서론
Psalm 150 Introduction
繁體中文
英文原文
This beautiful and animated psalm closes the series of the Hallelujah Psalms Ps. 146-150, and appropriately also closes the entire volume. Its author is unknown, but in respect to the object for which it was composed there can be no uncertainty. It was manifestly designed, whoever wrote it, to occupy the very place which it does occupy - to complete the volume devoted to praise. Praise is the suitable ending of the book; praise is what the Spirit of inspiration meant to secure in the heart and on the lips. In the review of the whole there is occasion for praise. In view of all that has been disclosed about God, about his religion, about the manifestations of his mercy and grace to his people, there is occasion for praise. After all that has been experienced, observed, and recorded in this book - all of trial, sorrow, temptation, conflict, disappointment, sickness, bereavement, persecution, war, captivity, bondage, exile, tears, pain, darkness, trouble - there is, as the result of the whole, as there will be at the end of our own troubled and chequered lives, occasion for exultation, praise, triumph - songs, rejoicings, raptures, hallelujahs. This psalm, then, made up wholly of expressions of gratitude and praise, is an appropriate close to the entire Book of Psalms. So may our lives close, when its varied scenes are over, with thanksgivings and praises, as a proper expression in view of the past, and as emblematic of the uninterrupted employment that awaits us in the heavens.
1
Psalm 150:1
繁體中文
「你們要讚美耶和華」——參見 Psalm 146:1 的註釋。
「在神的聖所讚美他」——祂的聖潔之所；祂居住的地方。這裏所暗指的，大概是聖殿，即祂在地上居住之處。
「在他顯能力的穹蒼讚美他」——整個說法等同於地與天：在地上讚美祂；在天上讚美祂。譯作 firmament（穹蒼）的字，與 Genesis 1:6 所用的相同。它本義是指一片廣闊之物——一件鋪展開來的東西。這字所源自的動詞意為「擊打」；繼而指「捶薄」——即如捶打金子那樣，藉捶打而展開；再引申為單純的「鋪展、擴張」。試參 Psalm 136:6；Isaiah 42:5；Isaiah 44:24。在敘利亞文中，這字意為「使堅固」；但這觀念未必存在於希伯來字之中。把 firmament 當作某種堅實之物的觀念，是從七十士譯本而來的——在 Genesis 1:6 為 στερέωμα stereōma——在此處為 ἐν στερεώματι en stereōmati。然而，希伯來文僅僅意指「一片廣闊之物」——某件鋪展開來的東西，正如諸天在我們看來是「被張開」的一樣；這裏的呼召，是要那廣闊之天以上的一切居民——在天上的——與地上的人聯合起來讚美祂。它之所以稱為「他能力的穹蒼」，是因為神的能力似乎主要彰顯在諸天之中——在太陽、月亮、星辰之中。
英文原文
Praise ye the Lord - See the notes at Psalm 146:1.
Praise God in his sanctuary - His holy place; the place where he dwells. The allusion here is, probably, to the temple, the place of his abode on earth.
Praise him in the firmament of his power - The whole expression is equivalent to earth and heaven; Praise him on earth; praise him in heaven. The word rendered firmament is the same which is used in Genesis 1:6. It properly means an expanse - a thing spread out. The verb from which the word is derived means to beat; then, to beat out - that is, to spread out by beating, as gold is; and then, simply to spread out, to expand. Compare Psalm 136:6; Isaiah 42:5; Isaiah 44:24. In Syriac the word means to make firm; but this idea is not necessarily in the Hebrew word. The idea of a firmament as something firm is derived from the Septuagint - in Genesis 1:6, στερέωμα stereōma - in this place, ἐν στερεώματι en stereōmati. The Hebrew, however, merely means "an expanse" - something spread out, as the heavens seem to us to be "stretched out;" and the call here is on all that dwell above that expanse - in heaven - to unite with those on earth in his praise. It is called "the expanse of his power" because it is in the heavens - in the sun, the moon, the stars - that the power of God seems to be principally displayed.
2
Psalm 150:2
繁體中文
「要因他大能的作為讚美他」——試參 Psalm 145:4 的註釋：「這代要對那代頌讚你的作為，也要傳揚你的大能。」希伯來文用的是同一個字。所指的是彰顯神大能的事；顯明祂全能的種種。
「按著他極美的大德讚美他」——希伯來文作「他偉大之多」。願頌讚在崇高的程度上與此相稱；願它合宜地表達這一點；願凡有助於使人認識這事的、或與此相稱的，都一概用上。因此，詩人接著呼籲眾人使用一切，憑樂器與歌聲，以任何方式述說對神的頌讚。
英文原文
Praise him for his mighty acts - See the notes at Psalm 145:4 : "One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall declare thy mighty acts." The Hebrew word is the same. The reference is to that which displays the power of God; the things which manifest his omnipotence.
