서론
Psalm 148 Introduction
繁體中文
英文原文
The author of this psalm is unknown. The occasion on which it was composed was probably the same as that on which the two previous psalms and the two following were written - each commencing and closing with a Hallelujah. That occasion was, most probably, as before remarked, the rebuilding of Jerusalem after the captivity, and the dedication of the temple.
The psalm is, in general, a call on all parts of the universe to praise the Lord. It is properly divided into two portions. In the first Psalm 148:1-6, the call is addressed to the heavens - to all that is above the earth - to praise Yahweh; in the second Psalm 148:7-14, the call is addressed to all the dwellers on the earth to unite in that praise. The psalm is most animated and triumphant. The language accords with the sentiment. It is adapted to the most animating and spirit-stirring music; and these psalms - this and the two preceding and the two following - in style, in sentiment, in poetic beauty, in sublimity, in their adaptedness to fill the soul with lofty emotions - are eminently suited to close the whole collection - the entire Book of Psalms. Little can be needed, or can be added, in illustration of the sentiments of the psalm.
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Psalm 148:1
繁體中文
「你們要讚美耶和華」——參見 Psalm 146:1 的註釋。
「從天上讚美耶和華」——由天上的部分開始。願住在天上的首先唱這歌。
「在高處讚美他」——凡在高處的；即宇宙最高的部分，諸天之中的。
英文原文
Praise ye the Lord - See the notes at Psalm 146:1.
Praise ye the Lord from the heavens - On the part of the heavens. Let those who dwell in heaven begin the song.
Praise him in the heights - All that are in the heights; to wit, in the highest parts of the universe, or the heavens.
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Psalm 148:2
繁體中文
「他的眾使者都要讚美他」——他們住在天上。可比較 Psalm 103:20 的註釋。
「他的諸軍都要讚美他」——參見 Psalm 103:21 及 Isaiah 1:9 的註釋。即他的一切軍隊——指眾天使被編列為軍旅，神是他們的元首與統帥。
英文原文
Praise ye him, all his angels - Dwelling in the heavens. Compare the notes at Psalm 103:20.
Praise ye him, all his hosts - See the notes at Psalm 103:21 and the notes at Isaiah 1:9. All his armies - referring to the angels considered as marshalled into hosts, of which God is the Head and Leader.
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Psalm 148:3
繁體中文
「日頭月亮，你們要讚美他」——就人眼所見而言，這是天空中最顯赫、最榮耀的物體。
「放光的星宿，你們都要讚美他」——這是一個詩意的表達，指明亮、閃耀的星宿。這句話涵蓋了映入人眼簾的一切星宿。每一顆星都有其所以讚美神的獨特之處；而眾星的整體——那龐大的群體本身——也當同聲加入一個讚美的合唱。
英文原文
Praise ye him, sun and moon - The most conspicuous and glorious objects in the heavens, as apparent to the eyes of people.
Praise him, all ye stars of light - A poetical expression to denote bright or shining stars. The phrase embraces all the stars as they strike the eyes of people. Each one has something special to it for which to praise God: and the entire groups - the immense multitudes, as such - should join in one chorus of praise.
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Psalm 148:4
繁體中文
「天上的天啊，你們要讚美他」——這是指一層天高過另一層天的觀念。見詩篇 68:33 的註釋。並見列王紀上 8:27：「看哪，天和天上的天尚且不足你居住的。」比較歷代志下 2:6。
「天上的水啊」——見創世記 1:7：「神就造出空氣，將空氣以下的水、空氣以上的水分開了。」這裡所暗指的，是那些似乎在較低之天（即空氣）之上的水，它們似乎是從某個更高的領域——某個更高的天——而來的。見詩篇 104:3 的註釋：「在水中立樓閣的棟樑。」
英文原文
Praise him, ye heavens of heavens - Referring to the idea that there is one heaven rising above another. See the notes at Psalm 68:33. See 1 Kings 8:27 : "Behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee." Compare 2 Chronicles 2:6.
And ye waters that be above the heavens - Genesis 1:7 : "And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament." The allusion here is to the waters which seem to be above the lower heaven, that is, the air, and which seem to come from some higher region - some higher heaven. See the notes at Psalm 104:3 : "Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters."
