1
2Ch 24:1-14.
繁體中文
英文原文
2Ch 24:1-14.
JOASH REIGNS WELL ALL THE DAYS OF JEHOIADA.
1-3. Joash . . . began to reign--(See on
2Ki 12:1-3).
3
無標題
繁體中文
3. 耶何耶大為他娶了兩個妻——因耶何耶大此時年事已高，不可能再締結這樣的新盟約，多數註釋者將此語歸於年幼的王。
英文原文
3. Jehoiada took for him two wives--As Jehoiada was now too old to contract such new alliances, the generality of interpreters apply this statement to the young king.
4
無標題
繁體中文
4-14. 約阿施有意重修耶和華的殿——（參
2Ki 12:4-16）。
英文原文
4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord--(See on
2Ki 12:4-16).
15
2Ch 24:15, 16.
繁體中文
2Ch 24:15, 16.
耶何耶大去世。
15, 16. 耶何耶大年紀老邁……死了——他壽命之長異乎尋常，一生為國效勞，理應受些公眾感恩的報酬；這便在他死後的榮譽中得到了。在希伯來人中，城內埋葬在各城均被禁止，只有耶路撒冷例外——那裏的特例僅限於王室及功勳卓著者，蒙賜在大衛城中、列王之間安葬的殊榮，耶何耶大即其一例。
英文原文
2Ch 24:15, 16.
JEHOIADA BEING DEAD.
15, 16. Jehoiada waxed old . . . and died--His life, protracted to unusual longevity and spent in the service of his country, deserved some tribute of public gratitude, and this was rendered in the posthumous honors that were bestowed on him. Among the Hebrews, intramural interment was prohibited in every city but Jerusalem, and there the exception was made only to the royal family and persons of eminent merit, on whom the distinction was conferred of being buried in the city of David, among the kings, as in the case of Jehoiada.
17
2Ch 24:17-22.
繁體中文
2Ch 24:17-22.
約阿施陷入偶像崇拜。
17-22. 此後猶大的首領來朝拜王——至今為止，約阿施雖坐在王位上，王權卻由其叔父執掌，他以優良的謀略引導年幼的王行那些足以促進國家民事與宗教利益的政策。那位睿智謀士的熱切敬虔、實用智慧與堅定不屈，對各階層都發揮了巨大的影響。但如今這國家之船的舵不再由那位可敬的大祭司的清醒頭腦與穩健之手掌握，約阿施施政的真相便顯露出來；因缺乏良好而開明的原則，也許還因天生性格缺少魄力，他任由自己被帶上一條很快便使船觸礁沉沒的航線。
王聽從他們等語——他們暗中傾向偶像崇拜，其高位令人痛心地證明在約蘭、亞哈謝與亞她利雅在位期間，國家的腐敗已多麼廣泛而深刻。他們一面表態效忠，一面謙卑請求：不要使他們長期受頻繁且昂貴的耶路撒冷之旅所累，而要容許他們享有先祖在家鄉邱壇敬拜上帝的特權。他們以這貌似有理、最不冒犯的方式提出請求，深知若獲准免於到聖殿，便可——不怕被發現或被攔阻——隨意奉行任何他們所喜好的私下儀式。懦弱的王應允了他們的請求；結果是：他們離棄了列祖的上帝的殿，不久便「事奉木偶和偶像」。
英文原文
2Ch 24:17-22.
JOASH FALLS INTO IDOLATRY.
17-22. Now came the princes of Judah, and make obeisance to the king--Hitherto, while Joash occupied the throne, his uncle had held the reins of sovereign power, and by his excellent counsels had directed the young king to such measures as were calculated to promote both the civil and religious interests of the country. The fervent piety, practical wisdom, and inflexible firmness of that sage counsellor exerted immense influence over all classes. But now that the helm of the state-ship was no longer steered by the sound head and firm hand of the venerable high priest, the real merits of Joash's administration appear; and for want of good and enlightened principle, as well as, perhaps, of natural energy of character, he allowed himself to be borne onward in a course which soon wrecked the vessel upon hidden rocks.
the king hearkened unto them, &c.--They were secretly attached to idolatry, and their elevated rank affords sad proof how extensively and deeply the nation had become corrupted during the reigns of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah. With strong professions of allegiance they humbly requested that they might not be subjected to the continued necessity of frequent and expensive journeys to Jerusalem, but allowed the privilege their fathers had enjoyed of worshipping God in high places at home. They framed their petition in this plausible and least offensive manner, well knowing that, if excused attendance at the temple, they might--without risk of discovery or disturbance--indulge their tastes in the observance of any private rites they pleased. The weak-minded king granted their petition; and the consequence was, that when they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers, they soon "served groves and idols."
18
無標題
繁體中文
18. 怒氣就臨到猶大和耶路撒冷——特別提及耶路撒冷也牽涉其中，暗示聖殿的被忽略與隨之而來的偶像崇拜，不僅得到王的容忍，更得到他的認可；人自然會問：在他這成熟的年齡，怎麼會完全拋棄一個與他一切早年回憶相連的地方？有人推測，他曾目睹許多祭司在敬拜上敷衍了事，尤其不願收取金錢、也不願將其收入的一部分用於聖殿的修繕，這使他心生疏離與厭惡〔LE CLERC〕。
英文原文
18. wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem--The particular mention of Jerusalem as involved in the sin implies that the neglect of the temple and the consequent idolatry received not only the king's toleration, but his sanction; and it naturally occurs to ask how, at his mature age, such a total abandonment of a place with which all his early recollections were associated can be accounted for. It has been suggested that what he had witnessed of the conduct of many of the priests in the careless performance of the worship, and especially their unwillingness to collect the money, as well as apply a portion of their revenues for the repairs of the temple, had alienated and disgusted him [LE CLERC].
