서론
Psalm 59 Introduction
繁體中文
英文原文
The general title to this psalm is the same as in the two preceding psalms. That it was written by David, as is affirmed in the title, there is every reason to believe. The "occasion" on which it is said to have been composed was "when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him." This incident is related in 1 Samuel 19:11 : "Saul also sent messengers unto David's house to watch him, and to slay him in the morning." There is nothing in the psalm inconsistent with this statement in regard to the time and the occasion of its composition, unless it is in the word "heathen" - גוים gôyim - twice used Psalm 59:5, Psalm 59:8 - a term, which (DeWette maintains) belongs properly to people of a foreign nation, and a foreign religion. It is true, however, that while the word originally had this meaning, it came to be used to denote any people or persons who had the general character and spirit which was supposed to distinguish nations without the knowledge of the true God; those who were cruel, harsh, unfeeling, oppressive, savage. Psalm 2:1, Psalm 2:8; Psalm 9:5, Psalm 9:15, Psalm 9:19-20; Psalm 10:16; Psalm 79:6, Psalm 79:10; Psalm 106:47, et al. In this sense it might be used here, without impropriety, as applicable to the enemies of David.
At what precise "time" the psalm was composed, it is, of course, impossible now to ascertain. All that is determined by the title is that it was on that occasion, or with reference to that event; but whether it was at the very time when those enemies were known to be watching the house, or whether it was in view of that scene as recollected afterward, recalling the feelings which then passed through his mind, cannot now be determined with certainty. That David was aware that his enemies were thus watching him is apparent from 1 Samuel 19:11; that such thoughts as are recorded in the psalm passed through his mind in that time of danger is not improbable, but it can hardly be supposed that such an occasion would allow of the leisure necessary to express them in the form in which we now have them in the psalm. The probability, therefore, seems to be, that the psalm is a subsequent composition, recording the thoughts which then actually passed through his mind.
The psalm has no very regular order. The mind passes from one thing to another - now uttering fervent prayer; now describing the enemy - his character and plans; and now expressing the confident hope of deliverance, and the purpose to praise God. Indeed the very structure of the psalm seems to me to furnish evidence that it describes feelings which "would" pass through the mind on such an occasion. Thus we have in Psalm 59:1-2, Psalm 59:5,Psalm 59:11-15, "prayer" for deliverance; in Psalm 59:3-4, Psalm 59:6,Psalm 59:12, intermingled with these prayers, a description of the character and designs of these enemies; and in Psalm 59:8-9, Psalm 59:16-17, an expression of confident hope - a purpose to praise God, for deliverance and mercy. All this is indicative of such feelings as "might," and probably "would," pass through the mind in such a time of peril as that referred to in the title.
On the different phrases in the title, see Introductions to Psalm 4; 47; 16.
1
Psalm 59:1
繁體中文
「我的神啊，求你救我脫離仇敵」——參見 Psalm 18:48 的註釋。這禱告是在掃羅所差遣的人窺探、包圍大衛房屋時獻上的。他們前來要捉拿他，而且可以推定，他們來的人數與勢力足以成就其目的。他們的意圖不是夜裏闖入襲擊他，而是伺機在他早晨出來時殺他，1 Samuel 19:11；他似乎無路可逃。他們的到來與他們的圖謀，掃羅的女兒、大衛的妻子米甲似乎已獲告知——或許是藉她父家的人通知的。她將這安排告訴大衛，並向他保證：他若不在夜間逃走，早晨必被殺死。於是她將他從窗戶縋下去，他就逃脫了，1 Samuel 19:12。他就是這樣實際蒙了拯救；他的禱告就是這樣蒙了應允。一位忠誠的妻子救了他。
「得脫那些起來攻擊我的人」——欽定本旁註照希伯來文作「將我置於高處」。其觀念是：彷彿把他安置在一座塔上，或一處無法接近的高地上。這些是慣常的避難或防衛之處。參見 Psalm 18:2 的註釋。
英文原文
Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God - See the notes at Psalm 18:48. This prayer was offered when the spies sent by Saul surrounded the house of David. They had come to apprehend him, and it is to be presumed that they had come in sufficient numbers, and with sufficient power, to effect their object. Their purpose was not to break in upon him in the night, but to watch their opportunity, when he went forth in the morning, to slay him 1 Samuel 19:11, and there seemed no way for him to escape. Of their coming, and of their design, Michal, the daughter of Saul, and the wife of David, seems to have been apprised - perhaps by someone of her father's family. She informed David of the arrangement, and assured him that unless he should escape in the night, he would be put to death in the morning. She, therefore, let him down through a window, and he escaped, 1 Samuel 19:12. It was in this way that he was in fact delivered; in this way that his prayer was answered. A faithful wife saved him.
Defend me from them that rise up against me - Margin, as in Hebrew, "Set me on high." The idea is that of placing him, as it were, on a tower, or on an eminence which would be inaccessible. These were common places of refuge or defense. See the notes at Psalm 18:2.
