1
Nu 30:1-16.
简体中文
英文原文
Nu 30:1-16.
VOWS ARE NOT TO BE BROKEN.
1. This is the thing which the Lord hath commanded--The subject of this chapter relates to vowing, which seems to have been an ancient usage, allowed by the law to remain, and by which some people declared their intention of offering some gift on the altar or abstaining from particular articles of meat or drink, of observing a private fast, or doing something to the honor or in the service of God, over and above what was authoritatively required. In
Nu 29:39,
mention was made of "vows and freewill offerings," and it is probable, from the explanatory nature of the rules laid down in this chapter, that these were given for the removal of doubts and difficulties which conscientious persons had felt about their obligation to perform their vows in certain circumstances that had arisen.
2
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简体中文
2. 人若向耶和华许愿——仅仅心中暗自起意并不足以构成许愿；必须在言语上实际表达出来；虽然许愿纯属自愿，然而一旦许了愿，履行许愿便如同履行其他任何承诺一样成为不可推诿的责任——更何况所关涉的是圣事，若疏忽不顾，便有诡诈和对神不忠之罪。
不可违背自己的话——字面作“亵渎自己的话”——即使之归于虚空可鄙
(Ps 55:20; 89:34)。
但因人往往会许愿去行那些本身既不善、又非其力所能及之事，律法便规定其天然的上级有权判断那些愿是否合宜，并有权酌情批准或禁止其履行。父母在儿女的事上、丈夫在妻子的事上当作裁定——但只允许他们在事情知情之后有一日的考虑时间；其裁定若为不利，便使许愿者解除一切义务
[Nu 30:3-8]。
英文原文
2. If a man vow a vow unto the Lord--A mere secret purpose of the mind was not enough to constitute a vow; it had to be actually expressed in words; and though a purely voluntary act, yet when once the vow was made, the performance of it, like that of every other promise, became an indispensable duty--all the more because, referring to a sacred thing, it could not be neglected without the guilt of prevarication and unfaithfulness to God.
he shall not break his word--literally, "profane his word"--render it vain and contemptible
(Ps 55:20; 89:34).
But as it would frequently happen that parties would vow to do things which were neither good in themselves nor in their power to perform, the law ordained that their natural superiors should have the right of judging as to the propriety of those vows, with discretionary power to sanction or interdict their fulfilment. Parents were to determine in the case of their children, and husbands in that of their wives--being, however, allowed only a day for deliberation after the matter became known to them; and their judgment, if unfavorable, released the devotee from all obligation
[Nu 30:3-8].
3
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简体中文
3. 女子年幼还在父家的时候，若向耶和华许愿要约束自己——此处只提到女子；但据犹太作者所言，住在父母家中的未成年男子也包括在内；他们还认为“父亲”一名包括一切少年的监护人。我们又被告知，少年人被视为有能力许愿的年龄，男孩为十三岁，女孩为十二岁。父亲或监护人对所辖之人所许之愿的裁定，可借明言赞同或借沉默来表示，沉默即视为赞同。但在丈夫的事上——他若日复一日沉默之后最终不赞成或阻挠妻子的愿，则不履行之罪要归到他身上，不归到她身上
[Nu 30:15]。
英文原文
3. If a woman also vow a vow unto the Lord, and bind herself by a bond, being in her father's house in her youth--Girls only are specified; but minors of the other sex, who resided under the parental roof, were included, according to Jewish writers, who also consider the name "father" as comprehending all guardians of youth. We are also told that the age at which young people were deemed capable of vowing was thirteen for boys and twelve for girls. The judgment of a father or guardian on the vow of any under his charge might be given either by an expressed approval or by silence, which was to be construed as approval. But in the case of a husband who, after silence from day to day, should ultimately disapprove or hinder his wife's vow, the sin of non-performance was to be imputed to him and not to her
[Nu 30:15].
9
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简体中文
9. 寡妇所许的愿——在已婚妇人的情形下，若她与丈夫分居、或丈夫去世后回到父家——这并非罕见——人们可能会疑惑她是否如从前一样受父亲管辖、须得父亲同意方可行事。律法规定：若愿是在丈夫生前所许、且丈夫知情后未曾否决，则该愿仍具约束力
[Nu 30:10, 11]；
例如，她在未守寡时也许愿将收入的一部分用于敬虔和慈善之用，待真正成为寡妇时或许反悔；但按此法例，只要她的景况允许她兑现承诺，便当履行义务。所定的规则对于防止或撤销轻率的许愿，以及给予那些性质正当、出于敬虔反思之心所许的愿以正当的认可，必定极为有用。
英文原文
9. every vow of a widow--In the case of a married woman, who, in the event of a separation from her husband, or of his death, returned, as was not uncommon, to her father's house, a doubt might have been entertained whether she was not, as before, subject to paternal jurisdiction and obliged to act with the paternal consent. The law ordained that the vow was binding if it had been made in her husband's lifetime, and he, on being made aware of it, had not interposed his veto
[Nu 30:10, 11];
as, for instance, she might have vowed, when not a widow, that she would assign a portion of her income to pious and charitable uses, of which she might repent when actually a widow; but by this statute she was required to fulfil the obligation, provided her circumstances enabled her to redeem the pledge. The rules laid down must have been exceedingly useful for the prevention or cancelling of rash vows, as well as for giving a proper sanction to such as were legitimate in their nature, and made in a devout, reflecting spirit.
Nu 30:1-16.
许愿 不可 违背。
1. 耶和华所吩咐的乃是这样——本章的主题关乎许愿。这似乎是一项古时的习俗，律法允许其存留；有人借此宣告自己有意在坛上献上某种礼物，或禁戒某些饮食，或守一次私下禁食，或为尊荣神、事奉神而做某事，这些皆超出了律法权威性的要求。
在
Nu 29:39
曾提到“许愿祭和甘心祭”；从本章所列规则的说明性质来看，这些规则很可能就是为了消除敬虔之人因某些突发情形而对是否当履行己愿所产生的疑虑与困惑。