1
1Ki 4:1-6.
简体中文
英文原文
1Ki 4:1-6.
SOLOMON'S PRINCES.
1. So King Solomon was king over all Israel--This chapter contains a general description of the state and glory of the Hebrew kingdom during the more flourishing or later years of his reign.
2
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简体中文
2. 这些臣子——或作「高级官员」,因为他们中有两人娶了所罗门的女儿,可见一斑。
祭司撒督的儿子亚撒利雅——更应作「领袖」,因希伯来文该词常含此义
(Ge 41:45; Ex 2:16; 2Sa 8:18);
可见他在名单中位列前茅,似乎是首相,即职位仅次于王的最高官员。
英文原文
2. these were the princes--or chief officers, as is evident from two of them marrying Solomon's daughters.
Azariah the son of Zadok the priest--rather, "the prince," as the Hebrew word frequently signifies
(Ge 41:45; Ex 2:16; 2Sa 8:18);
so that from the precedency given to his person in the list, he seems to have been prime minister, the highest in office next the king.
3
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简体中文
3. 书记——即国务秘书。在大卫手下只有一人
[2Sa 8:17; 20:25]。
这一部门任用三名官员,要么表示因分工而改善了制度,要么表示因王国日趋繁荣而导致公务大增,要么表示与外国的往来文书更为繁多。
史官——即史官或编年史家——这是东方宫廷中极为重要的职位,其职责是逐日记下所发生的事。
英文原文
3. scribes--that is, secretaries of state. Under David, there had been only one
[2Sa 8:17; 20:25].
The employment of three functionaries in this department indicates either improved regulations by the division of labor, or a great increase of business, occasioned by the growing prosperity of the kingdom, or a more extensive correspondence with foreign countries.
recorder--that is, historiographer, or annalist--an office of great importance in Oriental courts, and the duties of which consisted in chronicling the occurrences of every day.
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4. 比拿雅……统管军队——他从前是护卫长。他接续了约押,作了军队的统帅。
撒督和亚比亚他作祭司——只有前者(撒督)执行圣职;后者(亚比亚他)已被贬回乡间,仅保留了祭司的虚名。
英文原文
4. Benaiah . . . was over the host--formerly captain of the guard. He had succeeded Joab as commander of the forces.
Zadok and Abiathar were the priests--Only the first discharged the sacred functions; the latter had been banished to his country seat and retained nothing more than the name of high priest.
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简体中文
5. 管督官长——即
1Ki 4:17-19
所列的省长。
领袖,也是王的朋友——或许是枢密院主席,又是所罗门的亲信密友或宠臣。这位高官大概是与所罗门一同长大的。他将这般尊荣堆在拿单众子身上,实在合情合理,因为他们的父亲与先王关系密切,而所罗门本人也深蒙这位先知的恩。
英文原文
5. over the officers--that is, the provincial governors enumerated in
1Ki 4:17-19.
principal officer, and the king's friend--perhaps president of the privy council, and Solomon's confidential friend or favorite. This high functionary had probably been reared along with Solomon. That he should heap those honors on the sons of Nathan was most natural, considering the close intimacy of the father with the late king, and the deep obligations under which Solomon personally lay to the prophet.
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简体中文
6. 亚希煞掌管王宫——即王宫的管家或内务府总管。
亚多兰——或作亚多兰
(2Sa 20:24; 1Ki 12:18),
或哈多兰
(2Ch 10:18),
掌管苦役——不是征收钱物,而是征调服苦役的劳工(对照
1Ki 5:13, 14)。
英文原文
6. Ahishar was over the household--steward or chamberlain of the palace.
Adoniram--or Adoram
(2Sa 20:24; 1Ki 12:18),
or Hadoram
(2Ch 10:18),
was over the tribute--not the collection of money or goods, but the levy of compulsory laborers (compare
1Ki 5:13, 14).
7
1Ki 4:7-21.
简体中文
1Ki 4:7-21.