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Psalm 59:2
繁體中文
「求你救我脫離作孽的人」——此處所指的作孽之人，是掃羅以及那些受他僱用、去執行其殺人意圖的人——即那些被打發來殺他的人。
「和喜好殺人流血的人」——希伯來原文作「血之人」；就是說，以殺戮為業的人；想要流我血、或想要我性命的人。參見 Psalm 5:6、Psalm 26:9、Psalm 55:23 的註釋。
英文原文
Deliver me from the workers of iniquity - The workers of iniquity here referred to were Saul and those whom he employed to carry out his murderous purpose - the people that had been sent to slay him.
And save me from bloody men - Hebrew, "Men of bloods;" that is, men whose trade is blood; who seek to shed my blood, or who seek my life. See Psalm 5:6, note; Psalm 26:9, note; Psalm 55:23, note.
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Psalm 59:3
繁體中文
「他們埋伏，要害我的性命」——他們埋伏，如野獸窺伺獵物，隨時撲擊。此處所用的字，常用來指設伏的行為；指在隱密處守候，以便撲向獵物：Judges 9:32；Judges 21:20；Psalm 10:9。此處的「性命」一詞意思是「生命」。他們埋伏，為要殺我。
「有能力的人聚集來攻擊我」——強悍的人；敵對的人；殘酷的人。掃羅在這場合所用的，不是軟弱的、怯懦的、膽怯的人，而是有勇氣有力量的人；品性上無所顧忌的人；不易被懇求打動、也不會因憐憫而回轉的人。這裏所說的不僅是「力量」，而是那種可用於孤注一擲之冒險、足以成就任何邪惡圖謀——無論多麼大膽或艱難——的力量或膽量。
「這不是為我的過犯，也不是為我的罪」——他們這樣行，不是因我干犯國法，也不是因我被指為得罪神的罪人。大衛自知不應從人手中受這樣的對待。他沒有對掃羅犯過任何當受公正刑罰的過錯。就任何能使這對待顯為正當的罪行而言，他心中懷著無虧的良心；他感到這一切全是不義之猜疑的結果。他在禱告中提及此事並非不當；因為無論他多麼自認在神面前是個罪人，他仍感到自己受了人所行的大而重的冤屈；因此他祈求公義的神介入。見 Psalm 7:8 的註釋；Psalm 17:2 的註釋；Psalm 35:24 的註釋；Psalm 43:1 的註釋。
英文原文
For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul - They lie in wait as wild beasts do for their prey, ready to spring upon it. The word used here is often employed to denote the act of lying in ambush; of watching in secret places to spring upon a victim: Judges 9:32; Judges 21:20; Psalm 10:9. The word "soul" here means "life." They lie in ambush that they may kill me.
The mighty are gathered against me - Strong men; hostile men; cruel men. Saul would employ on this occasion not the weak, the cowardly, the faint-hearted, but men of courage and strength; men who were unscrupulous in their character; men who would not be likely to be moved by entreaty, or turned from their purpose by compassion. It is not mere "strength" that is here referred to, but that kind of strength or courage which can be employed in a desperate enterprise, and which is suited to accomplish any scheme of wickedness, however daring or difficult.
Not for my transgression, nor for my sin - This is done not on account of my violating the laws of the land, nor because it is alleged that I am a sinner against God. David was conscious that he did not deserve this treatment from the hand of man. He bad been guilty of no wrong against Saul that exposed him to just punishment. He carried with him the consciousness of innocence as to any crime that could have made this treatment proper; and he felt that it was all the result of unjust suspicions. It was not improper for him to refer to this in his prayer; for, however he might feel that he was a sinner in the sight of God, yet he felt that a great and grievous wrong was done him by man; and he prayed, therefore, that a righteous God would interpose. See Psalm 7:8, note; Psalm 17:2, note; Psalm 35:24, note; Psalm 43:1, note.
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Psalm 59:4
繁體中文
「他們預備整齊，跑來攻擊我」——意即，他們「急忙」要成就這事；他們迅速順服掃羅要殺我的命令。「預備」一詞指凡被視為必要、足以使他們完成所奉命令之事的一切——武裝自己、預備旅途所需等等。
「我雖然無過」——意即，在我這方面，沒有任何當受此事之處，也沒有任何足以使掃羅和他所雇用之人企圖做的事顯為合理之處。大衛在這一切事上自知無辜。在他對掃羅的態度和一切公開的行為上，他知道自己所求的只是王的福祉，並且他一向遵守律法。
「求你興起鑒察，幫助我」——意即，「興起」，如人從睡眠中醒來一樣。見詩篇 7:6 的註釋。比較詩篇 35:23。譯作「幫助我」的詞，在邊註中作「迎接我」。這正是希伯來文的意思。這是一個禱告，求神迎接他，或說來到他那裡，幫助他。
英文原文
They run and prepare themselves - That is, they "hasten" to accomplish this; they are quick to obey the command of Saul requiring them to slay me. The word "prepare" refers to whatever was deemed necessary to enable them to accomplish what they had been commanded to do - arming themselves, making provision for their journey, etc.
