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繁體中文
英文原文
This chapter gives us some account of the two tribes and a half that were seated on the other side Jordan. I. Of Reuben, 1Ch 5:1-10. II. Of Gad, 1Ch 5:11-17. III. Of the half-tribe of Manasseh, 1Ch 5:23,24. IV. Concerning all three acting in conjunction we are told, 1. How they conquered the Hagarites, 1Ch 5:18-22. 2. How they were, at length, themselves conquered, and made captives, by the king of Assyria, because they had forsaken God, 1Ch 5:25,26.
1-17
Genealogies (715 BC)
繁體中文
家譜（主前 715 年）
¹ 以色列的長子流便的兒子是（流便原是長子；但因他污穢了父親的床，他長子的名分就歸了以色列的兒子約瑟的子孫；只是在家譜中不可按長子的名分計算。 ² 因為猶大勝過一切弟兄，君王也是從他而出；只是長子的名分卻歸約瑟）： ³ 以色列的長子流便的兒子是哈諾、法路、希斯崙、迦米。 ⁴ 約珥的兒子是示瑪雅、他的兒子歌革、他的兒子示每、 ⁵ 他的兒子米迦、他的兒子利亞雅、他的兒子巴力、 ⁶ 他的兒子比拉亞。這比拉亞是亞述王提革拉毗尼色所擄去的；他是流便人的首領。 ⁷ 他的弟兄照著宗族，按著家譜作族長的，是耶利、撒迦利亞、 ⁸ 比拉是亞撒的兒子、示瑪的兒子、約珥的兒子；這人住在亞羅珥，直到尼波和巴力免。 ⁹ 又向東延到伯拉河這邊的曠野邊界，因為他們在基列地的牲畜增多。 ¹⁰ 掃羅年間，他們與夏甲人爭戰；夏甲人倒在他們手下，他們就在基列東邊的全地、住在他們的帳棚裏。 ¹¹ 迦得的子孫在他們對面、在巴珊地撒迦居住，直到撒迦： ¹² 為首的是約珥，其次是沙番，又有雅乃，和在巴珊的沙法。 ¹³ 他們族弟兄的首領是米迦勒、米書蘭、示巴、約賴、雅干、細亞、希伯，共七人。 ¹⁴ 這都是亞比海的兒子；亞比海是戶利的兒子、耶羅亞的兒子、基列的兒子、米迦勒的兒子、耶示篩的兒子、耶哈多的兒子、布斯的兒子。 ¹⁵ 還有古尼的孫子、押疊的兒子亞希，是他們宗族的首領。 ¹⁶ 他們住在基列、巴珊，和屬巴珊的鄉村，並沙崙的一切郊野，直到交界。 ¹⁷ 這些人在猶大王約坦年間，和以色列王耶羅波安年間，都載入家譜。
我們在此看到摘自家譜中的記載：
一、流便支派，其中我們看到，
一、這個支派之所以被如此排在後面的緣故。經文承認流便是以色列的長子，並且可以據此要求居先的地位；但他因污穢了父親的妾而喪失了長子的名分，並且為此被判「不得居首」（創四十九4）。罪使人降卑，將人從尊榮中推下。第七誡的罪尤其會在人及其家族的名聲上留下不能磨滅的污點，是時間不能洗去的羞辱。流便的後裔直到末後，都承受著流便之罪的羞辱。然而，這個支派雖然被貶，卻沒有被棄絕，也沒有被剝奪產業。以色列人尊榮的受損，並不等於他福樂的喪失。流便失去了長子的名分，但這名分並不歸給按次序緊接的西緬；因為這是預表性的，所以必須依循的不是自然的次序，而是恩典的揀選。長子名分的特權有兩項：統治權和雙倍的產業。流便既喪失了這兩項，將兩者都歸給任何一個人就顯得過分，因此被分開了。（1）約瑟得了雙分的產業；因為從他出了兩個支派，就是以法蓮和瑪拿西，各人各得一分（因為雅各憑信心如此為他們祝福，來十一21、創四十八15、22），而這兩個支派各自都與十二支派中任何一個（猶大除外）同等重要，同樣出色。（2）猶大得了統治權；臨終的先祖將權杖指定歸他（創四十九10）。從他出了那位「君王」，首先是大衛，到了時候滿足，就是彌賽亞君王（彌五2）。這項尊榮雖然長子的名分歸了約瑟，卻仍歸猶大所有；他既有此尊榮，便不必嫉妒約瑟所得的雙分產業。
二、這個支派眾首領的家譜，即其中首要的家族（無疑有許多被省略），一直到比拉亞；當亞述王擄走他們的時候，他是這一族的首領（代上五4-6）。此處提到他是當時流便人的首領，也許是因為他沒有盡本分去防止被擄之事。
三、這個支派疆界的擴展。他們人數增多、牲畜繁盛，便擠壓了鄰舍夏甲人，擴張了他們的征服之地──雖未達到伯拉大河，卻達到了與那河毗連的曠野（代上五9、10）。神如此為他的百姓成就了他所應許的：他一點一滴地在他們面前趕出仇敵，並照他們所需的時機將那地賜給他們（出二十三30）。
二、迦得支派。此處記載了這支派中幾個大族的名字（代上五12），就是亞比海的七個兒子；他的家譜在此由子向上追溯到父（代上五14、15），正如代上五4、5那裏由父向下追溯到子。這些家譜在猶大王約坦年間完成，但始於若干年前，即在以色列王耶羅波安二世在位時。當時為何要統計這些戶口，並無明顯的原因；但這正是他們被亞述人擄去之前不久的事，如列王紀下十五29、31所示。當神的審判正要因他們可悲的墮落和背道而發作之時，他們卻以自己的家譜為誇口，自認是立約之子；正如我們救主時代的猶太人，當他們毁滅之日將熟之際，卻誇口說：「我們有亞伯拉罕為我們的祖宗。」又或者這其中有神特殊的護理，是一個有恩的暗示：雖然他們目前被逐出，卻不是永遠被棄。我們打算日後要追討的東西，總會保存其清單。
英文原文
Genealogies (715 BC)
¹ Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright.
² For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph's:)
³ The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
⁴ The sons of Joel; Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
⁵ Micah his son, Reaia his son, Baal his son,
⁶ Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites.
⁷ And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah,
