1
Ex 30:1-38.
简体中文
英文原文
Ex 30:1-38.
THE ALTAR OF INCENSE.
1. thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon, &c.--Its material was to be like that of the ark of the testimony, but its dimensions very small
[Ex 25:10].
2
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2-4. 四方形——其意并非整个形状都呈立方体,而是其上下两面都呈现四边相等。它的高度是宽度的两倍,宽二十一英寸,高三英尺六英寸。它有「角」;其顶部即平坦的表面有一道装饰性的边沿或边缘,称为冠冕,两侧设有便于抬运的环。它唯一配套的器具是一个金香炉或盘子,在其上点燃坛上的香。因此它称为香坛,或称「金坛」
[出 39:38; 40:26],
因它大量镀金或包金而得名。这种华美适合教会初期的时代;但到了后来,敬拜要更属灵之时,香坛在预言中描述为不是金的而是木的,并且比会幕中的大一倍,因为教会将要大大扩展
(玛 1:11)。
英文原文
2-4. foursquare--the meaning of which is not that it was to be entirely of a cubical form, but that upon its upper and under surface, it showed four equal sides. It was twice as high as it was broad, being twenty-one inches broad and three feet six inches high. It had "horns"; its top or flat surface was surmounted by an ornamental ledge or rim, called a crown, and it was furnished at the sides with rings for carriage. Its only accompanying piece of furniture was a golden censer or pan, in which the incense was set fire to upon the altar. Hence it was called the altar of incense, or the "golden altar"
[Ex 39:38; 40:26],
from the profuse degree in which it was gilded or overlaid with the precious metal. This splendor was adapted to the early age of the church, but in later times, when the worship was to be more spiritual, the altar of incense is prophetically described as not of gold but of wood, and double the size of that in the tabernacle, because the church should be vastly extended
(Mal 1:11).
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6. 要放在法柜前的幔子外——即隔开圣所与至圣所的幔子。这坛位于陈设饼桌子和金灯台之间,靠近至圣所,距南北两墙等距;换言之,它在大隔幔之外,正对着幔内的施恩座;因此,在这坛前供职的祭司虽不能看见施恩座,却当面向它,朝那个方向献香。这是一项特别的安排,为要教导一个重要的功课:我们虽不能凭肉眼看见施恩的宝座,却当「向它祷告,举目仰望」
[诗 5:3]
(比较
林后 3:14; 来 10:20; 启 4:1)。
英文原文
6. thou shalt put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony--which separated the holy from the most holy place. The altar was in the middle between the table of showbread and the candlestick next the holy of holies, at equal distances from the north and south walls; in other words, it occupied a spot on the outside of the great partition veil, but directly in front of the mercy seat, which was within that sacred enclosure; so that although the priest who ministered at this altar could not behold the mercy seat, he was to look towards it, and present his incense in that direction. This was a special arrangement, and it was designed to teach the important lesson that, though we cannot with the eye of sense, see the throne of grace, we must "direct our prayer to it and look up"
[Ps 5:3]
(compare
2Co 3:14; Heb 10:20; Re 4:1).
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7、8. 亚伦在坛上要烧馨香料做的香——字面作「香料的香」——在这坛上焚烧强烈的香料,以其芬芳的气味抵消祭物难闻的烟气;或这香是东方人用以向君王致敬的朝贡奉献;神既是以色列的神权统治者,祂的宫殿在如此有意义的习俗上自然不可少。这坛同时达到这两个目的——即为圣所的各处熏香,而纯净明亮的火焰,按东方的观念,是对以色列君王威严的尊荣致敬。但其中还有更高深的含义;因为会幕既是以色列君王的宫殿,也是以色列神的敬拜之所,这坛便直接与宗教的目的相连。在圣言作者的笔法中,香是祷告的象征或表号
(诗 141:2; 启 5:8; 8:3)。
从这两样事奉一贯的结合可以看出,香是真诚敬拜者祷告升上天空、在香云之中上达的表号;因此,在这坛前供职的祭司,预表了基督代求的职分
(路 1:10; 来 7:25)。
每早晨……晚上——在民族历史的每一时期,这每日的敬拜都被严格遵守。
英文原文
7, 8. Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense--literally, "incense of spices"--Strong aromatic substances were burnt upon this altar to counteract by their odoriferous fragrance the offensive fumes of the sacrifices; or the incense was employed in an offering of tributary homage which the Orientals used to make as a mark of honor to kings; and as God was Theocratic Ruler of Israel, His palace was not to be wanting in a usage of such significancy. Both these ends were served by this altar--that of fumigating the apartments of the sacred edifice, while the pure lambent flame, according to Oriental notions, was an honorary tribute to the majesty of Israel's King. But there was a far higher meaning in it still; for as the tabernacle was not only a palace for Israel's King, but a place of worship for Israel's God, this altar was immediately connected with a religious purpose. In the style of the sacred writers, incense was a symbol or emblem of prayer
(Ps 141:2; Re 5:8; 8:3).