Without my fault - That is, without anything on my part to deserve this, or to justify Saul and those employed by him in what they attempt to do. David, in all this, was conscious of innocence. In his own feelings toward Saul, and in all his public acts, he knew that he had sought only the king's welfare, and that he had been obedient to the laws.
Awake to help me - That is, "arouse," as one does from sleep. See the notes at Psalm 7:6. Compare Psalm 35:23. The word rendered "to help me," is rendered in the margin, "to meet me." This is the meaning of the Hebrew. It is a prayer that God would meet him, or come to him, and aid him.
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Psalm 59:5
繁體中文
「萬軍之神」——軍隊的神：統率天上萬軍——眾天使，以及列陣如軍隊的星辰與星座；你這樣滿有一切能力，能制伏一切為惡而列陣聯合的人——求你興起幫助我。關於「萬軍之神」一語的意義，參 Isaiah 1:9 的註釋。
「以色列的神」——希伯來民族的神——雅各即以色列後裔的神——你百姓的保護者——求你興起幫助我；我是這約中民族的一份子，在保護的應許之下。
「求你興起，懲治萬邦」——關於這裏譯作「邦」的字——גוים gôyim——參 Psalm 2:1 的註釋。正如本詩緒論所述，DeWette 根據這字在本節與 Psalm 59:8 的用法，推斷本詩不可能寫於標題所指的場合，並辯稱大衛不會用這詞指掃羅及其黨羽。然而，若把這詞理解為指具有異教徒慣常品格——兇殘、嗜血、野蠻、殘酷——的人，這反對便失去效力。按此意義，這詞可用於指那些尋索大衛性命的人。大衛用「列國」或「萬邦」這個常指邪惡、殘忍、苛刻之人的字眼，求神興起臨到他們；即為刑罰的緣故臨到，或以攔阻他們實現詭計的方式臨到。
「不要憐憫行詭詐的惡人」——意即按他們「身為」罪人的本相逮捕並懲罰他們。這禱告與願這些人悔改歸正、「從而」得蒙憐憫的心願並不矛盾；這是求神不容他們身為惡人逍遙法外，成就他們所圖謀的惡事。參總論第六節 (5) (e)。
「細拉」——音樂上的休止。參 Psalm 3:2 的註釋。
英文原文
Thou therefore, O Lord God of hosts - God of armies: commanding all the armies of heaven - the angels, and the stars and constellations drawn out in the form of armies; thou, thus endowed with all power, and able to subdue all people though arrayed and combined for purposes of evil - awake to my help. On the meaning of the phrase "God of hosts," see the notes at Isaiah 1:9.
The God of Israel - The God of the Hebrew people - the descendants of Jacob or Israel - the Protector of thy people - awake to help me, one of those who, being of that covenant people, come under the promise of protection.
Awake to visit all the heathen - On the word here rendered "heathen" - גוים gôyim - see the notes at Psalm 2:1. It is from the use of this word in this verse and in Psalm 59:8, as remarked in the Introduction to the psalm, that DeWette infers that the psalm could not have been composed on the occasion referred to in the title, and argues, that this term could not be applied by David to Saul and his followers. This objection, however, will lose its force if the word is understood as denoting people who had the usual character of pagans, who were fierce, bloody, savage, cruel. In this sense the word might be employed with reference to those who were engaged in seeking the life of David. David, using the common word "heathen" or "nations," as denoting those who are wicked, cruel, harsh, prays that God would awake to visit them; that is, to visit them for purposes of punishment, or so to visit them as to prevent their carrying out their designs.
Be not merciful to any tricked transgressors - That is, Arrest and punish them "as" transgressors, or "being" transgressors. This prayer is not inconsistent with a desire that such people might be converted, and "thus" obtain mercy; but it is a prayer that God would not suffer them, being wicked people, to go at large and accomplish the work of wickedness which they designed. See General Introduction Section 6. (5) (e).
Selah - A musical pause. See the notes at Psalm 3:2.
