A Theological Dictionary

IDOLATRY Idolatry

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Idolatry is the worship of idols, or the ascribing to creatures and things properties that belong to God alone.

DONATISTS Donatists

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Donatists were an ancient African schismatic party, named from Donatus, arising in the early fourth century amid disputes over church purity and episcopal succession.

KINDNESS Kindness

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Kindness is civil behaviour, favourable treatment, and a constant practice of friendly offices and benevolent actions.

KNOWLEDGE OF GOD Knowledge of God

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Knowledge of God can denote the fear of God and religion as a whole, but saving knowledge affects the heart and conduct, not mere speculation.

LOVE TO GOD Love to God

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Love to God is a divine principle implanted by the Spirit, by which one reverences, esteems, desires, and delights in God as the chief good.

OBEDIENCE Obedience

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Obedience is the performance of a superior's commands; obedience to God includes believing the gospel and conforming life to divine precepts.

PRAISE Praise

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Praise is an acknowledgment of benefits and excellencies, especially the devotional act of confessing and admiring God's attributes.

MONTANISTS Montanists

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Montanists were a sect arising in the second century under Montanus of Phrygia, associated with claims of extraordinary prophecy and rigorous discipline.

AFFLICTION Affliction

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Affliction is distress or calamity of any kind, which Scripture presents as appointed, temporary, and, when sanctified, spiritually beneficial to believers.

BACKSLIDING Backsliding

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Backsliding is turning from the path of duty; Buck distinguishes partial decline in believers from wilful or final apostasy and lists spiritual negligence among its causes.

BLASPHEMY Blasphemy

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Blasphemy is reproachful or abusive speech, especially speech that dishonours God by denying what belongs to him or ascribing to him what is contrary to his nature.

CALVINISTS Calvinists

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Calvinists are those who embrace Calvin's doctrine, especially election, particular redemption, total depravity, effectual calling, and perseverance in grace.

CONSUBSTANTIATION Consubstantiation

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Consubstantiation is the Lutheran teaching that Christ's body and blood are substantially present in the Eucharist together with the substance of bread and wine.

DAMNATION Damnation

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Damnation means condemnation; Buck notes that Scripture may use the word for final loss, but also for temporal judgment or the verdict of conscience.

DEATH Death

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Death is commonly defined as the separation of soul and body; Buck also treats it as the effect of sin and distinguishes bodily death from spiritual death.

EVANGELICAL Evangelical

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Evangelical means agreeable to the doctrines of Christianity, especially reliance on Christ's merits rather than moral duties for acceptance with God.

EXPIATION Expiation

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Expiation is a religious act by which satisfaction or atonement is made for crime, guilt is removed, and liability to punishment is cancelled.

ORDINANCES OF THE GOSPEL Ordinances of the Gospel

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The ordinances of the gospel are divinely authorized institutions relating to the worship of God, including baptism, the Lord's Supper, ministry, hearing, prayer, singing, fasting, and thanksgiving.

RIGHTEOUSNESS Righteousness

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Righteousness is justice or holiness; Buck describes a threefold righteousness of believers in Christ's imputed merit, right principles, and holy life.

TRANSUBSTANTIATION Transubstantiation

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Transubstantiation is the Roman Catholic teaching that the substance of bread and wine in the Eucharist is changed into Christ's body and blood by priestly consecration.