From the uniform combination of the two services, it is evident that the incense was an emblem of the prayers of sincere worshippers ascending to heaven in the cloud of perfume; and, accordingly, the priest who officiated at this altar typified the intercessory office of Christ
(Lu 1:10; Heb 7:25).
every morning . . . at even--In every period of the national history this daily worship was scrupulously observed.
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8. 亚伦要烧香——似乎将在香坛供职的权利限于大祭司一人,毫无疑问,在重大的宗教节期,他和他的继承者专属地在这坛前供职。但「亚伦」常常代表整个祭司的等次,到了后来,任何祭司都可轮流在这坛前供职
(路 1:9)。
英文原文
8. Aaron shall burn incense--seemingly limiting the privilege of officiating at the altar of incense to the high priest alone, and there is no doubt that he and his successors exclusively attended this altar on the great religious festivals. But "Aaron" is frequently used for the whole priestly order, and in later times, any of the priests might have officiated at this altar in rotation
(Lu 1:9).
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简体中文
9. 你们不可在坛上奉上异样的香——即成分与所细细描述的香料不同的香。
英文原文
9. Ye shall offer no strange incense--that is, of a different composition from that of which the ingredients are described so minutely.
11
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11-16. 你要按以色列人被数的,等等——摩西这样行了两次,无疑也遵行了此处所定的律法。这税并不向妇女、未成年人、老人
(民 1:42, 45)
和利未人
(民 1:47)
征收,因为他们不在被数之列。假定圣所的舍客勒约为半盎司金衡,虽然此事并无确知,各人所当缴纳的款额约为二先令四便士。这并非自愿的捐输,而是为百姓的灵魂或生命所付的赎价。这要求不分阶级一视同仁,拒绝缴纳便意味着故意被排除于圣所的特权之外,并暴露在神圣的刑罚之下。这大概就是向我们的主所征收的同一税项
(太 17:24-27),
通常用于修理以及与圣所事奉有关的其他用途。
英文原文
11-16. When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel, &c.--Moses did so twice, and doubtless observed the law here prescribed. The tax was not levied from women, minors, old men
(Nu 1:42, 45),
and the Levites
(Nu 1:47),
they being not numbered. Assuming the shekel of the sanctuary to be about half an ounce troy, though nothing certain is known about it, the sum payable by each individual was two and four pence. This was not a voluntary contribution, but a ransom for the soul or lives of the people. It was required from all classes alike, and a refusal to pay implied a wilful exclusion from the privileges of the sanctuary, as well as exposure to divine judgments. It was probably the same impost that was exacted from our Lord
(Mt 17:24-27),
and it was usually devoted to repairs and other purposes connected with the services of the sanctuary.
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18-21. 你要……做铜洗濯盆——这盆虽不算是会幕器具的组成部分,却与之密切相关;它虽然因放在入口处而为人所熟悉,却因它所用于洗礼的目的而具有极大的意义和重要性。圣经没有提供足以确定其形状大小的资料;但它大概是所罗门那盆的缩微样式——一个圆形的盆。
盆座——据推测,并不是它所安放的底座,而是下方的一个槽或浅承盘,水从龙头或喷嘴流出后注入其中;因为东方各民族洗手洗脚的方式,都是把水倒在手脚上,水便落入盆中。这洗濯盆是专为祭司而设的。但在基督教的时代,所有信徒都是祭司,因此使徒劝勉他们当如何亲近神
(约 13:10; 来 10:22)。
英文原文
18-21. Thou shalt . . . make a laver of brass--Though not actually forming a component part of the furniture of the tabernacle, this vase was closely connected with it; and though from standing at the entrance it would be a familiar object, it possessed great interest and importance from the baptismal purposes to which it was applied. No data are given by which its form and size can be ascertained; but it was probably a miniature pattern of Solomon's--a circular basin.
his foot--supposed not to be the pedestal on which it rested, but a trough or shallow receptacle below, into which the water, let out from a cock or spout, flowed; for the way in which all Eastern people wash their hands or feet is by pouring upon them the water which falls into a basin. This laver was provided for the priests alone. But in the Christian dispensation, all believers are priests, and hence the apostle exhorts them how to draw near to God
(Joh 13:10; Heb 10:22).