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Psalm 148:5
繁體中文
「願這些都讚美耶和華的名」——意即願它們讚美耶和華自己——名常常代表所指的人物或事物。
「因他一吩咐便都造成」——祂僅以說話就顯明了祂的大能，它們便立刻存在。參比較詩篇 33:6；詩篇 33:9 的註釋。
英文原文
Let them praise the name of the Lord - That is, Let them praise Yahweh himself - the name being often put for the person or thing referred to.
For he commanded, and they were created - He showed his great power by merely speaking, and they came at once into being. Compare Psalm 33:6, note; Psalm 33:9, note.
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Psalm 148:6
繁體中文
「他將這些立定，直到永永遠遠」——祂使它們堅固、穩定、持久。它們可能存到永遠；至於它們不會永存，無人能證明。物質一旦受造，並沒有必然衰殘或歸於湮滅的傾向；那已經存留了無數百萬世紀的宇宙——眾星、眾日、眾天體系統——也可以繼續存在至將來任何數目的百萬世代。然而，這一切當然都倚靠神的旨意。關於這話的意思，比較 Psalm 119:90 的註釋；Psalm 72:5 的註釋；Psalm 89:2 的註釋；Psalm 89:36-37 的註釋。另見 2 Peter 3:7 的註釋；2 Peter 3:10 的註釋；2 Peter 3:13 的註釋。
「他定了命，不能廢去」——祂賜下了一條它們不能越過的律法或定例。這裏譯作「命」的字，似乎是用於界限或邊界的意思；其意是：祂以固定的律法約束它們；祂設立了它們必須遵守的法則。事實上，就它們而論，祂設立了偉大的定律——如萬有引力定律——使它們不致飛散；祂劃定了它們運行的軌道；祂如此捆綁它們，使它們在祂所指定的路徑上，分毫不差地運行。它們的運行如此精確，以致可以準確無誤地預測；又如此恆定，任何世代的更迭都不能改變或影響它們。
英文原文
He hath also stablished them forever and ever - He has made them firm, stable, enduring. That they may be eternal is possible; that they will not be, no one can prove. Matter, when created, has no necessary tendency to decay or annihilation; and the universe - the stars, and suns, and systems - which have endured so many million of ages may continue to exist any number of million of ages to come. Of course, however, all this is dependent on the will of God. On the meaning of this passage, compare Psalm 119:90, note; Psalm 72:5, note; Psalm 89:2, note; Psalm 89:36-37, note. See also 2 Peter 3:7, note; 2 Peter 3:10, note; 2 Peter 3:13, note.
He hath made a decree which shall not pass - He has given a law or statute which they cannot pass. The word rendered decree here seems to be used in the sense of limit or bound; and the idea is, that he has bound them by a fixed law; he has established laws which they are compelled to observe. The fact is, in regard to them, that he has established great laws - as the law of gravitation - by which they are held from flying off; he has marked out orbits in which they move; he has so bound them that they perform their revolutions with unerring accuracy in the very path which he has prescribed. So accurate are their movements that they can be predicted with exact precision; and so uniform, that any succession of ages does not vary or affect them.
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Psalm 148:7
繁體中文
所有在地上的——意指從住在地上的一切之中發出讚美。就屬地之物而言，願這些也一同聯合讚美神。
大魚——關於這詞的意義，見 Psalm 91:13 註釋；Isaiah 13:22 註釋。這詞可指大魚、鯨魚、海中的怪獸，或蛇。這裏似乎是指鯨魚與海中的怪獸。見 Revelation 12:3 的註釋。
和一切深淵——指海深處的一切。不僅是「大魚」或海中的怪獸，而是棲息於海洋中的一切。
Psalm 148:7-12.（可比較 1 Chronicles 16:31; Habakkuk 3:10-11.）
利巴嫩的香柏樹——（見 Isaiah 10:34 註釋。）利巴嫩的香柏樹是著名的建築用木；巴比倫王很可能曾從那山取得木料，用以建造他在巴比倫的宮殿。如今這些樹木被描繪為因他的傾倒而歡喜，因為它們從此可以安然無擾。類似的修辭見於維吉爾（Virgil）《牧歌》（"Ecl." v. 68）：
「平安啊，平安啊，溫和的達夫尼斯所愛；以歡欣的高呼， 未耕的山巒擊響迴盪長空， 岩石與塔樓將凱旋傳遍四方—— 『他是神！墨納爾卡斯啊！達夫尼斯是神！』」 ——蘭厄姆（Wrangham）
這是一個優美的修辭，也是希伯來詩歌的傑出範例——萬物都被賦予生氣，滿有生命。
自從你僕倒——意指自從你死了。
再無人上來砍伐我們——意指再沒有人來砍伐我們。喬伊特（Jowett）在《Christian Researches》中記述他遊覽利巴嫩時對這段經文的觀察：「我們穿行在位於 Deir-el-Karat 與 Ainep 之間那片廣闊的冷杉林時，遠遠便已聽見孤零零一把斧頭的聲音，從這山傳響到那山。到了那裏，我們看見一個農夫，他的勞作已頗有成果，砍倒了他的樹，並砍去了枝子。他當時正在樹的中間劈砍，好把兩半均衡地馱在旁邊耐心等候負重的駱駝上。在推羅王希蘭的日子，以及後來巴比倫諸王在位時，這片詩意盎然的幽寂並不安寧；以賽亞那極富詩意的筆觸，使這些樹木開聲、因那毀滅列國者的傾覆而歡騰，如今幾乎再度應驗——『利巴嫩的松樹都因你歡樂，利巴嫩的香柏樹說：自從你僕倒，再無人上來砍伐我們。』」
英文原文
Praise the Lord from the earth - From among those who dwell on the earth. In respect to terrestrial objects, let these also unite in the praise of God.
