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英文原文
This chapter gives us some account of the two tribes and a half that were seated on the other side Jordan. I. Of Reuben, 1Ch 5:1-10. II. Of Gad, 1Ch 5:11-17. III. Of the half-tribe of Manasseh, 1Ch 5:23,24. IV. Concerning all three acting in conjunction we are told, 1. How they conquered the Hagarites, 1Ch 5:18-22. 2. How they were, at length, themselves conquered, and made captives, by the king of Assyria, because they had forsaken God, 1Ch 5:25,26.
1-17
Genealogies (715 BC)
简体中文
家谱（主前715年）
¹ 以色列长子流便的儿子记在下面：流便原是长子；只因他污秽了父亲的床，他长子的名分就归了以色列的儿子约瑟的众子；按着名分，家谱不可如此计算。 ² 犹大胜过众弟兄，君王也是从他而出；只是长子的名分归约瑟： ³ 以色列长子流便的儿子是哈诺、法路、希斯仑、迦米。 ⁴ 约珥的儿子是示玛雅；示玛雅的儿子是歌革；歌革的儿子是示每； ⁵ 示每的儿子是米迦；米迦的儿子是利亚雅；利亚雅的儿子是巴力； ⁶ 巴力的儿子是比拉；这比拉是亚述王提革拉毗尼色所掳的；他是流便人的首领。 ⁷ 他的弟兄按着家谱、按着世代、按着宗族作族长的，有耶利和撒迦利雅， ⁸ 还有比拉，是亚撒的儿子，沙玛的儿子，约珥的儿子；他住在亚罗珥，直到尼波和巴力免。 ⁹ 又向东延展，直到旷野的入口，因为他们在基列地牲畜增多。 ¹⁰ 扫罗年间，他们与夏甲人争战，夏甲人败在他们手下；他们就在基列东边全地住在帐棚里。 ¹¹ 迦得的子孙对着他们在巴珊地，直到撒迦： ¹² 为首的是约珥，其次是沙番，还有雅乃，和在巴珊的沙法。 ¹³ 他们父家的弟兄有米迦勒、米书兰、示巴、约赖、雅干、细亚、希别，共七人。 ¹⁴ 这都是亚比孩的儿子；亚比海是户利的儿子，户利是耶罗亚的儿子，耶罗亚是基列的儿子，基列是米迦勒的儿子，米迦勒是耶示筛的儿子，耶示筛是耶哈多的儿子，耶哈多是布斯的儿子； ¹⁵ 还有古尼的孙子、押比叠的儿子亚希，是他们父家的首领。 ¹⁶ 他们住在基列、巴珊和属巴珊的乡村，以及沙仑的一切郊野，直到边界。 ¹⁷ 这些人在犹大王约坦年间和以色列王耶罗波安年间，都被记在家谱中。
我们在此读到一份家谱摘录，
I. 关于流便支派，我们有：
一、这支派为何如此被延后的原因。诚然流便是以色列的长子，按这身份本可要求居先；但他因污秽了父亲的妾，丧失了长子的名分，因此被定罪必不能卓越（创49:4）。罪使人降卑，把人从高位上推下。第七诫的罪尤其使人的名声和家族留下不可磨灭的污点，这是岁月不能洗去的耻辱。流便的子孙直到末代，都背负流便之罪的羞辱。然而这支派虽被降级，却未被撇弃，也未失去产业。一位以色列人荣耀的蒙尘，并非他幸福的失丧。流便失去了长子名分，但这名分并非落到按次序的西缅头上；因为这名分是预表性的，因此必须按着恩典的拣选，而非自然顺序。长子名分的特权是治权和双份产业。流便既失去这些，把两者一并归给一人又被视为太重，于是将之分开了。（一）约瑟得了双份；因为从他出了两个支派——以法莲和玛拿西，各得一份儿子的产业（雅各凭信心如此为他们祝福，来11:21、创48:15-22）；而且这两支派中每一支派都和十二支派中任何一支同样重要，同样有声有色，犹大除外。但（二）犹大得了治权；临终的列祖把权杖定在犹大身上（创49:10）。从他出了那治理者，先是大卫，到了时候满足，又有弥赛亚君王（弥5:2）。这尊荣既归犹大，他就不必因约瑟得了双份而嫉妒；有了这，他已足。
二、这支派众首领的家谱，即其主要家族（许多毫无疑问被省略了），直到比拉为止——当亚述王掳走他们时，他正是这族的首领（代上5:4-6）。或许他在此被称为流便人的首领，是因为他没有尽本分去防止被掳。
三、这支派疆界的扩展。他们增多，牲畜繁盛，便把邻居夏甲人挤出去，扩张他们的征服之地；虽未到伯拉大河，却到了与那河相接的旷野（代上5:9-10）。神如此为他百姓成就所应许的：他渐渐把仇敌从他们面前赶出去，按他们所需用的，把地赐给他们（出23:30）。
II. 关于迦得支派。该支派的一些大家族在此被记下（代上5:12）——亚比海的七个孩子；其谱系由儿子向上追到父亲（代上5:14-15），正如代上5:4-5是由父亲向下追到儿子。这些家谱在犹大王约坦年间完成，但开始得更早，在以色列王耶罗波安二世年间。为何在那时记这些家谱，原因并不显明；但这正是在他们被亚述人掳去之前不久，正如王下15:29、31所示。当神的审判因他们可悲的堕落与背道而即将临到他们之时，他们却以家谱为傲，自夸为圣约之子；正如我们救主时代的犹太人，当他们已成熟可灭时，仍夸口说：我们有亚伯拉罕为我们的祖宗。 或者其中可能有特别的护理，是恩待的暗示：虽然他们眼下被赶出，却未被永远丢弃。我们打算日后追讨之物，必留下清单。
英文原文
Genealogies (715 BC)
¹ Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright.
