1
Mt 20:1-16.
英文原文
Mt 20:1-16.
PARABLE OF THE LABORERS IN THE VINEYARD.
This parable, recorded only by Matthew, is closely connected with the
end of the nineteenth chapter,
being spoken with reference to Peter's question as to how it should fare with those who, like himself, had left all for Christ. It is designed to show that while they would be richly rewarded, a certain equity would still be observed towards later converts and workmen in His service.
1. For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, &c.--The figure of a vineyard, to represent the rearing of souls for heaven, the culture required and provided for that purpose, and the care and pains which God takes in that whole matter, is familiar to every reader of the Bible.
(Ps 80:8-16; Isa 5:1-7; Jer 2:21; Lu 20:9-16; Joh 15:1-8).
At vintage time, as WEBSTER and WILKINSON remark, labor was scarce, and masters were obliged to be early in the market to secure it. Perhaps the pressing nature of the work of the Gospel, and the comparative paucity of laborers, may be incidentally suggested,
Mt 9:37, 38.
The "laborers," as in
Mt 9:38,
are first, the official servants of the Church, but after them and along with them all the servants of Christ, whom He has laid under the weightiest obligation to work in His service.
2
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2. そして労働者たちと一デナリに合意して—通常の日当。
彼らをぶどう園に送った。
英文原文
2. And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny--a usual day's hire.
he sent them into his vineyard.
3
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3. And he went out about the third hour——午前九時頃、すなわち労働日の四分の一が過ぎた後のこと。十二時間の一日は午前六時から午後六時までと数えられた。and saw others standing idle in the market place——雇われないでいる者たち。
英文原文
3. And he went out about the third hour--about nine o'clock, or after a fourth of the working day had expired: the day of twelve hours was reckoned from six to six.
and saw others standing idle in the market place--unemployed.
4
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4. And said unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right——彼らの時間に比例して、正当で公平なもの。I will give you. And they went their way.
英文原文
4. And said unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right--just, equitable, in proportion to their time.
I will give you. And they went their way.
5
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5. Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour——正午頃と午後三時頃。and did likewise——毎回新しい労働者を雇って、自分のぶどう園に送った。
英文原文
5. Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour--about noon, and about three o'clock in the afternoon.
and did likewise--hiring and sending into his vineyard fresh laborers each time.
6
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6. And about the eleventh hour——労働日の終わりの一時間前。申し出にも従事にも最も異例な時間であった。and found others standing idle, and saith, Why stand ye here all the day idle?——もちろん彼らは、そこにずっといたのでも、適切な時に自分自身を差し出す気持ちがあったのでもなかった。しかしここで彼らは進んでおり、日がまだ終わっておらず、「なお余地があった」ので、彼らも雇われ、他のすべての人と同様の条件で。
英文原文
6. And about the eleventh hour--but one hour before the close of the working day; a most unusual hour both for offering and engaging
and found others standing idle, and saith, Why stand ye here all the day idle?--Of course they had not been there, or not been disposed to offer themselves at the proper time; but as they were now willing, and the day was not over, and "yet there was room," they also are engaged, and on similar terms with all the rest.
8
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8. So when even was come——主人と労働者の間の精算の時（
De 24:15
参照）。最終的な精算の日を指す。the lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward——「その家の上に子として立てられた」キリストご自身に当たる（
Heb 3:6;
参照
Mt 11:27; Joh 3:35; 5:27
）。Call the labourers and give them their hire, beginning from the last unto the first——注目すべき指示——最後に雇われた者が最初に賃金を受け取る。
英文原文
8. So when even was come--that is, the reckoning time between masters and laborers (see
De 24:15);
pointing to the day of final account.
the lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward--answering to Christ Himself, represented "as a Son over His own house"
(Heb 3:6;
see
Mt 11:27; Joh 3:35; 5:27).
Call the labourers and give them their hire, beginning from the last unto the first--Remarkable direction this--last hired, first paid.
9
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9. And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny——一日分の満額の賃金。
英文原文
9. And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny--a full day's wages.
10
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10. But when the first came, they supposed that they should have received more——これはペテロの問い（
Mt 19:27
）に——おそらくごくわずかに——のぞいていた、計算高い、拝金的な精神である。このたとえは、キリストのしもべたちの間でそのような精神を一度にすべて抑えるために設けられた。
英文原文
10. But when the first came, they supposed that they should have received more--This is that calculating, mercenary spirit which had peeped out--though perhaps very slightly--in Peter's question
(Mt 19:27),
and which this parable was designed once for all to put down among the servants of Christ.
11
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11. And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house——むしろ「その家の主人」。この言葉は
Mt 20:1
と同じである。
英文原文
11. And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house--rather, "the householder," the word being the same as in
Mt 20:1.
12
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12. Saying, These last have wrought but one hour, and thou hast made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden and heat——焼けつくような暑さ。of the day——単に長く働いただけでなく、より試みられる時刻に働いた者たちとして。
英文原文
12. Saying, These last have wrought but one hour, and thou hast made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden and heat--the burning heat.
of the day--who have wrought not only longer but during a more trying period of the day.
13
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13. But he answered one of them——疑いなく不平を言う者たちの代弁者。and said, Friend, I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me for a penny? &c.
英文原文
13. But he answered one of them--doubtless the spokesman of the complaining party.
and said, Friend, I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me for a penny? &c.
