1
Jos 7:1.
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英文原文
Jos 7:1.
ACHAN'S TRESPASS.
1. the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing--There was one transgressor against the cherem, or ban, on Jericho, and his transgression brought the guilt and disgrace of sin upon the whole nation.
Achan--called afterwards "Achar" ("trouble")
(1Ch 2:7).
Zabdi--or Zimri
(1Ch 2:6).
Zerah--or Zarah, son of Judah and Tamar
(Ge 38:30).
His genealogy is given probably to show that from a parentage so infamous the descendants would not be carefully trained in the fear of God.
2
Jos 7:2-26.
繁體中文
書 7:2-26。
以色列人在艾城被打敗
2. 約書亞從耶利哥打發人上伯特利東邊靠近伯亞文的艾城去——耶利哥既已被劫，下一步便是深入其上的山地。於是探子們沿山隘上去觀看那地。艾城（即 Hai）的確切位置已有足夠清楚的說明
(創 12:8；13:3)，
近年來在一個孤立的 tell（土堆）上被發現，當地人稱之為 Tell-el-Hajar（「石頭之堆」），在伯特利東南偏東、兩英里（三十五分鐘路程）之處 [VAN DE VELDE]。
伯亞文——（意即「虛妄之家」）——這是後來因拜偶像之事而對伯特利（「神之家」）的譏誚之稱
(何 4:15；5:8；10:5)，
但此處所指是另一個地方，在伯特利以東約六英里、艾城以北三英里之處。
英文原文
Jos 7:2-26.
THE ISRAELITES SMITTEN AT AI.
2. Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai--After the sacking of Jericho, the next step was to penetrate into the hills above. Accordingly, spies went up the mountain pass to view the country. The precise site of Ai, or Hai, is indicated with sufficient clearness
(Ge 12:8; 13:3)
and has been recently discovered in an isolated tell, called by the natives Tell-el-Hajar, "the mount of stones," at two miles', or thirty-five minutes' distance, east southeast from Beth-el [VAN DE VELDE].
Beth-aven--("house of vanity")--a name afterwards given derisively
(Ho 4:15; 5:8; 10:5),
on account of its idolatries, to Beth-el, "house of God," but here referred to another place, about six miles east of Beth-el and three north of Ai.
3
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3. 你們不要眾民都上去……因為他們不過稀少——艾城的人口多達一萬二千人
(書 8:25)，
也算一座相當可觀的城；只是探子們匆匆遠觀，它較之耶利哥便顯得渺小；這可能正是他們只提議派一小支隊伍前去攻取的原因。
英文原文
3. Let not all the people go up, . . . for they are but few--As the population of Ai amounted to twelve thousand
(Jos 8:25),
it was a considerable town; though in the hasty and distant reconnoitre made by the spies, it probably appeared small in comparison to Jericho; and this may have been the reason for their proposing so small a detachment to capture it.
4
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4、5. 他們在艾城人面前逃跑——意外的抵抗，加上折損了三十六人，便在軍中蔓延起一陣恐慌，終以一場可恥的潰敗告終。
英文原文
4, 5. they fled before the men of Ai--An unexpected resistance, and the loss of thirty-six of their number diffused a panic, which ended in an ignominious rout.
5
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5. 在城門前追趕他們，直到示巴琳——即直至隘口開口處的「破裂」或「裂罅」之處。
在下坡處擊殺他們——即緊鄰那道又深又險的旱溪的斜坡上。
因此百姓的心就消化如水——可見上陣的乃是一群烏合之眾、未經操練的兵丁，其軍事上的本領並不比貝都因阿拉伯人高明多少——後者一折損十來個人便灰心敗逃。但以色列人之所以如此驚惶，另有一層原因——神顯然不悅，撤去了他們素來滿心倚靠的幫助。
英文原文
5. chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim--that is, unto the "breakings" or "fissures" at the opening of the passes.
and smote them in the going down--that is, the declivity or slope of the deep, rugged, adjoining wady.
wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became as water--It is evident that the troops engaged were a tumultuary, undisciplined band, no better skilled in military affairs than the Bedouin Arabs, who become disheartened and flee on the loss of ten or fifteen men. But the consternation of the Israelites arose from another cause--the evident displeasure of God, who withheld that aid on which they had confidently reckoned.