² For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph's:)
³ The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
⁴ The sons of Joel; Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
⁵ Micah his son, Reaia his son, Baal his son,
⁶ Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites.
⁷ And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah,
⁸ And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon:
⁹ And eastward he inhabited unto the entering in of the wilderness from the river Euphrates: because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead.
¹⁰ And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites, who fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the east land of Gilead.
¹¹ And the children of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of Bashan unto Salchah:
¹² Joel the chief, and Shapham the next, and Jaanai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
¹³ And their brethren of the house of their fathers were, Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, seven.
¹⁴ These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz;
¹⁵ Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of the house of their fathers.
¹⁶ And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders.
¹⁷ All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
We have here an extract out of the genealogies,
I. Of the tribe of Reuben, where we have,
1. The reason why this tribe is thus postponed. It is confessed that Reuben was the first-born of Israel, and, upon that account, might challenge the precedency; but he forfeited his birthright by defiling his father's concubine, and was, for that, sentenced not to excel, Ge 49:4. Sin lessens men, thrusts them down from their excellency. Seventh-commandment sins especially leave an indelible stain upon men's names and families, a reproach which time will not wipe away. Reuben's seed, to the last, bear the disgrace of Reuben's sin. Yet, though that tribe was degraded, it was not discarded or disinherited. The sullying of the honour of an Israelite is not the losing of his happiness. Reuben loses his birthright, yet it does not devolve upon Simeon the next in order; for it was typical, and therefore must attend, not the course of nature, but the choice of grace. The advantages of the birthright were dominion and a double portion. Reuben having forfeited these, it was thought too much that both should be transferred to any one, and therefore they were divided. (1.) Joseph had the double portion; for two tribes descended from him, Ephraim and Manasseh, each of whom had a child's part (for so Jacob by faith blessed them, Heb 11:21, Ge 48:15,22), and each of those tribes was as considerable, and made as good a figure, as any one of the twelve, except Judah. But, (2.) Judah had the dominion; on him the dying patriarch entailed the sceptre, Ge 49:10. Of him came the chief ruler, David first, and, in the fulness of time, Messiah the Prince, Mic 5:2. This honour was secured to Judah, though the birthright was Joseph's; and, having this, he needed not envy Joseph the double portion.
2. The genealogy of the princes of this tribe, the chief family of it (many, no doubt, being omitted), to Beerah, who was head of this clan when the king of Assyria carried them captive, 1Ch 5:4-6. Perhaps he is mentioned as prince of the Reubenites at that time because he did not do his part to prevent the captivity.
3. The enlargement of the coasts of this tribe. They increasing, and their cattle being multiplied, they crowded out their neighbours the Hagarites, and extended their conquests, though not to the river Euphrates, yet to the wilderness which abutted upon that river, 1Ch 5:9,10. Thus God did for his people as he promised them: he cast out the enemy from before them by little and little, and gave them their land as they had occasion for it, Ex 23:30.
II. Of the tribe of Gad. Some great families of that tribe are here named (1Ch 5:12), seven that were the children of Abihail, whose pedigree is carried upwards from the son to the father (1Ch 5:14,15), as that 1Ch 5:4,5, is brought downwards from father to son. These genealogies were perfected in the days of Jotham king of Judah, but were begun some years before, in the reign of Jeroboam II, king of Israel. What particular reason there was for taking these accounts then does not appear; but it was just before they were carried away captive by the Assyrians, as appears 2Ki 15:29,31. When the judgments of God were ready to break out against them for their wretched degeneracy and apostasy then were they priding themselves in their genealogies, that they were the children of the covenant; as the Jews, in our Saviour's time, who, when they were ripe for ruin, boasted, We have Abraham to our father. Or there might be a special providence in it, and a favourable intimation that though they were, for the present, cast out, they were not cast off for ever. What we design to call for hereafter we keep an inventory of.