Ye dragons - On the meaning of this word, see Psalm 91:13, note; Isaiah 13:22, note. The word may mean a great fish, a whale, a sea monster, or a serpent. It would seem to refer here to whales and sea monsters. See the notes at Revelation 12:3.
And all deeps - All that are in the depths of the sea. Not merely the "dragons" or sea monsters, but all that inhabit the oceans.
Psalm 148:7-12.(Compare 1 Chronicles 16:31; Habakkuk 3:10-11.)
The cedars of Lebanon - (note, Isaiah 10:34). The cedars of Lebanon were much celebrated for building; and it is not impossible that the king of Babylon had obtained timber from that mountain with which to construct his palaces at Babylon. They are now represented as rejoicing that he is fallen, since they would be safe and undisturbed. A similar figure of speech occurs in Virgil, "Ecl." v. 68:
Peace, peace, mild Daphnis loves; with joyous cry.
The untill'd mountains strike the echoing sky;
And rocks and towers the triumph spread abroad -
'A god! Menalcas! Daphnis is a god!'
Wrangham
It is a beautiful figure; and is a fine specimen of the poetry of the Hebrews, where everything is animated, and full of life.
Since thou art laid down - Since thou art dead.
No feller - No one to cut us down. Jowett ("Chris. Res.") makes the following remarks on this passage on his visit to Lebanon: 'As we passed through the extensive forest of fir trees situated between Deir-el-Karat and Ainep, we had already heard, at some distance, the stroke of one solitary axe, resounding from hill to hill. On reaching the spot, we found a peasant, whose labor had been so far successful, that he had felled his tree and lopped his branches. He was now hewing it in the middle, so as to balance the two halves upon his camel, which stood patiently by him waiting for his load. In the days of Hiram, king of Tyre, and subsequently under the kings of Babylon, this romantic solitude was not so peaceful; that most poetic image in Isaiah, who makes these very trees vocal, exulting in the downfall of the destroyer of nations, seems now to be almost realized anew - "Yea, the fir trees rejoice at thee, and the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down, no feller is come up against us."'
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Psalm 148:8
繁體中文
「火與冰雹」 — 即火與冰雹相伴之時，也就是閃電。見 Psalm 18:12。
「雪和霧氣」 — 即雪與雲。這些事物被聯在一起、或一併進入人心，並非不自然之事。
「狂風」 — 即暴風；風暴。
「成就他命」 — 順服他的命令；成就他的旨意。願那看似全然不受約束的狂風，藉著顯明它是何等順服他的旨意、何等準確地執行他的設計，來述說他的讚美。它完全順服他的定律——它雖看似兇猛、狂暴、不循法度，卻何等準確地執行他的計劃，又在他吩咐時止息——其實就是一種讚美或致敬的行動，因為它宣揚他的威嚴、他的至上主權和他的大能。關於這裏所表達的觀念，參 Psalm 107:29 註釋；Psalm 89:9 註釋。
英文原文
Fire, and hail - Fire, when accompanied by hail; that is, the lightning. See Psalm 18:12.