6
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6-9. 約書亞撕裂衣服，他和長老……在約櫃前俯伏在地——從這些自卑哀痛的舉動可見，當日在舉行一場嚴肅的禁食。許多人認為約書亞禱告的話語帶著人性的軟弱，缺少他對神所當有的敬畏與順服。但這番話雖表面上似在放膽質問抱怨，實則是出自一顆深切謙卑憂傷之心的傾吐：他深信神既已奇異地領百姓過約旦河進入應許之地，斷不會又要把他們滅絕，任憑得勝的仇敵肆意凌辱，以致自己的名因對百姓反覆無常、薄待不仁，或無力抵抗仇敵而受辱。他雖不明眼前災禍的緣由，卻承認這是出於神的手。
英文原文
6-9. Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth . . . before the ark . . . he and the elders--It is evident, from those tokens of humiliation and sorrow, that a solemn fast was observed on this occasion. The language of Joshua's prayer is thought by many to savor of human infirmity and to be wanting in that reverence and submission he owed to God. But, although apparently breathing a spirit of bold remonstrance and complaint, it was in reality the effusion of a deeply humbled and afflicted mind, expressing his belief that God could not, after having so miraculously brought His people over Jordan into the promised land, intend to destroy them, to expose them to the insults of their triumphant enemies, and bring reproach upon His own name for inconstancy or unkindness to His people, or inability to resist their enemies. Unable to understand the cause of the present calamity, he owned the hand of God.
10
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10-15. 耶和華吩咐約書亞說：你起來——神諭的回答大意是：這危機並非因我不信實，而是因百姓犯罪。聖約的條件已被破壞——他們私存了當滅之物的掠物；在以色列中行了惡事，聖經特稱之為愚妄
(詩 14:1)，
並且這罪還加上掩飾等種種加重情節，至今仍在繼續。這百姓與迦南當滅的列國一樣，同樣當受毀滅
(申 7:26)。
必須立刻着手查明並懲辦這罪行的主犯，好使以色列得以脫離當滅的災禍，各樣事情恢復先前的興盛。
英文原文
10-15. the Lord said unto Joshua, Get thee up--The answer of the divine oracle was to this effect: the crisis is owing not to unfaithfulness in Me, but sin in the people. The conditions of the covenant have been violated by the reservation of spoil from the doomed city; wickedness, emphatically called folly, has been committed in Israel
(Ps 14:1),
and dissimulation, with other aggravations of the crime, continues to be practised. The people are liable to destruction equally with the accursed nations of Canaan
(De 7:26).
Means must, without delay, be taken to discover and punish the perpetrator of this trespass that Israel may be released from the ban, and things be restored to their former state of prosperity.
16
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16-18. 於是約書亞清早起來，使以色列人按着支派近前來——即在會幕之前。既訴諸拈鬮
(箴 16:33)，
他便從各支派的首領查到各宗族的首領，又從各家室逐一查到一家，再到那家中具體的人，直到查出罪犯是亞干；亞干在約書亞的勸誡之下，承認了自己在帳棚地板下私藏了衣物和金銀等掠物
[書 7:19-21]。
當他看着這緩慢卻確鑿的揭發過程時，他的心情該是何等可怕！
(民 32:23)。
英文原文
16-18. So Joshua rose up early, and brought Israel by their tribes--that is, before the tabernacle. The lot being appealed to
(Pr 16:33),
he proceeded in the inquiry from heads of tribes to heads of families, and from heads of households in succession to one family, and to particular persons in that family, until the criminal was found to be Achan, who, on Joshua's admonition, confessed the fact of having secreted for his own use, in the floor of his tent, spoil both in garments and money
[Jos 7:19-21].
How dreadful must have been his feelings when he saw the slow but certain process of discovery!
(Nu 32:23).
19
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19. 約書亞對亞干說：我兒，我勸你……將榮耀歸給神——這是勸勉說實話的一種起誓方式。
英文原文
19. Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give . . . glory to God--a form of adjuration to tell the truth.