所罗门的十二个官吏
7. 所罗门有十二个官吏管以色列众人——王室的收入,是按照东方古时(在许多地方至今仍是如此)的惯例,不以金钱缴纳,而以土产缴纳。这些什一供物的征收和运输,常有很大的难处
(1Sa 8:15)。
因此,为方便起见,所罗门设立了十二个官吏,每人负责一个支派或特定的地区,按月轮值,将供应王室需用的物资(先存放于为收纳而建的「积货城」
(1Ki 9:19; 2Ch 8:4, 6))
征调上来。
英文原文
1Ki 4:7-21.
HIS TWELVE OFFICERS.
7. Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel--The royal revenues were raised according to the ancient, and still, in many parts, existing usage of the East, not in money payments, but in the produce of the soil. There would be always a considerable difficulty in the collection and transmission of these tithes
(1Sa 8:15).
Therefore, to facilitate the work, Solomon appointed twelve officers, who had each the charge of a tribe or particular district of country, from which, in monthly rotation, the supplies for the maintenance of the king's household were drawn, having first been deposited in "the store cities" which were erected for their reception
(1Ki 9:19; 2Ch 8:4, 6).
8
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简体中文
8. 户珥的儿子——或如旁注所言,便户珥、便德割。在叙利亚的乡村地区和阿拉伯人中,至今仍流行不以本人名字称呼人,而以他们父亲的名字相称的习惯。
英文原文
8. The son of Hur--or, as the Margin has it, Benhur, Bendekar. In the rural parts of Syria, and among the Arabs, it is still common to designate persons not by their own names, but as the sons of their fathers.
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21. 所罗门统管诸国,从大河——幼发拉底河与地中海之间的一切小王国都向他进贡。
1Ki 4:24
也有类似的陈述。
英文原文
21. Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river--All the petty kingdoms between the Euphrates and the Mediterranean were tributary to him. Similar is the statement in
1Ki 4:24.
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简体中文
22、23. 所罗门每日所用的食物——不仅为王桌所用,也为一切与宫廷有关的人所用,包括王室本身,以及他的众妃、主要的官员、亲兵、外宾等。所用的细面估计约二百四十 bushel;粗面或普通面粉约四百八十。所需消费的牲畜,加上家禽和几种猎物(山间出产甚丰),按比例并不超过东方其他宫廷的需要。
英文原文
22, 23. Solomon's provision for one day--not for the king's table only, but for all connected with the court, including, besides the royal establishment, those of his royal consorts, his principal officers, his bodyguards, his foreign visitors, &c. The quantity of fine floor used is estimated at two hundred forty bushels; that of meal or common flour at four hundred eighty. The number of cattle required for consumption, besides poultry and several kinds of game (which were abundant on the mountains) did not exceed in proportion what is needed in other courts of the East.
24
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24. 从提弗萨——即提弗萨(Thapsacus),幼发拉底河西岸一座繁荣的大城,其名源于附近一处著名的渡口,是该河最下游的渡口。
直到亚斯他录(Azzah,即迦萨)——即迦萨(Gaza),在西南端,离地中海不远。
英文原文
24. from Tiphsah--that is, Thapsacus, a large and flourishing town on the west bank of the Euphrates, the name of which was derived from a celebrated ford near it, the lowest on that river.
even to Azzah--that is, Gaza, on the southwestern extremity, not far from the Mediterranean.
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25. 所罗门在世的日子,从但到别是巴的犹大人和以色列人,各都在自己的葡萄树下和无花果树下——这是表示平安稳妥的常见而优美的比喻
(Mic 4:4; Zec 3:10),
它源于叙利亚至今仍流行的习俗——把这些果树沿房屋的墙和楼梯种植,搭成荫凉的棚架,人们坐在其下歇息。
英文原文
25. every man under his vine and . . . fig tree--This is a common and beautiful metaphor for peace and security
(Mic 4:4; Zec 3:10),
founded on the practice, still common in modern Syria, of training these fruit trees up the walls and stairs of houses, so as to make a shady arbor, beneath which the people sit and relax.
