1
2Sa 11:1.
繁體中文
英文原文
2Sa 11:1.
JOAB BESIEGES RABBAH.
1. at the time when kings go forth to battle--The return of spring was the usual time of commencing military operations. This expedition took place the year following the war against the Syrians; and it was entered upon because the disaster of the former campaign having fallen chiefly upon the Syrian mercenaries, the Ammonites had not been punished for their insult to the ambassadors.
David sent Joab and his servants . . . they destroyed the children of Ammon--The powerful army that Joab commanded ravaged the Ammonite country and committed great havoc both on the people and their property, until having reached the capital, they besieged Rabbah-- Rabbah denotes a great city. This metropolis of the Ammonites was situated in the mountainous tract of Gilead, not far from the source of the Arnon. Extensive ruins are still found on its site.
2
2Sa 11:2-12.
繁體中文
2Sa 11:2-12.
大衛與拔示巴犯姦淫。
2. 一日傍晚，大衛從床上起來——希伯來人像其他東方人一樣，天一亮便起身，正午炎熱時總要小睡片刻，隨後便在傍晚清涼之時在平頂的臺上閒坐。大衛大概是比平常更早登上屋頂享受戶外的清涼。
英文原文
2Sa 11:2-12.
DAVID COMMITS ADULTERY WITH BATH-SHEBA.
2. it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed--The Hebrews, like other Orientals, rose at daybreak, and always took a nap during the heat of the day. Afterwards they lounged in the cool of the evening on their flat-roofed terraces. It is probable that David had ascended to enjoy the open-air refreshment earlier than usual.
3
無標題
繁體中文
3. 有人告訴大衛說——按原文是「他心裏說」，
*這不是拔示巴嗎？*等等——她似乎是一位有名的美人，其艷名早已傳入大衛耳中，正如東方常見的情形，是女人們從後宮傳到後宮的消息。
拔示巴，以連的女兒——或作亞米利
（代上3:5）， 是大衛的勇士之一
（撒下23:34）， 也是亞希多弗的兒子。
英文原文
3. one said--literally, "he said to himself,"
Is not this Bath-sheba? &c.--She seems to have been a celebrated beauty, whose renown had already reached the ears of David, as happens in the East, from reports carried by the women from harem to harem.
Bath-sheba, the daughter of Eliam--or Ammiel
(1Ch 3:5),
one of David's worthies
(2Sa 23:34),
and son of Ahithophel.
4
無標題
繁體中文
4. 大衛差遣使者去將她接來——東方的專制君王一旦看中某個女子，便差官到她家中，宣告王命要她遷入王宮。宮中便分給她一處住處；她若被封為王后，王便下令宣告他已選她為王后。近代東方史中有許多事例表明，這樣的次等婚事是何等輕易迅速地締結，一位新的美人又是何等容易地被添入王的後宮。但大衛卻不得不向拔示巴作出承諾，或者更準確地說是一項明確的約定，她才肯順從王意
（王上1:13、15、17、28）；
因為除了她超群的容貌之外，她似乎在謀取所圖之事上也是一位才智出眾、手腕高明的女子；她能確保自己的兒子繼承王位；她能迅速通報自己懷孕的消息；她能積極挫敗亞多尼雅本可指望繼承王位的念頭；她在身為王母時所顯的尊嚴——這一切都強烈顯出她在大衛身上所取得並維持的影響力；而大衛也許有充分的閒暇和機會，從多方面發現這不幸結合所招致的刑罰［泰勒，《卡爾梅特》］。
英文原文
4. David sent messengers, and took her--The despotic kings of the East, when they take a fancy for a woman, send an officer to the house were she lives, who announces it to be the royal pleasure she should remove to the palace. An apartment is there assigned to her; and if she is made queen, the monarch orders the announcement to be made that he has made choice of her to be queen. Many instances in modern Oriental history show the ease and despatch with which such secondary marriages are contracted, and a new beauty added to the royal seraglio. But David had to make a promise, or rather an express stipulation, to Bath-sheba, before she complied with the royal will
(1Ki 1:13, 15, 17, 28);
for in addition to her transcendent beauty, she appears to have been a woman of superior talents and address in obtaining the object of her ambition; in her securing that her son should succeed on the throne; in her promptitude to give notice of her pregnancy; in her activity in defeating Adonijah's natural expectation of succeeding to the crown; in her dignity as the king's mother--in all this we see very strong indications of the ascendency she gained and maintained over David, who, perhaps, had ample leisure and opportunity to discover the punishment of this unhappy connection in more ways than one [TAYLOR, Calmet].
