1
2Sa 12:1-6.
简体中文
英文原文
2Sa 12:1-6.
NATHAN'S PARABLE.
1. the Lord sent Nathan unto David--The use of parables is a favorite style of speaking among Oriental people, especially in the conveyance of unwelcome truth. This exquisitely pathetic parable was founded on a common custom of pastoral people who have pet lambs, which they bring up with their children, and which they address in terms of endearment. The atrocity of the real, however, far exceeded that of the fictitious offense.
5
無標題
简体中文
5. 行这事的人该死——这刑罚比案情所应得的更重，也比神的律例所定的更苛
（出22:1）。
王的同情心已被深深牵动，他的义愤已被激发，但他的良心却仍在沉睡；正当他对自己的罪最致命地宽容之时，他对他人的过失和错误却最乐于定罪。
英文原文
5. the man that hath done this thing shall surely die--This punishment was more severe than the case deserved, or than was warranted by the divine statute
(Ex 22:1).
The sympathies of the king had been deeply enlisted, his indignation aroused, but his conscience was still asleep; and at the time when he was most fatally indulgent to his own sins, he was most ready to condemn the delinquencies and errors of others.
7
2Sa 12:7-23.
简体中文
2Sa 12:7-23.
他将比喻应用在大卫身上，大卫认罪并蒙赦免。
7. 拿单对大卫说，你就是那人——这些可怕的话刺透了他的心，唤醒了他的良心，使他双膝跪下。他悔改之忧伤的真诚与深切，可见于他所作的诗篇
（诗32:1-11；51:1-19；103:1-22）。
他蒙了赦免，这是就恢复神的恩宠而言。但因他敬虔的名声素高，社会地位又显赫，他那可悲的堕落对宗教的事业会造成很大的损害，所以神必须借着任凭自己的仆人收割苦涩的今世果子，来表明祂对罪的憎恶。大卫本人并未按自己所以为的公义所当得的而被处死
（撒下12:5）；
但他要在四个儿子相继死亡中付出四倍的代价，此外还有一连串的其他灾祸。
英文原文
2Sa 12:7-23.
HE APPLIES IT TO DAVID, WHO CONFESSES HIS SIN, AND IS PARDONED.
7. Nathan said to David, Thou art the man--These awful words pierced his heart, aroused his conscience, and brought him to his knees. The sincerity and depth of his penitent sorrow are evinced by the Psalms he composed
(Ps 32:1-11; 51:1-19; 103:1-22).
He was pardoned, so far as related to the restoration of the divine favor. But as from his high character for piety, and his eminent rank in society, his deplorable fall was calculated to do great injury to the cause of religion, it was necessary that God should testify His abhorrence of sin by leaving even His own servant to reap the bitter temporal fruits. David was not himself doomed, according to his own view of what justice demanded
(2Sa 12:5);
but he had to suffer a quadruple expiation in the successive deaths of four sons, besides a lengthened train of other evils.
8
無標題
简体中文
8. 我将你主人的家业和你主人的妻妾赐给你——这话的意思不外乎：神在祂的护理中，已将扫罗所有的一切都赐给了作以色列王的大卫。历史有确凿的证据表明，他从未实际娶过扫罗的任何一个妻子。但按东方的观念，前王的内室作为御用之物的一部分，归属其继承者。
英文原文
8. I gave thee thy master's house, and thy master's wives--The phraseology means nothing more than that God in His providence had given David, as king of Israel, everything that was Saul's. The history furnishes conclusive evidence that he never actually married any of the wives of Saul. But the harem of the preceding king belongs, according to Oriental notions, as a part of the regalia to his successor.
11
無標題
简体中文
11. 我必从你家中兴起祸患攻击你等等——先知所说神威胁要行的事，其实只是神所许可发生的事。事实是，大卫因罪行被揭发而失去名声，在自然的情势下，便削弱了家人对他的尊重，削弱了他政府的威信，并助长了全国许多紊乱之事的蔓延。
英文原文
11. I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, &c.--The prophet speaks of God threatening to do what He only permitted to be done. The fact is, that David's loss of character by the discovery of his crimes, tended, in the natural course of things, to diminish the respect of his family, to weaken the authority of his government, and to encourage the prevalence of many disorders throughout his kingdom.
15
無標題
简体中文
15-23. 耶和华击打孩子……孩子病得很重——加在大卫身上的第一个可见的刑罚，显在那孩子身上——那孩子正是他罪疚的证据和记号。他的仆人们对他的行为感到惊讶；要解释这一奇特之处，须指出东方的习俗是让死者最近的亲属尽情地、不受干扰地沉浸在悲哀之中，直到最长第三天或第四天
（约11:17）。
然后其余的亲友才来探望他，请他进食，领他去沐浴，并给他换一套衣服——因为他一直坐在或躺在地上，换衣是必要的。大卫的仆人们既见他孩子在病中时那痛切的哀伤，如今见孩子死了，他自己却从地上起来——不等他们前来——立即沐浴抹膏，不似举哀之人，并庄重地敬拜神之后便恢复惯常的饮食，不受任何人从中劝阻；他们之所以惊讶，显然正因于此。
英文原文
15-23. the Lord struck the child . . . and it was very sick--The first visible chastisement inflicted on David appeared on the person of that child which was the evidence and monument of his guilt. His domestics were surprised at his conduct, and in explanation of its singularity, it is necessary to remark that the custom in the East is to leave the nearest relative of a deceased person to the full and undisturbed indulgence of his grief, till on the third or fourth day at farthest
(Joh 11:17).