Praise him according to his excellent greatness - Hebrew, the multitude of his greatness. Let the praise in elevation correspond with this; let it be such as shall properly express this; let all be employed that will contribute to make this known, or that will be appropriate to this. Hence, the psalmist proceeds to call on all to make use of everything, by instrument and voice, that would in any manner set forth the praise of God.
3
Psalm 150:3
繁體中文
「要用角聲讚美他」——頁邊註作「號角」（cornet）。本節與隨後數節暗指希伯來敬拜中慣常使用的樂器。其意乃是：這一切——凡能恰當表達讚美的——都當用來頌讚神。每一件樂器發出各自獨特的音色，全體和諧地合在一起，都當用於這一目的。這些樂器中的大多數，連同更多其他的，如今都結合於管風琴之中；各種樂器不再由個別的演奏者分別演奏，而是如此聯合，得以從同一來源——風箱——供風，由一位演奏者統一彈奏。如此，由一個心思指揮整個演奏，若技巧純熟，便能確保完全的統一與和諧。這種樂器是希伯來人所不知道的。在他們中間，每件樂器各有自己的演奏者。號角主要用來召集百姓，但在聖殿中演奏的樂師班所用的樂器之中，它也是重要的一件，正如它的音調如今在管風琴中也是重要的音調一樣。
「鼓瑟彈琴讚美他」——希伯來文即נבל nebel and כנור kinnôr。這兩種樂器的描述見 Isaiah 5:12 的註釋。此處譯作 psaltery 的字，在那裏則譯作 viol——即那處譯文所稱的「豎琴」（harp）與「琴」（viol）等語。
英文原文
Praise him with the sound of the trumpet - Margin, cornet. In this verse and the verses following there is an allusion to the instruments of music which were commonly employed in Hebrew worship. The idea is, that all these - all that could properly express praise - should be used to celebrate the praises of God. Each one, with its own distinct note, and all combined in harmony, should be employed for this purpose. Most of these instruments, and many more, are now combined in the organ, where the instruments, instead of being played on by separate performers, are so united that they can be supplied with wind from one source - the bellows - and all played by one performer. Thus one mind directs the performance, securing, if skillfully done, perfect unity and harmony. This instrument was unknown to the Hebrews. Among them, each instrument had its own performer. The trumpet was principally used to call the people together, but it was also an important instrument among those used by the bands of musicians that performed in the temple, as its tones are now important ones in the organ.
Praise him with the psaltery and harp - Hebrew, the נבל nebel and כנור kinnôr. See these instruments described in the notes at Isaiah 5:12. The word here rendered psaltery is there rendered viol - "And the harp and the viol," etc.
4
Psalm 150:4
繁體中文
「擊鼓讚美他」——希伯來文是 תף tôph。其描述見 Isaiah 5:12 的註釋。這字在 Genesis 31:27；1 Samuel 10:5；1 Samuel 18:6；Isaiah 5:12；Isaiah 24:8；Isaiah 30:32；Jeremiah 31:4；Ezekiel 28:13 譯作 tabret（鼓）；在 Exodus 15:20；Judges 11:34；2 Samuel 6:5；1 Chronicles 13:8；Job 21:12；Psalm 81:2；Psalm 149:3，以及 Jeremiah 31:4 的邊註中，譯作 timbrel（手鼓）。這字不見於其他地方。它是一種用手擊打的樂器。
「跳舞」——這字的解釋見 Psalm 149:3 的註釋。希伯來人的跳舞，似乎伴有鼓或手鼓。見 Exodus 15:20。
「用絲弦的樂器」——希伯來文 מנים minniym。這字意為「弦」，出自一個意為「分割」的動詞；其本義當指細線，彷彿被分開、或弄得細小一般。這字未見於其他地方用於樂器，但可以恰當地應用於豎琴、提琴、低音提琴等。「弦」的觀念確實在別處用於樂器（Psalm 33:2；Psalm 144:9；1 Samuel 18:16；Isaiah 38:20；Habakkuk 3:19），但希伯來文用的是另一個字。這類樂器在讚美神時常被使用。見 Psalm 33:2 的註釋。
「和簫的聲音」——希伯來文 עוגב ‛ûgâb。這字的解釋見 Job 21:12 的註釋。它另見於 Genesis 4:21；Job 21:12；Job 30:31；在那些地方欽定本都譯作 organ（和合本作「簫」）。這字出自一個意為呼吸、吹氣的動詞；可適用於任何管樂器。它在此處代表整類的管樂器。Organ 一詞本是希臘文，見於此處的七十士譯本；organ 這個詞便是這樣進入我們的譯本的。這希臘文字的本義是：
（a）藉之完成工作的東西，如機器；
（b）樂器；
（c）製造任何物品的材料；
（d）工作本身。（Passow，《詞典》）
我們的「風琴」（organ）一詞用於音樂時，叫人想到多種樂器或聲音的組合。這觀念並不見於希伯來文字；它僅指一件管樂器。希伯來人和任何古代民族，都沒有一種樂器與我們今日所稱的風琴相當。
英文原文
Praise him with the timbrel - Hebrew, תף tôph. See this described in the notes at Isaiah 5:12. It is rendered tabret and tabrets in Genesis 31:27; 1 Samuel 10:5; 1 Samuel 18:6; Isaiah 5:12; Isaiah 24:8; Isaiah 30:32; Jeremiah 31:4; Ezekiel 28:13; timbrel and timbrels in Exodus 15:20; Judges 11:34; 2 Samuel 6:5; 1 Chronicles 13:8; Job 21:12; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 149:3; and in the margin in Jeremiah 31:4. The word does not occur elsewhere. It was an instrument that was struck with the hands.
