1
De 6:1-25.
简体中文
英文原文
De 6:1-25.
MOSES EXHORTS ISRAEL TO HEAR GOD AND TO KEEP HIS COMMANDMENTS.
1-9. Now these are the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments, which the Lord your God commanded to teach you, that ye might do them . . . whither ye go to possess it--The grand design of all the institutions prescribed to Israel was to form a religious people, whose national character should be distinguished by that fear of the Lord their God which would ensure their divine observance of His worship and their steadfast obedience to His will. The basis of their religion was an acknowledgment of the unity of God with the understanding and the love of God in the heart
(De 6:4, 5).
Compared with the religious creed of all their contemporaries, how sound in principle, how elevated in character, how unlimited in the extent of its moral influence on the heart and habits of the people! Indeed, it is precisely the same basis on which rests the purer and more spiritual form of it which Christianity exhibits
(Mt 22:37; Mr 12:30; Lu 10:27).
Moreover, to help in keeping a sense of religion in their minds, it was commanded that its great principles should be carried about with them wherever they went, as well as meet their eyes every time they entered their homes. A further provision was made for the earnest inculcation of them on the minds of the young by a system of parental training, which was designed to associate religion with all the most familiar and oft-recurring scenes of domestic life. It is probable that Moses used the phraseology in
De 6:7
merely in a figurative way, to signify assiduous, earnest, and frequent instruction; and perhaps he meant the metaphorical language in
De 6:8
to be taken in the same sense also. But as the Israelites interpreted it literally, many writers suppose that a reference was made to a superstitious custom borrowed from the Egyptians, who wore jewels and ornamental trinkets on the forehead and arm, inscribed with certain words and sentences, as amulets to protect them from danger. These, it has been conjectured, Moses intended to supersede by substituting sentences of the law; and so the Hebrews understood him, for they have always considered the wearing of the Tephilim, or frontlets, a permanent obligation. The form was as follows: Four pieces of parchment, inscribed, the first with
Ex 13:2-10;
the second with
Ex 13:11-16;
the third with
De 6:1-8;
and the fourth with
De 11:18-21,
were enclosed in a square case or box of tough skin, on the side of which was placed the Hebrew letter (shin), and bound round the forehead with a thong or ribbon. When designed for the arms, those four texts were written on one slip of parchment, which, as well as the ink, was carefully prepared for the purpose. With regard to the other usage supposed to be alluded to, the ancient Egyptians had the lintels and imposts of their doors and gates inscribed with sentences indicative of a favorable omen [WILKINSON]; and this is still the case, for in Egypt and other Mohammedan countries, the front doors of houses (in Cairo, for instance) are painted red, white, and green, bearing conspicuously inscribed upon them such sentences from the Koran, as "God is the Creator," "God is one, and Mohammed is his prophet." Moses designed to turn this ancient and favorite custom to a better account and ordered that, instead of the former superstitious inscriptions, there should be written the words of God, persuading and enjoining the people to hold the laws in perpetual remembrance.
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简体中文
20-25. 日后你的儿子问你说——只是前述劝勉的延伸。
英文原文
20-25. when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying--The directions given for the instruction of their children form only an extension of the preceding counsels.
De 6:1-25.
摩西劝勉以色列听从神并谨守祂的诫命。
1-9. 这是耶和华你们神所吩咐教训你们的诫命、律例、典章，使你们在所要进去得为业的地上遵行——向以色列所颁布的一切典章制度，其宏大的宗旨乃是要塑造一个敬畏耶和华他们神的宗教性民族，这敬畏之心能确保他们忠实地遵行祂的敬拜，并坚定地顺服祂的旨意，以此作为他们民族品格的标记。他们信仰的基础，是在理智上承认神的独一性，并在心里爱神
(De 6:4, 5)。
与同时代一切民族的宗教信条相比，这信条在原则上是何等纯正，在品格上是何等高尚，在道德上对人心与民俗的影响力又是何等深远无边！事实上，这正是基督教所展现的那更纯洁、更属灵之信仰形式的根基所在
(Mt 22:37; Mr 12:30; Lu 10:27)。
此外，为帮助他们时常铭记信仰，神又吩咐他们：无论往何处去，都要将这信仰的大原则随身携带，每次进入家门时也要使之映入眼帘。为使这些道理深深印在年轻人心上，又进一步设立了一套父母教导的制度，使宗教与他们家庭生活中一切最熟悉、最常出现的场景紧密结合。摩西在
De 6:7
中所用的措辞，很可能只是一种比喻的说法，表示殷勤、恳切且频繁的教导；他在
De 6:8
中的隐喻性语言，或许也是同样的意思。然而以色列人却按字面来理解，因此许多学者认为这里所指的是一种从埃及人借来的迷信习俗——埃及人将刻有某些词句的珠宝饰物戴在额头和臂上，当作护身符以求保佑。有人推测，摩西有意以律法上的经文取代这些饰物；希伯来人也如此领会，因为他们一直将佩戴Tephilim（即经文匣，或称「额带」）视为一项恒久的义务。其形式如下：用四块羊皮纸，分别写上经文——第一块写
Ex 13:2-10；
第二块写
Ex 13:11-16；
第三块写
De 6:1-8；
第四块写
De 11:18-21，
将它们装入一个坚韧皮革制成的方形盒或匣中，匣侧写上希伯来文字母（shin），再用皮带或丝带绑在额上。若为手臂所用，则将这四处经文写在一张羊皮纸条上，连墨水也是特为此用途而精心预备的。至于另一种被认为隐含其义的习俗，古埃及人曾在他们的门楣和门框上刻有表示吉兆的语句 [WILKINSON]；至今在埃及及其他穆罕默德国家仍是如此，例如在开罗，房屋的正门涂成红、白、绿色，门上醒目地写着取自《古兰经》的语句，如「神是创造者」「神只有一位，穆罕默德是祂的先知」。摩西有意将这古老而盛行的习俗引向更好的用途，吩咐他们以神的话语取代昔日迷信的铭文，劝勉并命令百姓永远铭记律法。