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Of all the families of Israel none was so illustrious as the family of David. That is the family which was mentioned in the foregoing chapter, 1Ch 2:15. Here we have a full account of it. I. David's sons, 1Ch 3:1-9. II. His successors in the throne as long as the kingdom continued, 1Ch 3:10-16. III. The remains of his family in and after the captivity, 1Ch 3:17-24. From this family, "as concerning the flesh, Christ came."
1-24
The Family of David (1055 BC)
简体中文
大卫的家族（主前1055年）
¹ 以下是大卫在希伯仑所生的儿子：长子暗嫩，是耶斯列人亚希暖所生的；次子但以利，是迦密人亚比该所生的； ² 三子押沙龙，是基述王达买女儿玛迦所生的；四子亚多尼雅，是哈及所生的； ³ 五子示法提雅，是亚比他所生的；六子以特念，是大卫的妻子以格拉所生的。 ⁴ 这六人都是大卫在希伯仑所生的。大卫在希伯仑作王七年零六个月；在耶路撒冷作王三十三年。 ⁵ 大卫在耶路撒冷所生的儿子记在下面：示米亚、朔罢、拿单、所罗门，共四人，是亚米利的女儿拔书亚所生的； ⁶ 又有益辖、以利沙玛、以利法列、 ⁷ 挪迦、尼斐、雅非亚、 ⁸ 以利沙玛、以利雅大、以利法列，共九人。 ⁹ 这都是大卫的儿子，还有妾所生的儿子，以及他们的姐妹他玛。
我们在撒下3:2-5、5:14-16等处已经读过关于大卫众子的事。一、他有许多儿子；他写诗篇127:5时想必真心如此想：箭袋充满的人便为有福。 二、他们中间有些使他忧愁，如暗嫩、押沙龙、亚多尼雅；我们读不到他们中任何一位效法他的敬虔和虔诚，除了所罗门，而所罗门也远不及。三、他们中有一位是拔示巴所生的，他给他起名叫拿单，大概为记念先知拿单——拿单曾为那事责备他，又是使他悔改的器皿。看来他终身因此更爱这位先知。当以那些对我们忠诚的人为我们最好的朋友，这是智慧。我们的主耶稣便是从大卫这位儿子而出，如路3:31所示。四、此处有两个以利沙玛，两个以利法列（代上3:6、8）。或许前两位已死，所以大卫又给另外两位起同名；若这做法真如有些人所设想的那样不吉利，他就不会这样做了。五、大卫有许多妾；但她们所生的儿女未被列名，因为他们不配得这尊荣（代上3:9），况且这些妾在押沙龙的事上曾对大卫不忠。六、大卫众子中，所罗门被选作接续他的——或许并非因任何个人的功劳（他的智慧是神的恩赐），而是父啊，因为你在你眼前看为美。
¹⁰ 所罗门的儿子是罗波安；他的儿子是亚比雅；他的儿子是亚撒；他的儿子是约沙法； ¹¹ 他的儿子是约兰；他的儿子是亚哈谢；他的儿子是约阿施； ¹² 他的儿子是亚玛谢；他的儿子是亚撒利雅；他的儿子是约坦； ¹³ 他的儿子是亚哈斯；他的儿子是希西家；他的儿子是玛拿西； ¹⁴ 他的儿子是亚们；他的儿子是约西亚。 ¹⁵ 约西亚的儿子是：长子约哈难、次子约雅敬、三子西底家、四子沙龙。 ¹⁶ 约雅敬的儿子是耶哥尼雅和他的兄弟西底家。 ¹⁷ 耶哥尼雅被掳；他的儿子是撒拉铁； ¹⁸ 玛基兰、毗大雅、示拿萨、耶加米雅、何沙玛、尼大比雅。 ¹⁹ 毗大雅的儿子是所罗巴伯、示每；所罗巴伯的儿子是米书兰、哈拿尼雅，还有他们的姐妹示罗密； ²⁰ 又有哈舒巴、阿黑、比利迦、哈撒底、耶设巴悉，共五人。 ²¹ 哈拿尼雅的儿子是毗拉提、以赛亚；还有利法雅的众子、亚珥南的众子、俄巴底亚的众子、示迦尼的众子。 ²² 示迦尼的儿子是示玛雅；示玛雅的儿子是哈突、以甲、巴利亚、近利亚、沙法，共六人。 ²³ 近利亚的儿子是以利约乃、希西家、亚斯利干，共三人。 ²⁴ 以利约乃的儿子是何大雅、以利亚实、毗拉雅、阿谷、约哈难、大拉雅、亚南，共七人。