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Psalm 59:6
繁體中文
「他們晚上轉回」——許多人把這句譯作命令式，如 Psalm 59:14：「願他們晚上轉回」等。路德如此譯，DeWette 也如此。但更自然、更明顯的解釋是譯作直述句，描寫仇敵如何臨到他——如狗尋食；如兇猛的獒犬，咆哮著，隨時要撲向他。照這樣解釋的「他們晚上轉回」一語看來，他們大概是窺探時機、埋伏等候，以求成事；初次失手之後，便退去直到晚上，或許一連數日都是這樣，總不能得逞。
「叫號如狗」——正如野蠻人終日潛行匿伏，入夜便高呼戰吼，撲向獵物。這類攻擊可能確曾「嘗試」過；但更可能的是，這是描寫他們「將要」攻擊的方式，以及他們攻擊時的精神。
「圍城繞行」——聖經中「城」一字含義甚廣，常用於我們今日會稱為「村鎮」的地方。凡在大衛所寄居範圍之內的城鎮，都可以用這字稱呼。
英文原文
They return at evening - Many have rendered this in the imperative, as in Psalm 59:14, "Let them return at evening," etc. So Luther renders it, and so also DeWette. But the more natural and obvious interpretation is to render it in the indicative, as describing the manner in which his enemies came upon him - like dogs seeking their prey; fierce mastiffs, howling and ready to spring upon him. From the phrase "they return at evening," thus explained, it would seem probable that they watched their opportunity, or lay in wait, to secure their object; that having failed at first, they drew off again until evening, perhaps continuing thus for several days unable to accomplish their object.
They make a noise like a dog - So savages, after lurking stealthily all day, raise the war-whoop at night, and come upon their victims. It is possible that an assault of this kind "had" been attempted; or, more probably, it is a description of the manner in which they "would" make their assault, and of the spirit with which it would be done.
And go round about the city - The word "city" is used in a large sense in the Scriptures, and is often applied to places that we should now describe as "villages." Any town within the limits of which David was lodged, would answer to this term.
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Psalm 59:7
繁體中文
「他們口中噴吐惡言」——譯作「噴吐」的字，本義是沸溢；湧出，流出；繼而指豐富地、如流水般傾吐，如泉水的湧流。因此這字也指傾倒「言語」——滔滔不絕的言語——愚妄、辱罵、毀謗的話。Proverbs 15:2：「愚昧人的口吐出愚昧」（頁邊註：噴吐或絮叨）。Proverbs 15:28：「惡人的口吐出惡言」；即滿溢惡事，如泉水的滿溢。在這裏，這字的意思是：追索大衛性命的仇敵，如同湧泉一般傾倒出毀謗與威嚇。
「嘴裏有刀」——他們的話如同利劍。見 Psalm 57:4 的註釋。
「有誰聽見？」——即沒有聽見的人能懲罰我們。他們不懼怕人，也不敬畏神。比較 Psalm 10:11 的註釋。然而「他們說」幾字是譯者所加，原文並沒有；因此這話也「可以」理解為大衛自己的話——彷彿無人聽見一般；即：他們這樣傾倒毀謗的話，並不足怪，因為誰「會」聽而懲罰他們呢？不過前一種解釋更可取。這話表達了大衛仇敵的心態，他們肆無忌憚地口出辱罵毀謗，「彷彿」沒有人聽見。
英文原文
Behold, they belch out with their mouth - The word rendered "belch out" means properly to boil forth; to gush out, to flow; and then, to pour forth copiously, or in a running stream, as a fountain does. Hence, the word means also to pour out "words" - words that flow freely - words of folly, abuse, or reproach. Proverbs 15:2, "the mouth of fools poureth out (Margin, belcheth or babbleth) foolishness." Proverbs 15:28, "the mouth of the wicked poureth out evil things;" that is, "gushes over" with wicked things - as a fountain overflows. In this place, the word means that the enemies of David who were in pursuit of his life, poured out reproaches and threatenings like a gushing fountain.
Swords are in their lips - Their words are as sharp swords. See the notes at Psalm 57:4.
For who, say they, doth hear? - That is, no one hears who will be able to punish us. They dread no man; and they have no fear of God. Compare the notes at Psalm 10:11. The words "say they" are, however, supplied here by the translators, and are not in the original; and the language "may" be understood as that of David himself, "as if" no one heard; that is, It is no wonder that they thus pour out words of reproach, for who "is" there to hear and to punish them? The former interpretation, however, is to be preferred. The language expresses the feelings of the enemies of David, who indulged freely in language of abuse and reproach "as if" there were none to hear.
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Psalm 59:8
繁體中文
「但你－耶和華必笑話他們」 — 意即神必垂聽他們，必嗤笑他們的一切努力，就是以輕蔑待他們。見 Psalm 2:4 註釋；Psalm 37:13 註釋。
「你要笑話凡萬邦」 — 指本詩所論到的一切人——大衛的仇敵——他們具有異教徒的品格，並顯出異教徒的心態；意即顯出那些不受真宗教激勵之人的心態。見 Psalm 59:5 的註釋。本節表達大衛堅定的信念：他仇敵的一切努力終必歸於徒然；神「必定」作他的保護者；神也必救他脫離他們的惡謀。
英文原文
But thou, O Lord, shalt laugh at them - That is, God will hear them, and will have all their efforts in derision, or will treat them with contempt. See Psalm 2:4, note; Psalm 37:13, note.