⁸ And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon:
⁹ And eastward he inhabited unto the entering in of the wilderness from the river Euphrates: because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead.
¹⁰ And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites, who fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the east land of Gilead.
¹¹ And the children of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of Bashan unto Salchah:
¹² Joel the chief, and Shapham the next, and Jaanai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
¹³ And their brethren of the house of their fathers were, Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, seven.
¹⁴ These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz;
¹⁵ Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of the house of their fathers.
¹⁶ And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders.
¹⁷ All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel.
We have here an extract out of the genealogies,
I. Of the tribe of Reuben, where we have,
1. The reason why this tribe is thus postponed. It is confessed that Reuben was the first-born of Israel, and, upon that account, might challenge the precedency; but he forfeited his birthright by defiling his father's concubine, and was, for that, sentenced not to excel, Ge 49:4. Sin lessens men, thrusts them down from their excellency. Seventh-commandment sins especially leave an indelible stain upon men's names and families, a reproach which time will not wipe away. Reuben's seed, to the last, bear the disgrace of Reuben's sin. Yet, though that tribe was degraded, it was not discarded or disinherited. The sullying of the honour of an Israelite is not the losing of his happiness. Reuben loses his birthright, yet it does not devolve upon Simeon the next in order; for it was typical, and therefore must attend, not the course of nature, but the choice of grace. The advantages of the birthright were dominion and a double portion. Reuben having forfeited these, it was thought too much that both should be transferred to any one, and therefore they were divided. (1.) Joseph had the double portion; for two tribes descended from him, Ephraim and Manasseh, each of whom had a child's part (for so Jacob by faith blessed them, Heb 11:21, Ge 48:15,22), and each of those tribes was as considerable, and made as good a figure, as any one of the twelve, except Judah. But, (2.) Judah had the dominion; on him the dying patriarch entailed the sceptre, Ge 49:10. Of him came the chief ruler, David first, and, in the fulness of time, Messiah the Prince, Mic 5:2. This honour was secured to Judah, though the birthright was Joseph's; and, having this, he needed not envy Joseph the double portion.