大卫既有十九子，我们可推想他们在以色列中兴起了许多贵族之家，这些家在历史中我们再未读到。但圣经只在此为我们记下所罗门的后裔，以及拿单的后裔（路3:31）。其余的人虽有作大卫儿子的尊荣，唯独这两人才有与弥赛亚相关的尊荣。拿单的众子是他为人的祖先，所罗门的众子是他作王的先祖。我们在此有：一、大卫家系被引到被掳之时那些伟大而显赫的名字——南国犹大列王按血统继承的次序，他们的历史我们在列王纪上下两卷中已详尽读过，到历代志下还要再见。很少有一个王冠能像此处一样，直系地由父传子，连续十七代。这是大卫敬虔的赏赐。被掳前后，血统继承被中断，王冠从一弟兄传给另一弟兄，又从侄传给叔，这正是那家荣耀将暗淡的预兆。二、那些较少出名、大多数十分隐晦的名字，大卫家在被掳之后借此延续。归回之后，这家唯一一位名人就是所罗巴伯——他处称为撒拉铁的儿子，此处却显出是撒拉铁的孙子（代上3:17-19），这是经中常有的说法。伯沙撒被称为尼布甲尼撒的儿子，其实是孙子。撒拉铁被称为耶哥尼雅的儿子，是因为被耶哥尼雅收养，又因据有人所以为，他接续耶哥尼撒从以未米罗达所得恢复的尊位。否则耶哥尼雅就是被记为无子：他是神从自己右手上摘下的印（耶22:24），所罗巴伯被立在他原位上，所以神对他说（该2:23）：我必以你为印。 所罗巴伯的后裔在此所记的名字，与马太1:1-17、路3:23-38所记家谱中的名字并不相同，但那些名字无疑取自当时的纹章院，即祭司所保存的犹大各家的公开户籍——尤其大卫家。本章所记的最后一位是亚南，帕特里克主教说，他尔根在此加上这一句：他就是那将要显现的君王弥赛亚。 有些犹太作者所给的理由是：经上记着（但7:13），人子驾着天上的云而来。这理由实在牵强附会、远不可及；但那位有学问的人以为，这可以作为一个证据，证明他们的心思总是满了对弥赛亚的思念，并且他们期望所罗巴伯之后不久就是他所定临近之时。
英文原文
The Family of David (1055 BC)
¹ Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess:
² The third, Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur: the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith:
³ The fifth, Shephatiah of Abital: the sixth, Ithream by Eglah his wife.
⁴ These six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years.
⁵ And these were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shimea, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bath-shua the daughter of Ammiel:
⁶ Ibhar also, and Elishama, and Eliphelet,
⁷ And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia,
⁸ And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphelet, nine.
⁹ These were all the sons of David, beside the sons of the concubines, and Tamar their sister.