Thou shalt have all the heathen in derision - All those referred to in this psalm - the enemies of David - who have the character, and who manifest the spirit of the pagan; that is, of those who are not actuated by true religion. See the notes at Psalm 59:5. This verse expresses the strong conviction of David, that all the efforts of his enemies would be vain; that God "would be" his Protector; and that he would save him from their evil designs.
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Psalm 59:9
繁體中文
「我的力量啊，我必仰望你」——直譯是「他的力量——我要仰望你」。這裏所指的不是神的能力或權柄，彷彿「他」的大能便是詩人仰望他的理由；而是指仇敵——掃羅和他的黨羽——的力量或權勢。這話語中有許多突兀之處。詩人看着仇敵的權勢。「『他的力量』，他呼喊道：這能力浩大，非我所能抵擋；它如此之大，以致我除了神以外別無避難所；正因它如此之大，我要定睛單單仰望神。」譯作「仰望」的字，毋寧是指仰望、注視、把眼睛定於其上。
「因為神是我的高臺」——邊註作「我的高處」。就是說，神之於他，「如同」高處，或避難之所；一個使他得安全的地方。見 Psalm 18:2 的註釋。
英文原文
Because of his strength will I wait upon thee - literally, "His strength - I will wait upon thee." The reference here is not to the strength or power of God, as if the fact that "He" was powerful was a reason why the psalmist should look to him - but it is to the strength or power of the enemy - of Saul and his followers. There is much abruptness in the expression. The psalmist looks at the power of his enemy. "'His strength,' he cries. It is great. It is beyond my power to resist it. It is so great that I have no other refuge but God; and because it is so great, I will fix my eyes on him alone." The word rendered "wait upon" means rather to look to; to observe; to fix the eyes upon.
For God is my defense - Margin, "My high place." That is, God was to him "as" a high place, or a place of refuge; a place where he would be safe. See the notes at Psalm 18:2.
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Psalm 59:10
繁體中文
「我的神要以慈愛迎接我」——或更恰當地說：「我的神——他的憐憫必迎接我。」這與希伯來文本現行的讀法相符，而且大概是正確的。詩人仰望神作他的神，隨即湧上心頭的感受，便是他的憐憫——恩惠——他的慈愛——「必」要「prevent」（先行迎接）他。關於「prevent」一詞，見 Psalm 21:3 的註解；參 Psalm 17:13；Psalm 18:5。這裡的意思是，神必「行在他前面」，或必「預先」供應他的需要。
「神要叫我看見我仇敵遭報」——就是說，他必使我看見他們潰敗，並看見他們的計謀落空。這就等於說，神必使他得勝，或必不容他們勝過他。見 Psalm 54:7 的註解。
英文原文
The God of my mercy shall prevent me - Or rather, "My God - his mercy shall prevent me." This is in accordance with the present reading of the Hebrew text, and is probably correct. The psalmist looks to God as his God, and then the feeling at once springs up that his mercy - favor - his loving-kindness - "would" "prevent" him. On the word "prevent" see the notes at Psalm 21:3; compare Psalm 17:13; Psalm 18:5. The meaning here is, that God would "go before him," or would "anticipate" his necessities.
God shall let me see my desire upon mine enemies - That is, He will let me see them discomfited, and disappointed in their plans. This is equivalent to saying that God would give him the victory, or would not suffer them to triumph over him. See the notes at Psalm 54:7.
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Psalm 59:11
繁體中文
「不要殺他們，恐怕我的民忘記」——這話的意思似乎是：不要一下子毀滅他們，免得他們既被除滅，百姓便忘了所發生的事，或失去他們受罰所當產生的印象。讓他們存活，讓他們如同在神不喜悅之下的被放逐者四處流離，使他們成為神的公義、罪的邪惡、干犯神律法之危險的長存而持久的明證。照樣，該隱在地上流離（Genesis 4:12-14），成了那報復殺人之公義的活明證；照樣，猶太人至今流離，成了那追隨他們棄絕彌賽亞之公義的持久例證。因此，詩人所求的，是對他仇敵所行之惡，神的義憤得著最完全的表達，好叫這有益的教訓不至很快被遺忘，而能長存持久。
「用你的能力使他們四散」——粉碎他們的結合，使他們作分散的流亡者散布四方，藉著在地上這樣流離飄蕩，在各處宣揚神的公義。
「且降為卑」——使他們降卑。使他們看見自己的軟弱。使他們知道他們沒有能力與神相爭。
「耶和華啊，你是我們的盾牌」——見 Psalm 5:12 註；Psalm 33:20 註。這裡的「我們」與本節前段的「我的」，是要表明本詩作者看神為「他的」神，看這地的百姓為「他的」百姓——意思是他與他們認同，並感到他的事業實在就是百姓的事業。
英文原文
Slay them not, lest my people forget - The meaning of this seems to be, Do not destroy them at once, lest, being removed out of the way, the people should forget what was done, or should lose the impression which it is desirable should be produced by their punishment. Let them live, and let them wander about, as exiles under the divine displeasure, that they may be permanent and enduring proofs of the justice of God; of the evil of sin; of the danger of violating the divine law. So Cain wandered on the earth Genesis 4:12-14, a living proof of that justice which avenges murder; and so the Jews still wander, a lasting illustration of the justice which followed their rejection of the Messiah. The prayer of the psalmist, therefore, is that the fullest expression might be given to the divine sense of the wrong which his enemies had done, that the salutary lesson might not be soon forgotten, but might be permanent and enduring.