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23-33. 你又要取……上等的香料——圣经中,油常作为成圣的象征,膏油则是将物件及人分别为圣归神使用的凭据。此处由神的权柄所定规,并详细列明了用于膏抹会幕器具之圣膏油的各种成分及其比例。
没药——一种芳香而有药效的树脂,产自阿拉伯一种鲜为人知的树。
香肉桂——产自一种月桂或香樟,主要见于锡兰,可长至二十尺高:这香料取自内皮,但摩西所提及的是否与我们今日所熟悉的肉桂相同,尚不能确定。
香菖蒲——或作香苇,产于阿拉伯和印度,外观呈黄褐色;形如普通的芦苇,气味浓烈芬芳。
英文原文
23-33. Take thou also . . . principal spices, &c.--Oil is frequently mentioned in Scripture as an emblem of sanctification, and anointing with it a means of designating objects as well as persons to the service of God. Here it is prescribed by divine authority, and the various ingredients in their several proportions described which were to compose the oil used in consecrating the furniture of the tabernacle.
myrrh--a fragrant and medicinal gum from a little known tree in Arabia.
sweet cinnamon--produced from a species of laurel or sweet bay, found chiefly in Ceylon, growing to a height of twenty feet: this spice is extracted from the inner bark, but it is not certain whether that mentioned by Moses is the same as that with which we are familiar.
sweet calamus--or sweet cane, a product of Arabia and India, of a tawny color in appearance; it is like the common cane and strongly odoriferous.
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24. 桂皮——与肉桂出自同一种树——有人认为是那树的外皮。这一切合起来约有一百二十磅金衡制重量。
欣——一个源于埃及的词,等于十品脱。与橄榄油——无疑是最纯净的——调和之后,这混合物大概始终保持液态;并且最严格的禁令被颁布,禁止将其用于任何其他目的,只能用于膏抹会幕及其器具。
英文原文
24. cassia--from the same species of tree as the cinnamon--some think the outer bark of that tree. All these together would amount to one hundred twenty pounds, troy weight.
hin--a word of Egyptian origin, equal to ten pints. Being mixed with the olive oil--no doubt of the purest kind--this composition probably remained always in a liquid state, and the strictest prohibition issued against using it for any other purpose than anointing the tabernacle and its furniture.
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34-38. 耶和华对摩西说:你要取香料——这些就是:
拿他弗——最上等的没药;
施喜列——据推测是一种芳香的贝壳;
喜利比拿——一种产自伞形科植物的树脂。
乳香——一种黄色、干燥、树脂性、芳香的胶,产自阿拉伯的一种树,割破树皮而得。这香放在圣所内,以便祭司需要在坛上焚烧时随手可得。配制膏油和香料之工在埃及广为人知,那里不仅日常生活中广泛使用香料,圣殿礼仪中也是如此。这里所提的大多数成分,在仔细检验木乃伊和其他埃及遗物时都已发现;因此以色列人在那地有最好的机会学习捣碎和调配这些材料的技巧,正是他们蒙召在会幕事奉中所要运用的。但会幕中香和膏油的配方,虽从埃及风俗中得到说明,却是独特的;既由神权柄所定,就不可用于任何寻常或次要的用途。
英文原文
34-38. the Lord said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices--These were:
stacte--the finest myrrh;
onycha--supposed to be an odoriferous shell;
galbanum--a gum resin from an umbelliferous plant.
frankincense--a dry, resinous, aromatic gum, of a yellow color, which comes from a tree in Arabia, and is obtained by incision of the bark. This incense was placed within the sanctuary, to be at hand when the priest required to burn on the altar. The art of compounding unguents and perfumes was well known in Egypt, where sweet-scented spices were extensively used not only in common life, but in the ritual of the temples. Most of the ingredients here mentioned have been found on minute examination of mummies and other Egyptian relics; and the Israelites, therefore, would have the best opportunities of acquiring in that country the skill in pounding and mixing them which they were called to exercise in the service of the tabernacle. But the recipe for the incense as well as for the oil in the tabernacle, though it receives illustration from the customs of Egypt, was peculiar, and being prescribed by divine authority, was to be applied to no common or inferior purpose.
出埃及记 30:1-38.
香坛
1. 你要做一座烧香的坛,等等——其材料当与法柜相同,但尺寸甚小
[出 25:10]。