18-26
The Defeat of the Hagarites (750 BC)
简体中文
击败夏甲人（主前750年）
¹⁸ 流便人、迦得人、玛拿西半支派的人，能拿盾牌和刀剑、能拉弓、善于争战的勇士，共有四万四千七百六十人，都出来上阵。 ¹⁹ 他们与夏甲人、伊突、拿非施、挪答交战。 *²⁰ 他们得了他们的帮助；夏甲人和所有跟随夏甲人的，都交在他们手中；因为他们在阵上呼求神，神就应允他们，因为他们倚靠神。 ²¹ 他们掳了他们的牲畜：骆驼五万、羊二十五万、驴二千、人十万。 ²² 因为被杀的甚多，因为这争战是出乎神。他们就住在他们的地上，直到被掳的时候。 ²³ 玛拿西半支派的人住在那地；他们从巴珊延展到巴力黑们、西尼、黑们山，人数增多。 ²⁴ 他们父家的族长如下：以弗、以示、以列、亚斯列、耶利米、何达威雅、耶铁，都是大能的勇士、有名望的人，是父家的族长。 ²⁵ 他们得罪了他们列祖的神，随从那地诸民的诸神行邪淫，就是神在他们面前所灭的。 ²⁶ 以色列的神激动亚述王普勒和亚述王提革拉毗尼色的灵；他就把他们——流便人、迦得人、玛拿西半支派的人——掳到哈腊、哈博、哈拉与歌散河边，直到今日。
住在约旦河东的玛拿西半支派的族长，在此被列名（代上5:23-24）。他们最初所得的地业只是巴珊；但后来他们在财富和权势上大增，向北扩展直到黑们山。关于河东这两支派半，此处只记两件事，是他们都有关的。他们都共享：
I. 一场对夏甲人的荣耀胜利——夏甲人如今如此称呼，为要提醒他们是使女的儿子，是被赶出去的。我们未被告诉这场胜利是何时取得的：是否与流便人的胜利相同（代上5:10说那是在扫罗年间），还是那一次的成功激励了另外两支派与他们一同出兵另作远征，并不确定。看来，虽在扫罗年间全国的共同利益衰弱不振，但有些支派单独行动，倒为自己作了善工。我们在此被告知：
一、这些边境支派带了何等勇猛的军队上战场攻打夏甲人：四万四千多人，都是健壮、勇敢、善战的，如此多有效兵丁，都熟悉如何运用兵器（代上5:18）。倘若各支派都能联合行动，以色列在士师时代将会何等更可观！
二、他们采取了何等方法让神为他们效力：他们呼求神，并倚靠他（代上5:20）。此时他们真作以色列人。（一）作为有信心的亚伯拉罕的子孙，他们倚靠神。他们虽有强大的军队，却不倚靠那军队，而倚靠神的大能。他们倚赖神所给他们、为扩张疆界而向邻邦作战的权柄——若有需要，连距离甚远、非属当灭之国的也可与之争战。参申20:15。他们倚靠神的护理赐给他们成功。（二）作为祷告的雅各的子孙，他们呼求神，尤其在阵上——或许起初他们险被压制。参代下13:14所行类似之事。在患难中，神指望我们向他呼求；他向我们索要这份贡物、这份当纳的租。在属灵的争战中，我们必须仰望天上求力量；信心的祷告才是得胜的祷告。
三、我们被告知他们有何等的成功：神应允了他们——虽然是被需要所逼，他仍听允；他听允祷告是何等乐意。他们得了帮助胜过仇敌；因为神从未叫任何倚靠他的人失望。然后他们击溃了在人数上远超他们的敌军，杀了许多（代上5:22），掳了十万俘虏，因掳物大大富足，并定居在其地上（代上5:21-22），这一切都是因为这争战是出乎神——在他的敬畏中发起，又倚靠他而行。争战若是属耶和华的，就有理由盼望它会成功。我们若把神带在我们身边，便可期望凡事亨通；也唯有那时。
II. 他们终于共享了可耻的被掳。他们若忠于神和本分，就必继续享受古业和新征服之地；但他们得罪了他们列祖的神（代上5:25）。他们住在外缘，最多与邻邦交往，因此学到了他们拜偶像的习俗，又把这病染给了其余支派；为此神与他们有了争论。他是他们的丈夫，他们随从别神行邪淫，他的嫉恨如火烧，并不为奇。淫妇被给予休书，正是公义的。神激动亚述诸王的灵——先是一位，再是另一位——来攻击他们，借那些野心君王的计谋成全他自己的目的，先借他们管教这些叛徒，当他们仍不谦卑时，便借他们将其完全拔出（代上5:26）。这两支派半最先被安置，也最先被迁走。他们要最好的地，却没有思想那地最暴露于危险。在选择上受感官支配多于受理智或信心支配的人，可期望相应结局。
英文原文
The Defeat of the Hagarites (750 BC)
¹⁸ The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war.