Scatter them by thy, power - Break up their combinations, and let them go abroad as separate wanderers, proclaiming everywhere, by being thus vagabonds on the earth, the justice of God.
And bring them down - Humble them. Show them their weakness. Show them that they have not power to contend against God.
O Lord our shield - See Psalm 5:12, note; Psalm 33:20, note. The words "our" here, and "my" in the former part of the verse, are designed to show that the author of the psalm regarded God as "his" God, and the people of the land as "his," in the sense that he was identified with them, and felt that his cause was really that of the people.
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Psalm 59:12
繁體中文
因他們口中的罪——就是說，吐出毀謗與惡毒言語的罪。見 Psalm 59:7。
願他們在驕傲之中被纏住——即正在他們圖謀的當中，或正自信依賴計劃必成之時。正當他們心高氣傲、自以為必成之際，願他們被捕，計劃被挫。
並咒罵虛謊的話——就是說，因他們加於我的虛假指控，並他們向我發出的惡毒咒詛。這裡暗指加在大衛身上的指控；掃羅信了這些指控，並以此為據竭力追索大衛的性命。
英文原文
For the sin of their mouth ... - That is, in belching out words of reproach and malice, Psalm 59:7.
Let them even be taken in their pride - In the very midst of their schemes, or while confidently relying on the success of their plans. Even while their hearts are elated, and they are sure of success, let them be arrested, and let their plans be foiled.
And for cursing and lying which they speak - That is, on account of the false charges which they have brought against me, and of their bitter imprecations on me. The allusion is to the accusations brought against David, and which were believed by Saul, and which were the foundation of the efforts made by Saul to take his life.
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Psalm 59:13
繁體中文
「求你發怒，使他們消滅」——或作「以你的公義消滅」。這裏「消滅」一詞的意思是完結、完成、使之終結。它並非如我們的字眼乍看所暗示的那樣，意思把他們「燒燬」；也不是指他們的勢力將以何種「方式」或「方法」終結。這只是一個禱告，願他們的一切計謀都被挫敗，願他們的圖謀有一個徹底的了結，願他們無論如何都不能得逞。
「使他們消滅」——這話重複出現，是為加強語氣，表達願這工作得以「完全」成就的心願。
「以致歸於無有」——願事情的結局如同他們根本不在活人之地一般。
「叫他們知道」——叫那些如今正圖謀我命的人知道。
「神在雅各中間掌權」——即神在他百姓中間掌權，保護他們、護衛他們免受仇敵的攻擊；他是他們的朋友，也是一切想要傷害、毀滅他們之人的仇敵。
「直到地極」——即各處，遍及全世界。願人看見，無論人在何處居住或流蕩，同樣的治理原則都掌權——神在各處都顯明自己是公義之友、邪惡之敵。「地極」一語，是照著當時流行的觀念——人以為大地是一片延展的平面，有其界限或邊際。比較 Isaiah 40:22 的註釋；Isaiah 40:28 的註釋。
英文原文
Consume them in wrath - Or, in thy justice. The idea in the word "consume" here is to finish; to complete; to bring to an end. It does not mean to "burn" them as our word might seem to imply, nor is there any reference to the "mode" or "manner" in which their power was to be brought to an end. It is merely a prayer that all their plans might be frustrated; that there might be an entire completion of their attempts; or that they might be in no sense successful.
Consume them - The expression is repeated for the sake of emphasis, implying a desire that the work might be "complete."
That they may not be - That things might be as if they were not in the land of the living.
And let them know - Those who are now plotting my death.
That God ruleth in Jacob - That God rules among his people, protecting them and guarding them from the attacks of their enemies; that he is their friend, and that he is the enemy of all those who seek to injure and destroy them.
Unto the ends of the earth - Everywhere. All over the world. Let it be shown that the same principles of government prevail wherever man abides or wanders - that God manifests himself everywhere as the friend of right, and the enemy of wrong. The phrase "the ends of the earth," is in accordance with the prevailing conception that the earth was an extended plane, and that it had limits or boundaries. Compare the notes at Isaiah 40:22, notes at Isaiah 40:28.