15
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15. Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? Is thine eye evil, because I am good?——すなわち、「あなたは正義に訴えるが、それによってあなたの口は封じられた。合意した金額が支払われたからである。あなたの件は処理されたので、わたしが他の労働者たちと結ぶ条件にはあなたは関係ない。そして自分自身の認める通りに名誉をもって扱われたのに、他人に示された寛大さをねたむことは、隣人へのふさわしくないねたみであり、またあなたをその奉仕に雇い、報酬を与えた善さへの不満である」。
英文原文
15. Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? Is thine eye evil, because I am good?--that is, "You appeal to justice, and by that your mouth is shut; for the sum you agreed for is paid you. Your case being disposed of, with the terms I make with other laborers you have nothing to do; and to grudge the benevolence shown to others, when by your own admission you have been honorably dealt with, is both unworthy envy of your neighbor, and discontent with the goodness that engaged and rewarded you in his service at all."
16
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16. So the last shall be first, and the first last——すなわち、「最後に雇われた者に与えられたデナリのことで不平を言う者たちの霊を養うことによって、たとえぶどう園に最初にいたとしても、あなたがた自身のデナリを逃すことのないように気をつけよ。一方、それほど遅く入ったという意識が、最後の者たちにそのような謙遜な思いと、彼らを雇い、報酬を与えた恵みへのそのような賛嘆を起こさせ、結局は彼らを最前列に置くかもしれない」。for many be called, but few chosen——これは主が異なる関連で一度ならず語られた、簡潔で豊かなことばのもう一つである。（
Mt 19:30; 22:14
参照）。
新約聖書がほとんど常に語る「召し」は、神学者たちが有効な召しと呼ぶもので、その同意を確保する意志への超自然的な働きかけを伴う。しかしここではそれが意味であり得ない。「召された者」が「選ばれた者」と明確に区別されているからである。ここでは「招かれた者」を意味するしかない。それゆえ意味は、神が「御霊のきよめと真理への信仰を通して救いへと選ばれた」ことのない多くの者が（
2Th 2:13
）、福音の招待を受けるということである。しかし、これがわたしたちのたとえの主題と何の関係があるのか、と問うかもしれない。おそらくこれである——キリストの奉仕に生涯ずっと労してきた人々が、最後に示す霊によって、神とその魂の間において、彼らが決して選ばれた働き人ではなかったことをあまりにもはっきりと示し得ることを教えるために。
英文原文
16. So the last shall be first, and the first last--that is, "Take heed lest by indulging the spirit of these murmurers at the penny given to the last hired, ye miss your own penny, though first in the vineyard; while the consciousness of having come in so late may inspire these last with such a humble frame, and such admiration of the grace that has hired and rewarded them at all, as will put them into the foremost place in the end."
for many be called, but few chosen--This is another of our Lord's terse and pregnant sayings, more than once uttered in different connections. (See
Mt 19:30; 22:14).
The "calling" of which the New Testament almost invariably speaks is what divines call effectual calling, carrying with it a supernatural operation on the will to secure its consent. But that cannot be the meaning of it here; the "called" being emphatically distinguished from the "chosen." It can only mean here the "invited." And so the sense is, Many receive the invitations of the Gospel whom God has never "chosen to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth"
(2Th 2:13).
But what, it may be asked, has this to do with the subject of our parable? Probably this--to teach us that men who have wrought in Christ's service all their days may, by the spirit which they manifest at the last, make it too evident that, as between God and their own souls, they never were chosen workmen at all.
17
Mt 20:17-28.
Mt 20:17-28。
ご自身の近づく苦難、死、復活の三度目の明示的告知。ヤコブとヨハネの野心的な願いと、その答え。 （=
Mr 10:32-45; Lu 18:31-34）。
解説については、
Mr 10:32-45
を見よ。
英文原文
Mt 20:17-28.
THIRD EXPLICIT ANNOUNCEMENT OF HIS APPROACHING SUFFERINGS, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION--THE AMBITIOUS REQUEST OF JAMES AND JOHN, AND THE REPLY. ( =
Mr 10:32-45; Lu 18:31-34).
For the exposition, see on
Mr 10:32-45.
29
Mt 20:29-34.
Mt 20:29-34.
ふたりの盲人の癒し。 ( =
Mr 10:46-52; Lu 18:35-43)。
解説については、
Lu 18:35-43を参照。
英文原文
Mt 20:29-34.
TWO BLIND MEN HEALED. ( =
Mr 10:46-52; Lu 18:35-43).
For the exposition, see on
Lu 18:35-43.
Mt 20:1-16.
ぶどう園の 労働者の たとえ。
マタイのみが記録するこのたとえは、第十九章の終わりと密接に結びついており、キリストのためにすべてを捨てた者たちに、ペテロ自身のように、どのような扱いを受けるかというペテロの問いに関連して語られた。それは、彼らが豊かに報いられる一方で、後の改宗者と奉仕における働き手に対しても一定の公平が守られることを示すよう意図されている。
1. 天の国は、ある家の主人に似ている等—天のために魂を育てること、そのために必要とされ備えられる栽培、および神がその全体の事柄において払われる配慮と労苦を表すぶどう園の姿は、聖書のすべての読者に親しい。
(Ps 80:8-16; Isa 5:1-7; Jer 2:21; Lu 20:9-16; Joh 15:1-8)。
WEBSTERとWILKINSONが述べるように、ぶどうの収穫時には労働力が不足し、主人たちはそれを確保するために市場に早く出かけなければならなかった。おそらく、福音の働きの切迫した性質と、労働者の比較的少なさが付随的に示唆されている。
Mt 9:37, 38。
Mt 9:38
における「労働者」は、第一に教会の公のしもべたちであるが、その後に、またそれとともに、キリストのすべてのしもべたちであり、彼らは主の奉仕において働くという最も重い義務を負わされている。