¹⁹ And they made war with the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, and Nodab.
²⁰ And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried to God in the battle, and he was intreated of them; because they put their trust in him.
²¹ And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men a hundred thousand.
²² For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their steads until the captivity.
²³ And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baal-hermon and Senir, and unto mount Hermon.
²⁴ And these were the heads of the house of their fathers, even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house of their fathers.
²⁵ And they transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them.
²⁶ And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, unto this day.
The heads of the half-tribe of Manasseh, that were seated on the other side Jordan, are named here, 1Ch 5:23,24. Their lot, at first, was Bashan only; but afterwards they increased so much in wealth and power that they spread far north, even unto Hermon. Two things only are here recorded concerning these tribes on the other side Jordan, in which they were all concerned. They all shared,
I. In a glorious victory over the Hagarites, so the Ishmaelites were now called, to remind them that they were the sons of the bond-woman, that was cast out. We are not told when this victory was obtained: whether it be the same with that of the Reubenites (which is said 1Ch 5:10 to be in the days of Saul), or whether that success of one of these tribes animated and excited the other two to join with them in another expedition, is not certain. It seems, though in Saul's time the common interests of the kingdom were weak and low, some of the tribes that acted separately did well for themselves. We are here told,
1. What a brave army these frontier-tribes brought into the field against the Hagarites, 44,000 men and upwards, all strong, and brave, and skilful in war, so many effective men, that knew how to manage their weapons, 1Ch 5:18. How much more considerable might Israel have been than they were in the time of the judges if all the tribes had acted in conjunction!
2. What course they took to engage God for them: They cried to God, and put their trust in him, 1Ch 5:20. Now they acted as Israelites indeed. (1.) As the seed of believing Abraham, they put their trust in God. Though they had a powerful army, they relied not on that, but on the divine power. They depended on the commission they had from God to wage war with their neighbours for the enlarging of their coasts, if there was occasion, even with those that were very far off, besides the devoted nations. See De 20:15. They depended on God's providence to give them success. (2.) As the seed of praying Jacob, they cried unto God, especially in the battle, when perhaps, at first, they were in danger of being overpowered. See the like done, 2Ch 13:14. In distress, God expects we should cry to him; he distrains upon us for this tribute, this rent. In our spiritual conflicts, we must look up to heaven for strength; and it is the believing prayer that will be the prevailing prayer.
3. We are told what success they had: God was entreated of them, though need drove them to him; so ready is he to hear and answer prayer. They were helped against their enemies; for God never yet failed any that trusted in him. And then they routed the enemy's army, though far superior in number to theirs, slew many (1Ch 5:22), took 100,000 prisoners, enriched themselves greatly with the spoil, and settled themselves in their country (1Ch 5:21,22), and all this because the war was of God, undertaken in his fear and carried on in a dependence upon him. If the battle be the Lord's, there is reason to hope it will be successful. Then we may expect to prosper in any enterprise, and then only, when we take God along with us.
II. They shared, at length, in an inglorious captivity. Had they kept close to God and their duty, they would have continued to enjoy both their ancient lot and their new conquests; but they transgressed against the God of their fathers, 1Ch 5:25. They lay upon the borders, and conversed most with the neighbouring nations, by which means they learned their idolatrous usages and transmitted the infection to the other tribes; for this God had a controversy with them. He was a husband to them, and no marvel that his jealousy burnt like fire when they went a whoring after other gods. Justly is a bill of divorce given to the adulteress. God stirred up the spirit of the kings of Assyria, first one and then another, against them, served his own purposes by the designs of those ambitious monarchs, employed them to chastise these revolters first, and, when that humbled them not, then wholly to root them out, 1Ch 5:26. These tribes were first placed, and they were first displaced. They would have the best land, not considering that it lay most exposed. But those who are governed more by sense than by reason or faith in their choices may expect to fare accordingly.
本章为我们略述了定居在约旦河东岸的那两个半支派。I. 关于流便（代上 5:1-10）。II. 关于迦得（代上 5:11-17）。III. 关于玛拿西半支派（代上 5:23-24）。IV. 关于这三个支派联合行动的事，我们读到：1. 他们如何征服了夏甲人（代上 5:18-22）。2. 他们最终如何因离弃神，而被亚述王所征服、沦为俘虏（代上 5:25-26）。