1
Ex 22:1-31.
简体中文
英文原文
Ex 22:1-31.
LAWS CONCERNING THEFT.
1-4. If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep--The law respects the theft of cattle which constituted the chief part of their property. The penalty for the theft of a sheep which was slain or sold, was fourfold; for an ox fivefold, because of its greater utility in labor; but, should the stolen animal have been recovered alive, a double compensation was all that was required, because it was presumable he (the thief) was not a practised adept in dishonesty. A robber breaking into a house at midnight might, in self-defense, be slain with impunity; but if he was slain after sunrise, it would be considered murder, for it was not thought likely an assault would then be made upon the lives of the occupants. In every case where a thief could not make restitution, he was sold as a slave for the usual term.
6
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简体中文
6. 若点火焚烧荆棘——这是指东方常见的做法,在秋雨降临之前烧掉干草,以防害虫肆虐,也被视为下一季作物良好的整地准备。草木十分干燥,加上夏季漫长的干旱,使得点火常常是危险的,也因其蔓延迅速而总须小心。
禾捆——或如所译的「禾捆」 (士 15:5; 伯 5:26),
意思不过是松散禾捆的捆扎。
英文原文
6. If fire break out, and catch in thorns--This refers to the common practice in the East of setting fire to the dry grass before the fall of the autumnal rains, which prevents the ravages of vermin, and is considered a good preparation of the ground for the next crop. The very parched state of the herbage and the long droughts of summer, make the kindling of a fire an operation often dangerous, and always requiring caution from its liability to spread rapidly.
stacks--or as it is rendered "shocks"
(Jud 15:5; Job 5:26),
means simply a bundle of loose sheaves.
26
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简体中文
26、27. 你即或拿邻舍的全衣作当头——从事态的性质看,这里所描述的是一个穷人。东方人都不脱衣就寝,只是摘下头巾和几件厚重外衣,便穿着白日的衣裳睡觉。穷人的床通常不过是一张席子;冬天则披上外袍——这一习俗正是关于典当之外袍那仁慈怜悯之律的依据或缘由。
英文原文
26, 27. If thou at all take thy neighbour's raiment to pledge, &c.--From the nature of the case, this is the description of a poor man. No Orientals undress, but, merely throwing off their turbans and some of their heavy outer garments, they sleep in the clothes which they wear during the day. The bed of the poor is usually nothing else than a mat; and, in winter, they cover themselves with a cloak--a practice which forms the ground or reason of the humane and merciful law respecting the pawned coat.
28
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简体中文
28. 神——这词在本章中有好几处译作「审判官」或官长。
你百姓的官长——即首席官长,他也是大祭司,至少在保罗时代如此
(徒 23:1-5)。
英文原文
28. gods--a word which is several times in this chapter rendered "judges" or magistrates.
the ruler of thy people--and the chief magistrate who was also the high priest, at least in the time of Paul
(Ac 23:1-5).
出埃及记 22:1-31.
关于 偷窃的 律法
1-4. 人若偷牛或羊——这律法针对的是牲畜的偷窃,因为牲畜是百姓财产的主要部分。所偷的羊若已被宰杀或卖出,要四倍赔偿;牛则五倍赔偿,因其在劳作上更为有用;但若所偷的牲畜被活着追回,则只需双倍赔偿即可,因为可以推想他(那贼)并非惯偷。午夜破门入屋的强盗,出于自卫可将其击杀而不算有罪;但若在日出之后将其击杀,便算为谋杀,因为那时不太可能对住户的性命造成威胁。凡是贼无法赔偿之处,都要按通常的期限被卖为奴仆。