye saw no manner of similitude--The extreme proneness of the Israelites to idolatry, from their position in the midst of surrounding nations already abandoned to its seductions, accounts for their attention being repeatedly drawn to the fact that God did not appear on Sinai in any visible form; and an earnest caution, founded on that remarkable circumstance, is given to beware, not only of making representations of false gods, but also any fancied representation of the true God.
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16-19. 恐怕你们败坏自己，为自己雕刻偶像——此处列明神禁止人为敬拜之用制造其形像或代表之物；从所详述的种种细节，可以想见偶像崇拜在那个时代盛行到何等程度。无论偶像崇拜如何起源——是意图借那些似乎最能彰显神大能的事物来敬拜真神，还是以为神性本身寓于这些事物之中——自然界几乎没有一种元素或事物不被神化。迦南人和埃及人尤其如此，这一警告无疑主要是针对他们的迷信行为。前者拜巴力和亚斯他录，后者在男女形象下拜奥西里斯和伊西斯。动物崇拜在埃及最为盛行，因为该国居民在走兽中神化了牛、母牛、绵羊、山羊、狗、猫和猿；在飞鸟中神化了朱鹭、鹰和鹤；在爬虫中神化了鳄鱼、蛙和甲虫；在鱼类中神化了尼罗河的一切鱼类；其中有些，如奥西里斯和伊西斯，在全埃及受拜，其余的只在特定省份受拜。此外他们还接受撒比安（Zabian）迷信——埃及人连同许多其他民族的崇拜延伸到整个星空。此处所给关于迦南和埃及偶像崇拜的非常详尽的细节，是出于以色列人过去以及将来在这一切形式中对此的熟悉。
英文原文
16-19. Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image--The things are here specified of which God prohibited any image or representation to be made for the purposes of worship; and, from the variety of details entered into, an idea may be formed of the extensive prevalence of idolatry in that age. In whatever way idolatry originated, whether from an intention to worship the true God through those things which seemed to afford the strongest evidences of His power, or whether a divine principle was supposed to reside in the things themselves, there was scarcely an element or object of nature but was deified. This was particularly the case with the Canaanites and Egyptians, against whose superstitious practices the caution, no doubt, was chiefly directed. The former worshipped Baal and Astarte, the latter Osiris and Isis, under the figure of a male and a female. It was in Egypt that animal-worship most prevailed, for the natives of that country deified among beasts the ox, the heifer, the sheep, and the goat, the dog, the cat, and the ape; among birds, the ibis, the hawk, and the crane; among reptiles, the crocodile, the frog, and the beetle; among fishes, all the fish of the Nile; some of these, as Osiris and Isis, were worshipped over all Egypt, the others only in particular provinces. In addition they embraced the Zabian superstition, the adoration of the Egyptians, in common with that of many other people, extending to the whole starry host. The very circumstantial details here given of the Canaanitish and Egyptian idolatry were owing to the past and prospective familiarity of the Israelites with it in all these forms.
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20. 耶和华却将你们从铁炉中领出来——即炼铁的炉。这种炉呈圆形，有时深达三十英尺，需要最高的热度。如此可怕的意象被选用来代表以色列人为奴受苦的处境〔ROSENMULLER〕。
特作自己产业的子民——世世代代作祂特有的产业；因此你们若放弃对祂的敬拜而转向偶像，尤其是转向埃及人中所盛行的那种粗鄙败坏的偶像崇拜体系，将是最大的愚昧——最黑的忘恩。
英文原文
20. But the Lord hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace--that is, furnace for smelting iron. A furnace of this kind is round, sometimes thirty feet deep, and requiring the highest intensity of heat. Such is the tremendous image chosen to represent the bondage and affliction of the Israelites [ROSENMULLER].
to be unto him a people of inheritance--His peculiar possession from age to age; and therefore for you to abandon His worship for that of idols, especially the gross and debasing system of idolatry that prevails among the Egyptians, would be the greatest folly--the blackest ingratitude.
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26. 我今日呼天唤地向你们作见证——这种庄严的起誓形式，在万民的特殊情形中都常见。此处是比喻用法，正如圣经其他处呼召无生命之物作见证一样
(申 32:1; 赛 1:2)。
英文原文
26. I call heaven and earth to witness against you--This solemn form of adjuration has been common in special circumstances among all people. It is used here figuratively, or as in other parts of Scripture where inanimate objects are called up as witnesses
(De 32:1; Isa 1:2).
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28. 在那里你们必事奉人手所造的神——他们暴虐的征服者所施的强制手段将迫使他们陷入偶像崇拜，于是他们的选择就成了他们的刑罚。
英文原文
28. there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands--The compulsory measures of their tyrannical conquerors would force them into idolatry, so that their choice would become their punishment.
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30. 你在末后的日子回转归向耶和华你的神——或在他们的被掳命定终结临近时——那时他们表现出悔改与信心的回转之心；或在弥赛亚的时代——那时代通常称为"末后的日子"，以色列散落的各支派将要归向基督的福音。这一吉兆之事的发生，将成为
申 4:31
所立应许之真实性最辉煌的证明。
英文原文
30. in the latter days, if thou turn to the Lord thy God--either towards the destined close of their captivities, when they evinced a returning spirit of repentance and faith, or in the age of Messiah, which is commonly called "the latter days," and when the scattered tribes of Israel shall be converted to the Gospel of Christ. The occurrence of this auspicious event will be the most illustrious proof of the truth of the promise made in
De 4:31.
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41-43. 那时摩西在约旦河东，分出三座城——（参
书 20:7)。
英文原文
41-43. Then Moses severed three cities on this side Jordan--(See on
Jos 20:7).
44
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44-49. 这是摩西摆在以色列人面前的律法——这是律法复述的序言，以下各章就是这复述的内容，并加上了各种说明性的细节。
英文原文
44-49. this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel--This is a preface to the rehearsal of the law, which, with the addition of various explanatory circumstances, the following chapters contain.
46
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46. 伯毗珥——即"毗珥的殿"或"毗珥的家"。很可能这座摩押偶像的庙宇就在希伯来营盘的完全视野之内，正当摩西力陈神对其敬拜的独一主权之时；若这就是许多以色列人曾大大得罪神的庙宇，这一提及便极具意义。
英文原文
46. Beth-peor--that is, "house" or "temple of Peor." It is probable that a temple of this Moabite idol stood in full view of the Hebrew camp, while Moses was urging the exclusive claims of God to their worship, and this allusion would be very significant if it were the temple where so many of the Israelites had grievously offended.
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49. 毗斯迦的下坡——更常作亚实多毗斯迦
(申 3:17; 书 12:3; 13:20)，
指约旦河以东诸山的山根或山麓。
英文原文
49. The springs of Pisgah--more frequently, Ashdoth-pisgah
(De 3:17; Jos 12:3; 13:20),
the roots or foot of the mountains east of the Jordan.
De 4:1-13.
劝勉顺服。
1. 以色列人哪，现在我所教训你们的律例典章，你们要听从——「律例」指一切关乎宗教与敬拜礼仪的条例；「典章」指一切有关民事的律例。二者涵盖了神的全部律法。