And dance - See this word explained in the notes at Psalm 149:3. Dancing among the Hebrews seems to have accompanied the timbrel or tabret. See Exodus 15:20,
Praise him with stringed instruments - מנים minniym. This word means strings, from a verb which means to divide; and the proper reference would be to slender threads, as if they were divided, or made small. It is nowhere else applied to instruments of music, but might be properly applied to a harp, a violin, a bass-viol, etc. The word strings is indeed applied elsewhere to instruments of music Psalm 33:2; Psalm 144:9; 1 Samuel 18:16; Isaiah 38:20; Habakkuk 3:19, but the Hebrew word is different. Such instruments were commonly used in the praise of God. See the notes at Psalm 33:2.
And organs - Hebrew, עוגב ‛ûgâb. See this word explained in the notes at Job 21:12. It occurs elsewhere only in Genesis 4:21; Job 21:12; Job 30:31; in all of which places it is rendered organ. The word is derived from a verb meaning to breathe, to blow; and would be applicable to any wind-instrument. It here represents the whole class of wind-instruments. The word organ is a Greek word, and is found in the Septuagint in this place; and hence, our word organ has been introduced into the translation. The Greek word properly denotes
(a) something by which work is accomplished, as a machine;
(b) a musical instrument;
(c) the material from which anything is made;
(d) the work itself. (Passow, Lexicon).
Our word organ, as used in music, suggests the idea of a combination of instruments or sounds. That idea is not found in the Hebrew word. It denotes merely a wind-instrument. Neither the Hebrews nor any of the ancient nations had an instrument that corresponded with the organ as we now use the term.
5
Psalm 150:5
繁體中文
「用大響的鈸讚美他」——按字面是「聲音之鈸」或「可聽之鈸」。即願喜樂以可聞之聲表達。這裏暗指一件與其他樂器合奏時最清晰可聞的樂器。鈸聲伴着上文所述其他樂器時，必最分明可辨，正如今日的鈸聲或「三角鐵」一樣。譯作「鈸」的希伯來文字，指金屬或兵器所發的叮噹、鏗鏘、鳴響之聲；繼而指翅膀的颯颯聲（比較 Isaiah 18:1 的註釋）；再指任何叮噹作響的器物，如魚叉或魚鏢；然後指鈸，即樂器。今日所用的鈸，是圓盤形的銅製樂器，兩片相擊，發出清脆鳴響之聲（Webster）。這裏所指顯然就是這類樂器。這字在聖經中僅見於以下各處：Deuteronomy 28:42，譯作「螞蚱」；2 Samuel 6:5，如這裏譯作「鈸」；Job 41:7，譯作「魚叉」；Isaiah 18:1，欽定本譯作 "shadowing"（蔭蔽）一類的詞。
「用高聲的鈸讚美他」——即歡呼之聲的鈸。關於譯作「高聲」的字 teruah，參 Psalm 89:16 的註釋。這裏的觀念，是如迎接得勝者時那種宏亮高亢的聲音或歡呼；其義是：對神的讚美，當以最能表達喜樂與誇勝的方式頌揚。
英文原文
Praise him upon the loud cymbals - literally, "the cymbals of sound" or hearing. That is, Let there be audibly expressed joy. The allusion here is to an instrument of music that was most distinctly heard in union with other instruments. The sound of the cymbal would be most clearly audible in its accompaniment of the other instruments referred to, as the sound of cymbals, or as the "triangle" would be now. The Hebrew word rendered cymbal means a tinkling, clanging, ringing, as of metal, or of arms; then, a whirring, as of wings (compare the notes at Isaiah 18:1); then, any tinkling or clanging instrument, as a fish-spear or harpoon; then, cymbals, instruments of music. The cymbal, as now used, is an instrument of brass, in a circular form, like a dish, producing, when two are struck gether, a sharp, ringing sound - Webster. An instrument of this kind is evidently referred to here. The word occurs in the Bible in the following places only: Deuteronomy 28:42, rendered locust; 2 Samuel 6:5, rendered, as here, cymbal; Job 41:7, rendered fish-spears; and Isaiah 18:1, rendered shadowing with.