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Psalm 59:14
繁體中文
「到了晚上，任憑他們轉回來」——見 Psalm 59:6 的註釋。這裏的原文與 Psalm 59:6 相同，只是開頭多了一個連接詞；它使句子完整，也使我們譯本的結構恰當。這話是滿有把握的誇勝之言。他們圍城巡行，要捉拿大衛；他們呼叫咆哮，如同狗遇見獵物時狂吠哀號。大衛求神介入拯救；然後他說，任憑他們來，任憑他們圍城號叫；他們必找不到獵物；他們必像那些眼看獵物逃脫的餓狗。任憑他們來號叫肆虐吧；他們不能加害。他們必遭遇失望；而那失望必成為他們的罪應得的刑罰。
英文原文
And at evening let them return - See the notes at Psalm 59:6. The original here is the same as in Psalm 59:6, with the exception of the word "and" at the beginning. This qualifies the sentence, and makes the construction in our version proper. The language is that of confident triumph. They came around the city to take David; they shouted and shrieked as dogs bark and howl when they come upon their prey. David asked God to interpose and save him; and then, says he, let them come if they will, and howl around the city; they will find no prey; they will be like hungry dogs from whom their anticipated victim has escaped. Let them come, and howl and rage. They can do no harm. They will meet with disappointment; and such disappointment will be a proper punishment for their sins.
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Psalm 59:15
繁體中文
「他們必走來走去，尋找食物」——願他們像四處覓食卻一無所獲的狗。其意是：他們必尋不到他，那時便如尋食落空的狗一般。
「若不得飽就終夜在外」——邊註作「若不得飽，他們必住宿過夜」。邊註的讀法最合希伯來文。這句話晦澀，但其意似乎是：他們必不得滿足——即得不着他們所尋求的；並且像饑餓失望的狗一樣，必須在這悲慘可憐的境況中度夜。我們譯者譯作「終夜在外」的字——出自 לוּן lûn——本義是過夜；繼而指停留、留下、居住；然後在 Hiphil 干指顯出頑固執拗——出於在惡事上堅持不退的觀念；因此這字有時意為發怨言：見 Numbers 14:29；Exodus 17:3。不過它沒有懷怨不滿之意，雖然這裏或可指他們因失望而咕噥抱怨。但最自然的意義，還是這字的本義——過夜——指他們四處遊行，目的落空，卻仍盼望或許能得着。詩篇作者心中預期的感受，是他自覺平安的意識，並因知道他們遲早必發現獵物已經逃脫而有的快慰。
英文原文
Let them wander up and down for meat - Let them be like dogs that wander about for food, and find none. The idea is, that they would not find him, and would be then as dogs that had sought in vain for food.
And grudge if they be not satisfied - Margin, If they be not satisfied, then they will stay all night. The marginal reading is most in accordance with the Hebrew. The sentence is obscure, but the idea seems to be that they would not be satisfied - that is, they would not obtain that which they had sought; and, like hungry and disappointed dogs, they would be compelled to pass the night in this miserable and wretched condition. The word which our translators have rendered "grudge" - from לוּן lûn - means properly to pass the night; then, to abide, to remain, to dwell; and then, in Hiphil, to show oneself obstinate and stubborn - from the idea of remaining or persisting in a bad cause; and hence, the word sometimes means to complain: Numbers 14:29; Exodus 17:3. It has not, however, the signification of grudging, though it might mean here to murmur or complain because they were disappointed. But the most natural meaning is that which the word properly bears - that of passing the night, as referring to their wandering about, disappointed in their object, and yet still hoping that they might possibly obtain it. The anticipated feeling in the mind of the psalmist is that which he would have in the consciousness of his own safety, and in the pleasure of knowing that they must sooner or later find out that their victim had escaped.
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Psalm 59:16
繁體中文
「但我要歌頌你的力量」——即我要因你能力的彰顯——你拯救我脫離危險——而讚美你。
「早晨要高聲歌頌你的慈愛」——當光明破曉之時;當這些災禍過去之時;當災難之夜消逝之時。這裏大概暗指他們夜間圍困他住處的事實(Psalm 59:6;Psalm 59:14);但也含着這樣的意思:那夜晚象徵憂傷與痛苦。清晨必來到;在這樣憂傷痛苦的黑夜之後,必有清晨來到——那是一個喜樂歡欣的清晨,那時他要感到自己已完全蒙拯救。那時他要大聲讚美神。比較 Isaiah 21:12 的註釋。
「因為你作過我的高臺」——即他指望那時他必如此感覺;那時回顧過往,他能這樣說;那時他因着這一切而讚美神。
英文原文
But I will sing of thy power - That is, I will praise thee for the manifestation of thy power in rescuing me from danger.
Yea, I will sing aloud of thy mercy in the morning - When the light dawns; when these troubles are over; when the night of calamity shall have passed by. There is an allusion here, probably, to the fact that they encompassed the place of his abode at night Psalm 59:6, Psalm 59:14; but there is also the implied idea that that night was emblematic of sorrow and distress. The morning would come; morning after such a night of sorrow and trouble; a morning of joy and gladness, when he would feel that he had complete deliverance. Then would he praise God aloud. Compare the notes at Isaiah 21:12.
