1
2Ch 13:1-20.
简体中文
英文原文
2Ch 13:1-20.
ABIJAH, SUCCEEDING, MAKES WAR AGAINST JEROBOAM, AND OVERCOMES HIM.
2
無標題
简体中文
2. 他的母亲名叫米该亚，是乌列的女儿——即玛迦（参看
1Ki 15:2
的注释）。
她是押沙龙的「女儿」，即孙女
(1Ki 15:2；
参
2Sa 14:1-33)，
是亚比雅的母亲；又是亚撒的「母亲」，即祖母
(1Ki 15:10，
边注)。
属基比亚——大概暗示乌列与扫罗家有关系。
亚比雅与耶罗波安之间争战——这场战争的起因并无记载（参
1Ki 15:6, 7），
但从亚比雅致辞的语气可以推断，是出于他年少气盛、想要恢复先祖全部世袭疆土的雄心。如今没有先知禁止与以色列争战
(2Ch 11:23)，
因为耶罗波安已丧失了一切受保护的资格。
英文原文
2. His mother's name also was Michaiah, the daughter of Uriel--the same as Maachah (see on
1Ki 15:2).
She was "the daughter," that is, granddaughter of Absalom
(1Ki 15:2;
compare
2Sa 14:1-33),
mother of Abijah, "mother," that is, grandmother
(1Ki 15:10,
Margin) of Asa.
of Gibeah--probably implies that Uriel was connected with the house of Saul.
there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam--The occasion of this war is not recorded (see
1Ki 15:6, 7),
but it may be inferred from the tenor of Abijah's address that it arose from his youthful ambition to recover the full hereditary dominion of his ancestors. No prophet now forbade a war with Israel
(2Ch 11:23)
for Jeroboam had forfeited all claim to protection.
3
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简体中文
3. 亚比雅摆阵——即出兵开战。
带着……四十万精兵……耶罗波安带八十万——考虑到这两个王国之小，这些无疑是庞大的数目。然而必须记住，东方军队不过是乌合之众——大量的人随营同行，指望劫掠，所以被描述为参与亚洲远征的总人数，往往远不能代表兵员的确实数目。但要解释亚比雅和耶罗波安各自军队中入伍的兵员何以如此众多，无须诉诸这种解释；因为我们从大卫的人口普查可知，能拿兵器的人数极其众多
(1Ch 21:5；
参
2Ch 14:8; 17:14)。
英文原文
3. Abijah set the battle in array--that is, took the field and opened the campaign.
with . . . four hundred thousand chosen men . . . Jeroboam with eight hundred thousand--These are, doubtless, large numbers, considering the smallness of the two kingdoms. It must be borne in mind, however, that Oriental armies are mere mobs--vast numbers accompanying the camp in hope of plunder, so that the gross numbers described as going upon an Asiatic expedition are often far from denoting the exact number of fighting men. But in accounting for the large number of soldiers enlisted in the respective armies of Abijah and Jeroboam, there is no need of resorting to this mode of explanation; for we know by the census of David the immense number of the population that was capable of bearing arms
(1Ch 21:5;
compare
2Ch 14:8; 17:14).
4
無標題
简体中文
4-12. 亚比雅站在洗玛脸山上——他已进入敌方境内，扎营在伯特利附近的一处高地
(Jos 18:22)。
耶罗波安的军队驻扎在山脚下；因预计将有一场正式会战，亚比雅便按古人独特的惯例向敌人发表演说。在这种场合发言的人，总是夸耀自己的功劳，又对敌对方倾泻出连篇的攻讦与恶毒的辱骂。亚比雅也是如此。他着重论到大卫家据有王位的神授之权；只字不提所罗门那些招天谴的罪、耶罗波安之蒙神设立，以及神对南北分裂的认可，反而斥责耶罗波安为篡位者，斥其臣民为叛徒——他们是趁罗波安年幼无知而起事。接着他对比了两国的宗教状况，将耶罗波安所引进的亵渎性新规和粗鄙的偶像崇拜，连同他对利未人的驱逐与剥夺
(2Ch 11:14)，
描绘成一幅黑暗的图景。他以合理的自豪，论到自己境内摩西古制的纯净与正常遵守
[2Ch 13:11]，
并以这样有力的呼吁作结：「以色列人哪，不要与耶和华你们列祖的神争战，因你们必不能亨通。」
英文原文
4-12. Abijah stood up upon Mount Zemaraim--He had entered the enemy's territory and was encamped on an eminence near Beth-el
(Jos 18:22).