Snow, and vapors - Snow and clouds. It was not unnatural that these should be combined, or suggested together to the mind.
Stormy wind - The storm; the tempest.
Fulfilling his word - Obeying his command; accomplishing his purpose. Let the storm-wind, which seems to be so little under any control, speak his praise by showing how obedient it is to his will, and how exactly it carries out his designs. Its perfect submission to his laws - the exactness with which, though apparently so fierce, raging, and lawless, it carries out his plans, and pauses when he commands it - is in fact an act of praise or homage, as it proclaims his majesty, his supremacy, and his power. On the sentiment here expressed, compare Psalm 107:29, note; Psalm 89:9, note.
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Psalm 148:9
繁體中文
「大山和小山」——因其為地上至高之物，向着諸天昂首最高。
「果樹和一切香柏樹」——「果樹」不是與不結果子的樹相對，而是與森林之樹——即本性不結果子的樹——相對。在後者之中，香柏樹最為突出，因此被立為全體的代表。
英文原文
Mountains, and all hills - As being among the loftiest objects of earth, raising their heads highest toward the heavens.
Fruitful trees, and all cedars - Fruitful trees, not as distinguished from those which are barren, but as distinguished from forest-trees, those whose nature is that they do not bear fruit. Of the latter, the cedar was the most prominent, and, therefore, is made the representative of the whole.
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Psalm 148:10
繁體中文
「野獸和一切牲畜」——即野獸與馴畜；那些在林間漫游的，和那些被馴養為人服役的。正如「結果的樹木和一切香柏樹」可以包括所有的樹木，這裡的「野獸和牲畜」也可以包括全部野生的與馴養的動物。
「昆蟲和飛鳥」——邊註（與希伯來文相同）作「有翅膀的鳥」。這兩類歸在一起，理由與「結果的樹木和香柏樹」、「野獸和牲畜」歸在一起相同，都是為要包括全部。這表達涵蓋了至高與至低的：那些遠翔於地上高處的，與那些在地上爬行的。譯作「昆蟲」（creeping things）的字，本義包括在地上爬行的小動物：無論是有四足或多足的，如老鼠、蜥蜴、螃蟹等，還是沒有腳、在地上滑行或拖行的，如蟲與蛇（見 Gesenius, Lexicon）。這些受造之物雖處卑微之境，也以它們謙卑的方式蒙召，在普世的讚美合唱中同來頌讚。它們既成就了受造的目的，就必與至高的受造之物一同宣揚神的智慧、能力和良善。
英文原文
Beasts, and all cattle - Wild beasts and tame; those which roam the forest, and those which have been domesticated for the service of man. As fruitful trees and cedars might include all the trees, so the "beasts and cattle" here might include the whole of those that were wild and tamed.
Creeping things, and flying fowl - Margin, as in Hebrew, Birds of wing. These are grouped together for a reason similar to that for which fruitful trees and cedars, and beasts and cattle, are grouped together, to embrace the whole. The expression embraces the loftiest and lowest; those which ascend farthest above the earth, and those which creep upon its surface. The word rendered creeping things would properly embrace the smaller animals which creep along upon the ground; both those which have four feet or more, as mice, lizards, crabs, etc., and those without feet, which glide or drag themselves upon the ground, as worms and serpents. (Gesenius, Lexicon) These, in their lowly condition, and in their humble way, are called on to unite in the general chorus of praise. Accomplishing the purpose for which they are made, they will, with the most lofty of created beings, contribute to proclaim the wisdom, the power, and the goodness of God.
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Psalm 148:11
繁體中文
「世上的君王和萬民」——這句話包括了所有人，因為在掌權者與受治者這觀念裡，所有人都包含在內。
「王子和世上的審判官」——指身居尊位的人；身負大權的人。就其本身而論，這是合宜的，因為他們與其他的人一樣是人；作為其餘眾人的榜樣，這也是合宜的。任何階層的人都免除不了讚美神的義務，也沒有任何人被排除在這特權之外。
英文原文
Kings of the earth, and all people - This would embrace all, as all are included in the idea of the rulers and the ruled.
Princes, and all judges of the earth - Those of exalted rank; those high in authority. This is proper in itself considered, as they are people like other people; and proper as an example to the rest. None of any rank are exempt from the obligation to praise God; none are cut off from the privilege.