For thou hast been my defense and refuge in the day of my trouble - That is, he looked to the time when he would feel this; when looking back he could say this; when in view of it he would praise God.
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Psalm 59:17
繁體中文
「我的力量啊,我要歌頌你」——你是我力量的源頭;我賴以得拯救的真正力量在於你。見 Psalm 18:1 的註釋。
「因為神是我的高臺」——見 Psalm 59:9 的註釋。
「是賜恩與我的神」——即曾向我施憐憫的神;這一切恩惠都源於他。無論他曾用什麼方法保全自己的安全(比較 1 Samuel 19:12以下),他仍然覺得,他的得救當完全歸於神。神已介入拯救了他;所以把讚美歸給他,乃是理所當然的。大衛在本篇所指之事中的經歷,當激勵一切身處危險的人信靠神;他那預先存着的感恩之情,以及得拯救後要讚美神的心志,當喚醒我們立定心志:當我們脫離將臨的患難、在瀕臨極大危險之後生命得以延長時,把一切讚美歸給神。無論拯救我們的憑藉是什麼,都當溯源於神的干預。
英文原文
Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing - The source of strength to me; the real strength by which I have obtained deliverance is in thee. See the notes at Psalm 18:1.
For God is my defense - See the notes at Psalm 59:9.
And the God of my mercy - The God who has showed mercy to me; he from whom all these favors have sprung. Whatever means might be used to secure his own safety (compare 1 Samuel 19:12 ff) still he felt that his deliverance was to be traced wholly to God. He had interposed and had saved him; and it was proper, therefore, that praise should be ascribed to him. The experience of David in the case referred to in this psalm should be an inducement to all who are in danger to put their trust in God; his anticipated feelings of gratitude, and his purpose to praise God when he should be delivered, should awaken in us the resolution to ascribe to God all the praise when we are delivered from impending troubles, and when our lives are lengthened out where we have been in imminent danger. Whatever may have been the means of our rescue, it is to be traced to the interposition of God.
本詩的總標題與前兩篇相同。它如標題所言是大衛所寫，這有充分的理由可信。據稱其寫作的「場合」，是「掃羅打發人窺探他的房屋，要殺他」的時候。這事件記載在 1 Samuel 19:11：「掃羅打發人到大衛的房屋那裡窺探他，要等到天亮殺他。」詩中沒有什麼與這關於寫作時間和場合的陳述不相合之處，除非是在「萬民」——גוים gôyim——一詞上；這詞在本詩用了兩次（Psalm 59:5、Psalm 59:8）。DeWette 力稱，這詞嚴格來說屬於外邦國民、外邦宗教的人。然而誠然，這詞雖原初有這意義，後來卻用以指任何具有那被認為是不認識真神之國民特徵與性情的人民或個人：兇殘、苛刻、無情、欺壓、野蠻的人（Psalm 2:1、Psalm 2:8；Psalm 9:5、Psalm 9:15、Psalm 9:19-20；Psalm 10:16；Psalm 79:6、Psalm 79:10；Psalm 106:47 等）。照這意義，它用在這裡並無不當，正適用於大衛的仇敵。
至於本詩寫成的確切「時間」，如今當然無法查明。標題所確定的，只是它寫於那場合、或鑒於那事件；但它是在那些仇敵正窺探房屋之時寫的，還是事後追憶那情景、回想當時經過他心頭的感受而寫的，如今已無法確定。大衛知道他的仇敵正這樣窺探他，這從 1 Samuel 19:11 顯然可見；詩中所記的這些思想在那危險之時經過他的心頭，並非不可能；但很難設想那樣的場合會容許必要的閒暇，把它們寫成我們如今在本詩中所見的形式。因此，看來本詩是後來寫成的，記錄當時確實經過他心頭的思想。
本詩沒有很規則的次序。心思從一事轉到另一事——時而發出懇切的禱告；時而描述仇敵——他的品格與計謀；時而表達對蒙拯救的確切盼望，並決意稱頌神。誠然，在我看來，本詩的結構本身就提供證據，表明它描述的正是那種場合「會」經過人心頭的感受。如此，我們在 Psalm 59:1-2、Psalm 59:5、Psalm 59:11-15 有求拯救的「禱告」；在 Psalm 59:3-4、Psalm 59:6、Psalm 59:12，與這些禱告交織著對這些仇敵品格與計謀的描述；在 Psalm 59:8-9、Psalm 59:16-17，有確切盼望的表達——因拯救與憐憫而決意稱頌神。這一切都表明，那正是標題所指的那種危險時刻「可能」、而且大概「確實」會經過人心頭的感受。
關於標題中各個不同的語詞，參見 Psalm 4、Psalm 47、Psalm 16 的導言。