We had an account of David's sons, 2Sa 3:2-5,5:14-16, etc. 1. He had many sons; and no doubt wrote as he thought, Ps 127:5. Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of these arrows. 2. Some of them were a grief to him, as Amnon, Absalom, and Adonijah; and we do not read of any of them that imitated his piety or devotion except Solomon, and he came far short of it. 3. One of them, which Bath-sheba bore to him, he called Nathan, probably in honour of Nathan the prophet, who reproved him for his sin in that matter and was instrumental to bring him to repentance. It seems he loved him the better for it as long as he lived. It is wisdom to esteem those our best friends that deal faithfully with us. From this son of David our Lord Jesus descended, as appears Lu 3:31. 4. Here are two Elishamas, and two Eliphelets, 1Ch 3:6,8. Probably the two former were dead, and therefore David called two more by their names, which he would not have done if there had been any ill omen in this practice as some fancy. 5. David had many concubines; but their children are not named, as not worthy of the honour (1Ch 3:9), the rather because the concubines had dealt treacherously with David in the affair of Absalom. 6. Of all David's sons Solomon was chosen to succeed him, perhaps not for any personal merits (his wisdom was God's gift), but so, Father, because it seemed good unto thee.
¹⁰ And Solomon's son was Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,
¹¹ Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son,
¹² Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son,
¹³ Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son,
¹⁴ Amon his son, Josiah his son.
¹⁵ And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
¹⁶ And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son.
¹⁷ And the sons of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son,
¹⁸ Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
¹⁹ And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei: and the sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister:
²⁰ And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.
²¹ And the sons of Hananiah; Pelatiah, and Jesaiah: the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shechaniah.
²² And the sons of Shechaniah; Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; Hattush, and Igeal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six.
²³ And the sons of Neariah; Elioenai, and Hezekiah, and Azrikam, three.
²⁴ And the sons of Elioenai were, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Dalaiah, and Anani, seven.
David having nineteen sons, we may suppose them to have raised many noble families in Israel whom we never hear of in the history. But the scripture gives us an account only of the descendants of Solomon here, and of Nathan, Lu 3:31 The rest had the honour to be the sons of David; but these only had the honour to be related to the Messiah. The sons of Nathan were his fathers as man, the sons of Solomon his predecessors as king. We have here, 1. The great and celebrated names by which the line of David is drawn down to the captivity, the kings of Judah in a lineal succession, the history of whom we have had at large in the two books of Kings and shall meet with again in the second book of Chronicles. Seldom has a crown gone in a direct line from father to son for seventeen descents together, as here. This was the recompence of David's piety. About the time of the captivity the lineal descent was interrupted, and the crown went from one brother to another and from a nephew to an uncle, which was a presage of the eclipsing of the glory of that house. 2. The less famous, and most of them very obscure, names, in which the house of David subsisted after the captivity. The only famous man of that house that we meet with at their return from captivity was Zerubbabel, elsewhere called the son of Salathiel, but appearing here to be his grandson (1Ch 3:17-19), which is usual in scripture. Belshazzar is called Nebuchadnezzar's son, but was his grandson. Salathiel is said to be the son of Jeconiah because adopted by him, and because, as some think, he succeeded him in the dignity to which he was restored by Evil-merodach. Otherwise Jeconiah was written childless: he was the signet God plucked from his right hand (Jer 22:24), and in his room Zerubbabel was placed, and therefore God saith to him (Hag 2:23), I will make thee as a signet. The posterity of Zerubbabel here bear not the same names that they do in the genealogies (Mt 1:1-17, Lu 3:23-38), but those no doubt were taken from the then herald's office, the public registers which the priests kept of all the families of Judah, especially that of David. The last person named in this chapter is Anani, of whom bishop Patrick says that the Targum adds these words, He is the king Messiah, who is to be revealed, and some of the Jewish writers give this reason, because it is said (Da 7:13), the son of man came gnim gnanani—with the clouds of heaven. The reason indeed is very foreign and far-fetched; but that learned man thinks it may be made use of as an evidence that their minds were always full of the thoughts of the Messiah and that they expected it would not be very long after the days of Zerubbabel before the set time of his approach would come.
在以色列所有宗族之中，没有一族像大卫的家系那样显赫。这一族系在前一章（代上 2:15）中曾被提及。此处我们得见它的完整谱系。I. 大卫的众子（代上 3:1-9）。II. 只要王国尚存，他在王位上的继承者（代上 3:10-16）。III. 他的家族在被掳之时及被掳之后的遗存（代上 3:17-24）。正是从这一族系，"按肉体说，基督也是从他们出来的"。