21
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繁體中文
21. 一件美好的示拿衣服——原文作「一件示拿的斗篷」。示拿平原在古時以華麗的袍服著稱，色彩鮮豔斑斕，多有圖案花紋，大概類似今日的土耳其地毯；其色彩或織入布中，或以針線繡成。
二百舍客勒銀子——按古摩西舍客勒折合英幣 22 鎊 10 先令，若按通行的舍客勒則為其半數。
一條金子——原文作一條形如舌的金錠或金條。
英文原文
21. a goodly Babylonish garment--literally, "a mantle of Shinar." The plain of Shinar was in early times celebrated for its gorgeous robes, which were of brilliant and various colors, generally arranged in figured patterns, probably resembling those of modern Turkish carpets, and the colors were either interwoven in the loom or embroidered with the needle.
two hundred shekels of silver--equivalent to £22 10s. sterling, according to the old Mosaic shekel, or the half of that sum, reckoning by the common shekel.
a wedge of gold--literally, an ingot or bar in the shape of a tongue.
22
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22、23. 約書亞打發人跑進了帳棚——這是出於急切的心情，既要驗證所言之真偽，也要使以色列脫離罪嫌。查出贓物之後，他們便將這些物擺在耶和華面前，「表明這些物本屬乎祂」，因它們是當滅之物。
英文原文
22, 23. Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent--from impatient eagerness not only to test the truth of the story, but to clear Israel from the imputation of guilt. Having discovered the stolen articles, they laid them out before the Lord, "as a token of their belonging to Him" on account of the ban.
24
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24-26. 約書亞和以色列眾人把亞干帶走——他和他的兒女，以及他一切所有的、牛羊和動產，都被帶到通向 Ghor 的一道又長又寬的溝谷中，先用石頭打死
(民 15:30-35)，
其屍身與一切屬他之物再用火燒成灰。「以色列眾人」在場，不僅是旁觀者，更盡可能都親手參與行刑——以此表明他們對這褻瀆聖物之罪的痛恨，以及他們急於重新得着神恩的迫切。由於神的律法明文禁止因父罪而處死兒女
(申 24:16)，
亞干的「兒女」被帶到刑場，可能只是作為旁觀者，好因父親的下場而受警戒；又或者，他們若果真與亞干同受刑罰
(書 22:20)，
大概便是他罪行的同謀；況且，他在自己帳內挖一個洞，家裏人不可能全無察覺。
英文原文
24-26. Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan--He with his children and all his property, cattle as well as movables, were brought into one of the long broad ravines that open into the Ghor, and after being stoned to death
(Nu 15:30-35),
his corpse, with all belonging to him, was consumed to ashes by fire. "All Israel" was present, not only as spectators, but active agents, as many as possible, in inflicting the punishment--thus testifying their abhorrence of the sacrilege, and their intense solicitude to regain the divine favor. As the divine law expressly forbade the children to be put to death for their father's sins
(De 24:16),
the conveyance of Achan's "sons and daughters" to the place of execution might be only as spectators, that they might take warning by the parental fate; or, if they shared his punishment
(Jos 22:20),
they had probably been accomplices in his crime, and, indeed, he could scarcely have dug a hole within his tent without his family being aware of it.
26
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26. 眾人在他身上堆成一大堆石頭——在東方，至今仍習於在罪犯或惡名昭著之人的墳上堆起石冢。
那地方便名叫亞割谷——（「亞割」即「連累」之意），
直到今日——這樣一段令人痛心的事，必使這地點廣為人知；後世聖史不止一次提到它
(賽 65:10；
何 2:15)。
英文原文
26. they raised over him a great heap of stones--It is customary to raise cairns over the graves of criminals or infamous persons in the East still.
the name of that place was called, The valley of Achor--("trouble"),
unto this day--So painful an episode would give notoriety to the spot, and it is more than once noted by the sacred writers of a later age
(Isa 65:10; Ho 2:15).
書 7:1。
亞干犯罪
1. 以色列人在當滅的物上犯了罪——耶利哥之cherem（即禁令）只有一個違犯者，而他的過犯卻把罪的罪咎和羞辱帶到了全國身上。
亞干——後來稱為「亞割」（意即「連累」）
(代上 2:7)。
撒底——或作心利
(代上 2:6)。
謝拉——或作謝拉，是猶大和他瑪之子
(創 38:30)。
此處列出他的家譜，大概是要表明：出自如此臭名昭著的雙親，其後代不會被悉心教導敬畏神。