2. The genealogy of the princes of this tribe, the chief family of it (many, no doubt, being omitted), to Beerah, who was head of this clan when the king of Assyria carried them captive, 1Ch 5:4-6. Perhaps he is mentioned as prince of the Reubenites at that time because he did not do his part to prevent the captivity.
3. The enlargement of the coasts of this tribe. They increasing, and their cattle being multiplied, they crowded out their neighbours the Hagarites, and extended their conquests, though not to the river Euphrates, yet to the wilderness which abutted upon that river, 1Ch 5:9,10. Thus God did for his people as he promised them: he cast out the enemy from before them by little and little, and gave them their land as they had occasion for it, Ex 23:30.
II. Of the tribe of Gad. Some great families of that tribe are here named (1Ch 5:12), seven that were the children of Abihail, whose pedigree is carried upwards from the son to the father (1Ch 5:14,15), as that 1Ch 5:4,5, is brought downwards from father to son. These genealogies were perfected in the days of Jotham king of Judah, but were begun some years before, in the reign of Jeroboam II, king of Israel. What particular reason there was for taking these accounts then does not appear; but it was just before they were carried away captive by the Assyrians, as appears 2Ki 15:29,31. When the judgments of God were ready to break out against them for their wretched degeneracy and apostasy then were they priding themselves in their genealogies, that they were the children of the covenant; as the Jews, in our Saviour's time, who, when they were ripe for ruin, boasted, We have Abraham to our father. Or there might be a special providence in it, and a favourable intimation that though they were, for the present, cast out, they were not cast off for ever. What we design to call for hereafter we keep an inventory of.
18-26
The Defeat of the Hagarites (750 BC)
繁體中文
擊敗夏甲人（主前 750 年）
¹⁸ 流便人、迦得人、瑪拿西半支派的人，能拿盾牌和刀劍、拉弓、上陣打仗的勇士，共有四萬四千七百六十名。* ¹⁹ 他們與夏甲人、伊突人、拿非施人、挪答人爭戰。* ²⁰ 他們得了神的幫助，夏甲人和所有隨從他們的人都交在他們手中；因為他們在陣上呼求神，神就應允他們，因為他們倚靠他。* ²¹ 他們擄掠了敵人的牲畜，就是駱駝五萬、羊二十五萬、驢二千，又有男丁十萬。* ²² 敵人被殺的甚多，因為這爭戰是出於神。他們就住在敵人的地上，直到被擄的時候。* ²³ 瑪拿西半支派的人住在那地，從巴珊延展到巴力黑門、示尼珥、黑門山。* ²⁴ 他們的族長是：以弗、以示、以列、亞斯列、耶利米、何達威雅、雅疊，都是大能的勇士，是有名的人，也是族長。* ²⁵ 他們得罪了他們列祖的神，隨從那地諸民的假神行淫亂；神曾在他們面前將這些國的民滅絕。* ²⁶ 以色列的神激動亞述王普勒的心，就是亞述王提革拉毗尼色的心，他就把流便人、迦得人、瑪拿西半支派的人擄到哈臘、哈博、哈拉與歌散河邊，直到今日。*