5
無標題
繁體中文
5. 女人懷了孕，就差人去告訴大衛——立即採取一些遮掩其罪的措施是必要的，既是為王的體面，也是為她的安全，因為淫婦的刑罰乃是死
（利20:10）。
英文原文
5. the woman conceived, and sent and told David--Some immediate measures of concealing their sin were necessary, as well for the king's honor as for her safety, for death was the punishment of an adulteress
(Le 20:10).
8
無標題
繁體中文
8. 大衛對烏利亞說，你下到你自己家裏去——這突然的召回、王的態度、他那些無關緊要的問話
（撒下11:7），
以及催促烏利亞在自己家裏安歇的急切，大概引起了人對此舉緣由的疑心。
王又賜他一分食物——從王席上賜一分肉食到某人自己的家中或住所，是東方君王所能給予的最大恭維之一。
英文原文
8. David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house--This sudden recall, the manner of the king, his frivolous questions
(2Sa 11:7),
and his urgency for Uriah to sleep in his own house, probably awakened suspicions of the cause of this procedure.
there followed him a mess of meat from the king--A portion of meat from the royal table, sent to one's own house or lodgings, is one of the greatest compliments which an Eastern prince can pay.
9
無標題
繁體中文
9. 烏利亞卻睡在王宮門外——僕人們慣於在門廊或長廊裏睡覺；希伯來王的衛士也是如此。無論他心中暗藏什麼疑慮，烏利亞不肯享受家庭的安樂，決意睡「在王宮門外」，都是出於一種高尚而可敬的軍職本分感和體統觀念
（撒下11:11）。
但毫無疑問，烏利亞的這一決心也受那從惡中帶出善來的護理所掌管；那護理也將這段沉痛的插曲記下來，作為教會的警戒。
英文原文
9. But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house--It is customary for servants to sleep in the porch or long gallery; and the guards of the Hebrew king did the same. Whatever his secret suspicions might have been, Uriah's refusal to indulge in the enjoyment of domestic pleasure, and his determination to sleep "at the door of the king's house," arose from a high and honorable sense of military duty and propriety
(2Sa 11:11).
But, doubtless, the resolution of Uriah was overruled by that Providence which brings good out of evil, and which has recorded this sad episode for the warning of the church.
14
2Sa 11:14-27.
繁體中文
2Sa 11:14-27.
烏利亞被殺。
14, 15. 大衛寫信給約押，交烏利亞隨手帶去……你們要派烏利亞在陣勢最險的地方——王先是用了各樣計謀和手段想要矇哄烏利亞，最終竟訴諸可怕的謀殺罪行——那冷血的殘酷，竟將這封信交給那位英勇卻深受冤屈的軍人親手帶去；他又拉攏約押來同擔罪責；他假意哀悼的無情姿態；他與拔示巴倉促成婚的失當急切——這一切都在大衛的品格上留下了無法抹滅的污點，並令人痛心地顯明：最好的人一旦失去神那約束的恩典，也可能墮落到何等可怕的地步。
英文原文
2Sa 11:14-27.
URIAH SLAIN.
14, 15. David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah . . . Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle--The various arts and stratagems by which the king tried to cajole Uriah, till at last he resorted to the horrid crime of murder--the cold-blooded cruelty of despatching the letter by the hands of the gallant but much-wronged soldier himself, the enlistment of Joab to be a partaker of his sin, the heartless affectation of mourning, and the indecent haste of his marriage with Bath-sheba--have left an indelible stain upon the character of David, and exhibit a painfully humiliating proof of the awful lengths to which the best of men may go when they forfeit the restraining grace of God.
2Sa 11:1.
約押圍攻拉巴。
1. 到列王出戰的時候——春季來臨是發動軍事行動的慣常時節。這次出征發生在與亞蘭人交戰的次年；之所以起兵，是因上一戰的災禍主要落在亞蘭傭兵身上，亞捫人侮辱使者之罪尚未受罰。
大衛差派約押和臣僕……他們毀滅了亞捪人——約押所統率的強大軍隊蹂躪了亞捪之地，對人丁和財物都造成極大的毀壞，直到兵臨其京都，便圍攻拉巴——「拉巴」意為大城。這座亞捪人的都會位於基列的山地之中，離亞嫩河的發源地不遠。如今其故址上仍有大片廢墟。