Praise him upon the high-sounding cymbals - The cymbals of joyful voice. On the word teruah, rendered high, see the notes at Psalm 89:16. A loud, lofty sound or shout, as on the reception of a conqueror, is the idea here; and the sense is, that the praise of God was to be celebrated with that which would in the highest sense express joy and triumph.
6
Psalm 150:6
繁體中文
「凡有氣息的都要讚美耶和華」——空中、地上、水裏的一切活物。願有普天同發的讚美。願祂的頌讚不僅以樂器奏出，更願一切活物聯合在這頌讚之中；願這有呼吸的宇宙聯合成一場莊嚴的頌讚事奉。
「你們要讚美耶和華」——哈利路亞。這樣，在本書所記載的一切試煉、爭戰、逼迫、憂傷、喜樂的末了，詩篇作者發出喜樂、誇勝、狂喜、歡欣的情感；照樣，在一切的終局——當今世的事務終結之時——當教會經過了一切的試煉、忍受了一切的逼迫、受完了它命定要受的一切苦難——當救贖之工完成、主所救贖的人都從罪中被收回、都得著拯救之時——那教會、整個天堂、整個宇宙，必爆發出一聲洪亮、悠長、誇勝的哈利路亞。「耶和華救贖的民必歸回，歌唱來到錫安；永樂必歸到他們的頭上；他們必得著歡喜快樂，憂愁歎息盡都逃避」，Isaiah 35:10。
英文原文
Let everything that hath breath praise the Lord - All living things in the air, the earth, the waters. Let there be one universal burst of praise. Let his praises be celebrated not only with instruments of music, but let all living beings unite in that praise; let a breathing universe combine in one solemn service of praise.
Praise ye the Lord - Hallelu-jah. Thus, at the end of all the trials, the conflicts, the persecutions, the sorrows, the joys recorded in this book, the psalmist gives utterance to feelings of joy, triumph, transport, rejoicing; and thus at the end of all - when the affairs of this world shall be closed - when the church shall have passed through all its trials, shall have borne all its persecutions, shall have suffered all that it is appointed to suffer - when the work of redemption shall be complete, and all the ransomed of the Lord shall have been recovered from sin, and shall be saved - that church, all heaven, the whole universe, shall break forth in one loud, long, triumphant Hallelujah. "The ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs, and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness; and sorrow and sighing shall flee away," Isaiah 35:10.
這篇優美而生氣洋溢的詩，結束了哈利路亞詩（讚美詩）Ps. 146-150 這一系列，也合宜地結束了整卷書。其作者不詳，但它寫作的目的卻無可疑。無論作者是誰，它顯然正是為佔有它現今所佔的位置而寫——為完成這獻給讚美的書卷。讚美是本書合宜的結束；讚美是那默示之靈要在人心中、嘴唇上促成的。在回顧全書之時，就有讚美的緣由。鑒於書中關於神、關於他的宗教、關於他向他百姓顯明之憐憫與恩典的一切啟示，就有讚美的緣由。在這書中所經歷、觀察、記載的一切之後——一切的試煉、憂傷、試探、爭戰、失望、疾病、喪親、逼迫、戰爭、被擄、奴役、流亡、眼淚、疼痛、黑暗、患難——作為全書的總結，正如我們自己多難而起伏的一生結束之時也必如此，就有了歡騰、讚美、誇勝的緣由——有了歌聲、喜樂、狂喜、哈利路亞。因此，這篇完全由感恩與讚美的言語構成的詩，是整卷詩篇合宜的終結。願我們的一生也如此結束：當它多變的場景過去之後，以感恩和讚美作結，作為對往昔合宜的表達，也作為那在天上等候我們、永不間斷之職事的預表。