瑪拿西半支派住在約但河東的族長，在此被記名，代上五23,24。他們起初所得的地業只是巴珊；但後來他們在財富和勢力上大大增長，以至於向北擴展，遠達黑門山。此處只記載了兩件關於河東這些支派的事，都是他們共同關切的。他們一同有分於：
一、一次榮耀的勝利，戰勝了夏甲人——這是當時對以實瑪利人的稱呼，為要提醒他們，他們是「被趕出去」的「使女的兒子」（創二十一10）。經上沒有告訴我們這次勝利是在何時取得的：是否與流便人那次相同（據代上五10 記載是「在掃羅的時候」），還是因這一支派的成功激發並推動了另外兩個支派與他們聯手另一次遠征，則不得而知。看來，雖然在掃羅的時候國中共同的利益衰微不振，但有些支派分頭行動，卻為自己取得了不錯的成就。此處我們看到：
1. 這些邊境支派帶了多少英勇的軍兵到戰場上對抗夏甲人——四萬四千多人，個個強壯、勇敢、精通戰事，這麼多有效戰力，都曉得如何使用兵器，代上五18。倘若各支派能聯合行動，以色列在士師時代本可以比實際情況強盛得多！
2. 他們採取了甚麼方法來尋求神的幫助：他們「呼求神」，並「倚靠他」，代上五20。如今他們行事正如真以色列人。（1）作為信心的祖宗亞伯拉罕的後裔，他們「倚靠神」。他們雖有強大的軍隊，卻不倚靠軍隊，而倚靠神的大能。他們信靠神所賜的權柄——若有必要，即使是非常遠方的鄰國，他們也可以為擴展疆界而與之爭戰，更何況那些當滅之民（申二十15）。他們信靠神的護理會賜他們成功。（2）作為禱告的祖宗雅各的後裔，他們「呼求神」，尤其是在戰陣之中——那時他們或許一開始就有被壓倒的危險。類似的情形見於代下十四11。在患難中，神期望我們呼求他；他向我們索取這項貢品、這份當納的。在我們屬靈的爭戰中，我們必須向天仰望能力；而出於信心的禱告，才是能得勝的禱告。
3. 我們看到他們所得的成功：「神應允了他們」，雖然是迫不得已才催逼他來——他是何等樂意聽允禱告！他們得了幫助勝過仇敵；因為神從未叫任何信靠他的人失望。於是他們擊潰了人數遠超他們的敵軍，殺了許多人（代上五22），俘虜了十萬人，因擄物大為富足，並在敵人的境內定居下來（代上五21,22）——這一切都是因為「這爭戰是出於神」，是在敬畏他的心中發起，並在倚靠他之中進行的。爭戰若是屬乎耶和華的，就有理由盼望它必得勝。我們若將神帶在身邊，才能期望在任何事業上亨通；也只有在那时。
二、他們最終有分於一次不光彩的被擄。他們若緊緊倚靠神、持守本分，本可繼續享受原有的地業和新得的戰利品；但他們「得罪了他們列祖的神」，代上五25。他們住在邊境，與鄰國交往最多，因此學了鄰國拜偶像的惡俗，又將這病毒傳給別的支派；為此神要與他們算帳。神是他們的「丈夫」（賽五十四5），難怪他的嫉妒如烈火燃燒，因為他們「隨從別神行淫亂」。行淫的婦人被休棄，乃是理所當然的。神「激動亞述諸王的心」——先是一位，後又另一位——來攻擊他們，藉著那些野心勃勃的君王所定的計謀來成就自己的旨意，先使用他們來懲治這些背道者；既然這樣仍不能使他們謙卑，便將他們「全然拔出」，代上五26。這些支派是最先被安置的，也是最先被遷移的。他們要最好的地業，卻沒有考慮到那地最為暴露。但凡在選擇上受感官支配多於受理智或信心支配的人，其結局也必與此相稱。
英文原文
The Defeat of the Hagarites (750 BC)
¹⁸ The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war.
¹⁹ And they made war with the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, and Nodab.
²⁰ And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried to God in the battle, and he was intreated of them; because they put their trust in him.
²¹ And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men a hundred thousand.
²² For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their steads until the captivity.
²³ And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baal-hermon and Senir, and unto mount Hermon.