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Psalm 148:12
繁體中文
少年人和處女——他們正處人生的清晨，剛踏上人生的路程，正在塑造自己的品格；他們有熱忱、有活力、有開朗、有盼望；願他們把這一切都奉獻給神；願他們情感中的蓬勃朝氣、聲音中的優美旋律、他們的熱忱與精力，全都用來讚美和事奉神。
老年人和孩童——老年人以他們餘下的年日，孩童以他們所有的歡樂——願大家同心讚美神。臨近終點的人生、剛剛開始的人生——願這一切都歸給神。
英文原文
Both young men, and maidens - Those in the morning of life, just entering on their career; just forming their character: with ardor, elasticity, cheerfulness, hope; let them consecrate all this to God: let all that there is in the buoyancy of their feelings, in the melody of their voices, in their ardor and vigor, be employed in the praise and the service of God.
Old men, and children - Old men, with what remains of life, and children, with all that there is of joyousness - let all unite in praising God. Life, as it closes - life, as it begins - let it all be devoted to God.
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Psalm 148:13
繁體中文
「願這些都讚美耶和華的名」——即願他們讚美耶和華——名字常用來指那位本身。
「因為獨有他的名被尊崇」——邊註照希伯來文作「高超」。惟有他以神的身份被尊崇。見 Psalm 8:1 的註釋：「耶和華─我們的主啊，你的名在全地何其美！」
「他的榮耀在天地之上」——比較 Psalm 113:4 的註釋：「耶和華超乎萬民之上；他的榮耀高過諸天。」並見 Psalm 8:1 的註釋：「你將你的榮耀彰顯於天。」
英文原文
Let them praise the name of the Lord - Let them praise Yahweh - the name being often put for the person.
For his name alone is excellent - Margin, as in Hebrew, exalted. He only is exalted as God. See the notes at Psalm 8:1 : "O Lord, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!"
His glory is above the earth and heaven - Compare the notes at Psalm 113:4 : "The Lord is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens." See also the notes at Psalm 8:1 : "Who hast set thy glory above the heavens."
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Psalm 148:14
繁體中文
「他將他百姓的角高舉」——祂賜他們能力與昌盛。見 Psalm 89:17 的註釋：「因為你喜悅我們，我們的角必被高舉。」比較 Psalm 92:10；Psalm 112:9。
「他一切聖民……都讚美他」——即「祂為祂一切的聖民興起了讚美」；或說，祂給了他們讚美的緣由。祂以特殊的恩惠如此賜福他們，以致讚美於他們尤為合宜。
「就是與他相近的百姓」——就是那些蒙祂准許、以朋友身份進到祂面前的人；那些被祂看為屬祂自己的人。見 Ephesians 2:13 的註釋；並比較 Acts 2:39 的註釋。
「你們要讚美耶和華」——哈利路亞。願萬有都聯合起來讚美祂。
英文原文
He also exalteth the horn of his people - He gives them power and prosperity. See the notes at Psalm 89:17 : "And in thy favor our horn shall be exalted." Compare Psalm 92:10; Psalm 112:9.
The praise of all his saints - That is, "he has raised up praise for all his saints;" or, has given them occasion for praise. He has so blessed them with special mercies as to make praise especially appropriate for them.
Even of the children of Israel, a people near unto him - whom he admits to his presence as his friends; whom he regards as his own. See the notes at Ephesians 2:13; compare the notes at Acts 2:39.
Praise ye the Lord - Hallelu-jah. Let all unite in his praise.
本詩的作者不詳。其寫作場合大概與前兩篇和後兩篇詩相同——每篇都以哈利路亞開始並結束。那場合，如前所述，極可能是被擄之後耶路撒冷的重建和聖殿的奉獻。
本詩總體上是一篇向宇宙萬有發出的、呼召他們讚美耶和華的詩。它恰當地分為兩段。第一段（Psalm 148:1-6），呼召是向諸天——向地上一切之上的萬有——發出的，要他們讚美耶和華；第二段（Psalm 148:7-14），呼召是向地上一切居民發出的，要他們一同獻上這讚美。本詩極其生動而誇勝。其言語與情感相稱。它適合最激勵人心、振奮靈魂的音樂；而這幾篇詩——本篇與前兩篇和後兩篇——無論在文體、情感、詩歌之美、崇高、以及使人心充滿高尚情感的可適性上，都極其適合為整部選集——整卷詩篇——作結。對本詩情感的解釋，所需的、或能加添的都不多。