19
無標題
繁體中文
19. 但他仍差遣先知——以利沙、彌迦、哈拿尼的兒子耶戶、撒迦利亞的兒子雅哈悉
（2Ch 20:14）、 多比雅雅的兒子以利以謝
（2Ch 20:37）， 都在那時存活並教導。但他們一切先知的警告與宣告都無人理會。
英文原文
19. Yet he sent prophets--Elisha, Micah, Jehu son of Hanani, Jahaziel son of Zechariah
(2Ch 20:14),
Eliezer son of Dodavah
(2Ch 20:37),
lived and taught at that time. But all their prophetic warnings and denunciations were unheeded.
20
無標題
繁體中文
20, 21. 上帝的靈臨到耶何耶大的兒子撒迦利雅——他大概是幼子，因為他的名字未見於亞倫繼承者的名單
（1Ch 6:4-47）。
站在上面對百姓——他既屬祭司的等次，便從內院講話——內院比百姓的院高出許多。
對他們說：上帝如此說，你們為何干犯耶和華的誡命，以致不能亨通等語——他與王的親近關係本可能使他不便啷口；但終於他也受不可抗拒的推動，出言反對盛行的褻瀆。〔撒迦利雅〕勸諫的大膽直率，以及他對隨後必至的國難的宣告，最令王不悅；同時這些話激起群眾的兇暴情緒，以致一夥惡徒在約阿施暗中唆使之下，用石頭把他打死。這樁暴行使王負有複雜的罪責。這是對耶和華先知的野蠻侵犯——對那曾救他性命之家族的忘恩負義——對一位忠誠的希伯來愛國者的殘酷迫害——也是對其王權與權柄的非法不義之行使。
英文原文
20, 21. the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada--probably a younger son, for his name does not occur in the list of Aaron's successors
(1Ch 6:4-47).
stood above the people--Being of the priestly order, he spoke from the inner court, which was considerably higher than that of the people.
and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord, that ye cannot prosper, &c.--His near relationship to the king might have created a feeling of delicacy and reluctance to interfere; but at length he, too, was prompted by an irresistible impulse to protest against the prevailing impiety. The bold freedom and energy of [Zechariah's] remonstrance, as well as his denunciation of the national calamities that would certainly follow, were most unpalatable to the king; while they so roused the fierce passions of the multitude that a band of miscreants, at the secret instigation of Joash, stoned him to death. This deed of violence involved complicated criminality on the part of the king. It was a horrid outrage on a prophet of the Lord--base ingratitude to a family who had preserved his life--atrocious treatment of a true Hebrew patriot--an illegal and unrighteous exercise of his power and authority as a king.
22
無標題
繁體中文
22. 他死的時候說：願耶和華鑒察伸冤——這些臨終的話，若含有報復性的咒詛之意，便與第一位基督教殉道者的靈
（Ac 7:60）
形成鮮明的對比。但它們未必是個人意願的表達，而可能是先知性宣告的吐露。
英文原文
22. when he died, he said, The Lord look upon it and require it--These dying words, if they implied a vindictive imprecation, exhibit a striking contrast to the spirit of the first Christian martyr
(Ac 7:60).
But, instead of being the expression of a personal wish, they might be the utterance of a prophetic doom.
23
2Ch 24:23-27.
繁體中文
2Ch 24:23-27.
他被臣僕所殺。
23. 滿了一年，亞蘭的軍隊上來——這次入侵由哈薛親自率領；約阿施為免遭圍城之苦，以大量金銀禮物說服他退兵
（2Ki 12:18）。 他很可能也應允繳納歲貢；其後因拖欠或拒繳，亞蘭人次年捲土重來，僅以少數兵力便對集結的希伯來全軍造成徹底而羞辱的潰敗。
英文原文
2Ch 24:23-27.
HE IS SLAIN BY HIS SERVANTS.
23. at the end of the year the host of Syria came up--This invasion took place under the personal conduct of Hazael, whom Joash, to save the miseries of a siege, prevailed on to withdraw his forces by a large present of gold
(2Ki 12:18).
Most probably, also, he promised the payment of an annual tribute, on the neglect or refusal of which the Syrians returned the following year, and with a mere handful of men inflicted a total and humiliating defeat on the collected force of the Hebrews.
25
無標題
繁體中文
25. 他們留他活著在重病中——他晚年被痛苦的疾病所苦，長期臥病在床。
他自己的臣僕背叛他——這兩個叛臣（其父是猶太人，其母是外邦人）很可能是朝臣，因常出入寢宮，更易執行其計畫。
為耶何耶大的眾子的血——應讀作耶何耶大的「兒子」。輿論似乎將他一生與其統治的災禍歸咎於那樁卑劣的罪行。而王早已失去臣民的敬重，因此對他悲慘的結局，既無人表達震驚，也無人表示哀悼！
英文原文
25. they left him in great diseases--The close of his life was embittered by a painful malady, which long confined him to bed.
his own servants conspired against him--These two conspirators (whose fathers were Jews, but their mothers aliens) were probably courtiers, who, having constant access to the bedchamber, could the more easily execute their design.
for the blood of the sons--read "the son" of Jehoiada. Public opinion seems to have ascribed the disasters of his life and reign to that foul crime. And as the king had long lost the esteem and respect of his subjects, neither horror nor sorrow was expressed for his miserable end!
2Ch 24:1-14.
約阿施在耶何耶大在世的日子行正道。
1-3. 約阿施……登基——（參
2Ki 12:1-3）。