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26. 四万间——即王室马厩的马棚(参见
2Ch 9:25)。
英文原文
26. forty thousand stalls--for the royal mews (see on
2Ch 9:25).
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28. 大麦……和草——草不作垫草用,而是将大麦掺在铡碎的稻草中,作为马匹常用的饲料。
骆驼——单峰驼,以速度极快著称。
英文原文
28. Barley . . . and straw--Straw is not used for litter, but barley mixed with chopped straw is the usual fodder of horses.
dromedaries--one-humped camels, distinguished for their great fleetness.
29
1Ki 4:29-34.
简体中文
1Ki 4:29-34.
所罗门的智慧
29. 神赐给所罗门极大的智慧聪明和宽广的心——即高度的思维能力,既善于领受,又善于传授知识。
英文原文
1Ki 4:29-34.
HIS WISDOM.
29. God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart--that is, high powers of mind, great capacity for receieving, as well as aptitude for communicating knowledge.
30
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简体中文
30. 所罗门的智慧超过东方人——即阿拉伯人、迦勒底人和波斯人
(Ge 25:6)。
和埃及人的一切智慧——埃及以学术和科学之乡著称,现存那些清楚描述古时社会状况和艺术的古迹,表明埃及人民文化之高超。
英文原文
30. Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country--that is, the Arabians, Chaldeans, and Persians
(Ge 25:6).
all the wisdom of Egypt--Egypt was renowned as the seat of learning and sciences, and the existing monuments, which so clearly describe the ancient state of society and the arts, show the high culture of the Egyptian people.
31
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31. 比众人更聪明——即比他一切同时代的人,无论国内国外。
以探——或耶杜顿,属米拉利族
(1Ch 6:44)。
希幔——
(1Ch 15:17-19)
——圣殿乐师的首领和王的先见
(1Ch 25:5);
另外两人不详。
玛曷的儿子们——或为谢拉的别名
(1Ch 2:6);
或作普通名词,意为「舞蹈」、「合唱」,则「玛曷的儿子们」意为在诗歌音乐方面极有造诣的人。
英文原文
31. wiser than all men--that is, all his contemporaries, either at home or abroad.
than Ethan--or Jeduthun, of the family of Merari
(1Ch 6:44).
Heman--
(1Ch 15:17-19)
--the chief of the temple musicians and the king's seers
(1Ch 25:5);
the other two are not known.
the sons of Mahol--either another name for Zerah
(1Ch 2:6);
or taking it as a common noun, signifying a dance, a chorus, "the sons of Mahol" signify persons eminently skilled in poetry and music.
32
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32. 他作箴言三千句——包含他的道德格言,以及对人生和人品的睿智观察。
诗歌一千零五首——
诗篇 72、127、132
和《雅歌》都是他的作品。
英文原文
32. he spake three thousand proverbs--embodying his moral sentiments and sage observations on human life and character.
songs . . . a thousand and five--
Psalm 72, 127, 132,
and the
Song of Songs
are his.
33
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33. 他讲论草木,从利巴嫩的香柏树……直到牛膝草——即一切植物,从最大的到最小的。神的灵看为合适,只保留了他那博大心智所结出之果的少数纪念。此处归在他名下的作品,大部分早已湮没于时间的侵蚀,或在巴比伦之囚中毁灭,大概因为它们并非灵感之作。
英文原文
33. he spake of trees, from the cedar . . . to the hyssop--all plants, from the greatest to the least. The Spirit of God has seen fit to preserve comparatively few memorials of the fruits of his gigantic mind. The greater part of those here ascribed to him have long since fallen a prey to the ravages of time, or perished in the Babylonish captivity, probably because they were not inspired.
1Ki 4:1-6.
所罗门的臣宰
1. 所罗门王作以色列众人的王——本章概括描述了希伯来王国在他统治较为繁荣的后期所呈现的国势与荣光。