Jeroboam's army lay at the foot of the hill, and as a pitched battle was expected, Abijah, according to the singular usage of ancient times, harangued the enemy. The speakers in such circumstances, while always extolling their own merits, poured out torrents of invective and virulent abuse upon the adversary. So did Abijah. He dwelt on the divine right of the house of David to the throne; and sinking all reference to the heaven-condemned offenses of Solomon and the divine appointment of Jeroboam, as well as the divine sanction of the separation, he upbraided Jeroboam as a usurper, and his subjects as rebels, who took advantage of the youth and inexperience of Rehoboam. Then contrasting the religious state of the two kingdoms, he drew a black picture of the impious innovations and gross idolatry introduced by Jeroboam, with his expulsion and impoverishment
(2Ch 11:14)
of the Levites. He dwelt with reasonable pride on the pure and regular observance of the ancient institutions of Moses in his own dominion
[2Ch 13:11]
and concluded with this emphatic appeal: "O children of Israel, fight ye not against Jehovah, the God of your fathers, for ye shall not prosper."
13
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简体中文
13-17. 耶罗波安却在他们后头设伏兵——亚比雅的这番演说，无论在自己军中产生多大的激励效果，对所针对的一方却毫无作用；因为当他在徒费唇舌之时，耶罗波安已下令一支兵丁悄悄绕到山脚后方，于是当亚比雅说毕之时，他和跟随的人发觉自己腹背受敌——以色列大军仍在前面。若不是众首领「呼求耶和华」、祭司「吹起号筒」——这是必胜的凭据
(Nu 10:9; 31:6)——
几乎就要发生惊溃了。犹大人因这熟知的信号而重得安慰，便以战呼回应，全军应和，随即向敌人猛冲。这一冲势不可挡。以色列人的阵线被打乱，因为「神击打耶罗波安和以色列众人」。他们溃逃；随之而来的无情杀戮，只能从内战所点燃的仇恨之情来解释。
英文原文
13-17. But Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind them--The oration of Abijah, however animating an effect it might have produced on his own troops, was unheeded by the party to whom it was addressed; for while he was wasting time in useless words, Jeroboam had ordered a detachment of his men to move quietly round the base of the hill, so that when Abijah stopped speaking, he and his followers found themselves surprised in the rear, while the main body of the Israelitish forces remained in front. A panic might have ensued, had not the leaders "cried unto the Lord," and the priests "sounded with the trumpets"--the pledge of victory
(Nu 10:9; 31:6).
Reassured by the well-known signal, the men of Judah responded with a war shout, which, echoed by the whole army, was followed by an impetuous rush against the foe. The shock was resistless. The ranks of the Israelites were broken, for "God smote Jeroboam and all Israel." They took to flight, and the merciless slaughter that ensued can be accounted for only by tracing it to the rancorous passions enkindled by a civil war.
19
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简体中文
19. 亚比雅追赶耶罗波安，从他手中夺取了城邑——这场血腥的争战加深了两王国百姓之间的裂痕。亚比雅放弃了原本想要征服十支派的打算，只满足于收复几座边境城邑——这些城虽在犹大或便雅悯境内，却已被割让给新的、即北方的王国。其中就有伯特利——凭其神圣的联想，他必然极想将其从亵渎中夺回。
英文原文
19. Abijah pursued after Jeroboam, and took cities from him--This sanguinary action widened the breach between the people of the two kingdoms. Abijah abandoned his original design of attempting the subjugation of the ten tribes, contenting himself with the recovery of a few border towns, which, though lying within Judah or Benjamin, had been alienated to the new or northern kingdom. Among these was Beth-el, which, with its sacred associations, he might be strongly desirous to wrest from profanation.
20
無標題
简体中文
20. 亚比雅在世的日子，耶罗波安不能再强盛——洗玛脸那场使他损失军中精锐和勇士的灾难性战役，击垮了他的精神，削弱了他的势力。
耶和华攻击他，他就死了——即耶罗波安。他确实在亚比雅死后还活了两年
(1Ki 14:20; 15:9)。
但他早被警告将有大灾祸临到他和他全家，此处显然是预先提到这些警告的执行——这些警告以他的死亡告终。
英文原文
20. Neither did Jeroboam recover strength again in the days of Abijah--The disastrous action at Zemaraim, which caused the loss of the flower and chivalry of his army, broke his spirits and crippled his power.
the Lord struck him, and he died--that is, Jeroboam. He lived, indeed, two years after the death of Abijah
(1Ki 14:20; 15:9).
But he had been threatened with great calamities upon himself and his house, and it is apparently to the execution of these threatenings, which issued in his death, that an anticipatory reference is here made.
2Ch 13:1-20.
亚比雅继位，与耶罗波安争战并胜过他