²⁴ And these were the heads of the house of their fathers, even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house of their fathers.
²⁵ And they transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them.
²⁶ And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, unto this day.
The heads of the half-tribe of Manasseh, that were seated on the other side Jordan, are named here, 1Ch 5:23,24. Their lot, at first, was Bashan only; but afterwards they increased so much in wealth and power that they spread far north, even unto Hermon. Two things only are here recorded concerning these tribes on the other side Jordan, in which they were all concerned. They all shared,
I. In a glorious victory over the Hagarites, so the Ishmaelites were now called, to remind them that they were the sons of the bond-woman, that was cast out. We are not told when this victory was obtained: whether it be the same with that of the Reubenites (which is said 1Ch 5:10 to be in the days of Saul), or whether that success of one of these tribes animated and excited the other two to join with them in another expedition, is not certain. It seems, though in Saul's time the common interests of the kingdom were weak and low, some of the tribes that acted separately did well for themselves. We are here told,
1. What a brave army these frontier-tribes brought into the field against the Hagarites, 44,000 men and upwards, all strong, and brave, and skilful in war, so many effective men, that knew how to manage their weapons, 1Ch 5:18. How much more considerable might Israel have been than they were in the time of the judges if all the tribes had acted in conjunction!
2. What course they took to engage God for them: They cried to God, and put their trust in him, 1Ch 5:20. Now they acted as Israelites indeed. (1.) As the seed of believing Abraham, they put their trust in God. Though they had a powerful army, they relied not on that, but on the divine power. They depended on the commission they had from God to wage war with their neighbours for the enlarging of their coasts, if there was occasion, even with those that were very far off, besides the devoted nations. See De 20:15. They depended on God's providence to give them success. (2.) As the seed of praying Jacob, they cried unto God, especially in the battle, when perhaps, at first, they were in danger of being overpowered. See the like done, 2Ch 13:14. In distress, God expects we should cry to him; he distrains upon us for this tribute, this rent. In our spiritual conflicts, we must look up to heaven for strength; and it is the believing prayer that will be the prevailing prayer.
3. We are told what success they had: God was entreated of them, though need drove them to him; so ready is he to hear and answer prayer. They were helped against their enemies; for God never yet failed any that trusted in him. And then they routed the enemy's army, though far superior in number to theirs, slew many (1Ch 5:22), took 100,000 prisoners, enriched themselves greatly with the spoil, and settled themselves in their country (1Ch 5:21,22), and all this because the war was of God, undertaken in his fear and carried on in a dependence upon him. If the battle be the Lord's, there is reason to hope it will be successful. Then we may expect to prosper in any enterprise, and then only, when we take God along with us.
II. They shared, at length, in an inglorious captivity. Had they kept close to God and their duty, they would have continued to enjoy both their ancient lot and their new conquests; but they transgressed against the God of their fathers, 1Ch 5:25. They lay upon the borders, and conversed most with the neighbouring nations, by which means they learned their idolatrous usages and transmitted the infection to the other tribes; for this God had a controversy with them. He was a husband to them, and no marvel that his jealousy burnt like fire when they went a whoring after other gods. Justly is a bill of divorce given to the adulteress. God stirred up the spirit of the kings of Assyria, first one and then another, against them, served his own purposes by the designs of those ambitious monarchs, employed them to chastise these revolters first, and, when that humbled them not, then wholly to root them out, 1Ch 5:26. These tribes were first placed, and they were first displaced. They would have the best land, not considering that it lay most exposed. But those who are governed more by sense than by reason or faith in their choices may expect to fare accordingly.
本章給我們一些關於約但河東那兩個半支派的記述：一、流便（代上五1–10）。二、迦得（代上五11–17）。三、瑪拿西半個支派（代上五23–24）。四、關乎這三者聯合行動，我們讀到：1. 他們如何征服了夏甲人（代上五18–22）。2. 他們至終自己如何被亞述王所征服、擄去，因為他們離棄了神（代上五25–26）。