Then the other relatives and friends visit him, invite him to eat, lead him to a bath, and bring him a change of dress, which is necessary from his having sat or lain on the ground. The surprise of David's servants, then, who had seen his bitter anguish while the child was sick, arose apparently from this, that when he found it was dead, he who had so deeply lamented arose of himself from the earth, without waiting for their coming to him, immediately bathed and anointed himself, instead of appearing as a mourner, and after worshiping God with solemnity, returned to his wonted repast, without any interposition of others.
24
2Sa 12:24, 25.
简体中文
2Sa 12:24、25.
所罗门出生。
24、25. 拔示巴……生了一个儿子，给他起名叫所罗门——即「平安」之意。但拿单奉神之命给了他耶底底亚这个名字，或者也许只是作为神之爱的表达。考虑到他出身的那桩婚姻的罪愆，这爱以及他所赋予的高贵恩赐，乃是神良善和恩典的一个显著例证。
英文原文
2Sa 12:24, 25.
SOLOMON IS BORN.
24, 25. Bath-sheba . . . bare a son, and he called his name Solomon--that is, "peaceable." But Nathan gave him the name of Jedediah, by command of God, or perhaps only as an expression of God's love. This love and the noble gifts with which he was endowed, considering the criminality of the marriage from which he sprang, is a remarkable instance of divine goodness and grace.
26
2Sa 12:26-31.
简体中文
2Sa 12:26-31.
拉巴被攻取。
26. 约押攻打拉巴——这次围城所持续的时间，因与拔示巴的交往、以及至少一个孩子（若不是两个）的出生都发生在围城期间，大概延续了两年之久。
英文原文
2Sa 12:26-31.
RABBAH IS TAKEN.
26. Joab fought against Rabbah--The time during which this siege lasted, since the intercourse with Bath-sheba, and the birth of at least one child, if not two, occurred during the progress of it, probably extended over two years.
27
無標題
简体中文
27. 水城——拉巴像亚罗珥一样，分为两部分——一是下城，因雅博河蜿蜒的河道几乎绕城而过，使其四面环水；二是较高的、更坚固的城，称为王城。「前者被约押攻取，但攻陷后者这般坚固设防之城的荣誉，则留给了王自己。」
英文原文
27. the city of waters--Rabbah, like Aroer, was divided into two parts--one the lower town, insulated by the winding course of the Jabbok, which flowed almost round it, and the upper and stronger town, called the royal city. "The first was taken by Joab, but the honor of capturing so strongly a fortified place as the other was an honor reserved for the king himself."
28
無標題
简体中文
28. 你要聚集人马围攻那城，取了那城——东方暴君向来独占军功；古时并不知近代君王借将军之手取胜的精致做法，所以约押便请大卫亲自来指挥最后的进攻。为此征调了一支大军。大卫不甚费力便攻取了王城，获得其巨额的财富。
恐怕我攻取了那城，人就以我的名称呼那城——一座城以某位伟人之名而得新名，如亚历山大、君士坦丁堡、海得拉巴，这在古今东方的历史中屡见不鲜。
英文原文
28. encamp against the city, and take it--It has always been characteristic of Oriental despots to monopolize military honors; and as the ancient world knew nothing of the modern refinement of kings gaining victories by their generals, so Joab sent for David to command the final assault in person. A large force was levied for the purpose. David without much difficulty captured the royal city and obtained possession of its immense wealth.
lest I take the city, and it be called after my name--The circumstance of a city receiving a new name after some great person, as Alexandria, Constantinople, Hyderabad, is of frequent occurrence in the ancient and modern history of the East.
30
無標題
简体中文
30. 他夺取了他们王头上的王冠——城的财宝既作为战利品分给兵士，大卫却把那顶王冠留给了自己——它的价值极其珍贵。它重量之大，使人推测它如同许多古时的冠冕一样，不是戴在头上，而是悬在头上方，或固定在王座顶上的华盖之上。
宝石——按希伯来文是单数的「石头」；是一颗由珍珠和其他珠宝组成的圆球，嵌在冠冕之中，大概是从其中取出来镶在大卫自己的冠冕上。
英文原文
30. he took their king's crown from off his head--While the treasures of the city were given as plunder to his soldiers, David reserved to himself the crown, which was of rarest value. Its great weight makes it probable that it was like many ancient crowns, not worn, but suspended over the head, or fixed on a canopy on the top of the throne.
the precious stones--Hebrew, "stone"; was a round ball composed of pearls and other jewels, which was in the crown, and probably taken out of it to be inserted in David's own crown.
31
無標題
简体中文
31. 他将百姓带出来……放在锯下等等——这种过分的严酷和酷刑的使用，希伯来人在其他场合从未见有记载，是对一个以残忍著称之民的报应性公义
（撒上11:2；摩1:13）。
英文原文
31. he brought forth the people . . . and put them under saws, &c.--This excessive severity and employment of tortures, which the Hebrews on no other occasion are recorded to have practised, was an act of retributive justice on a people who were infamous for their cruelties
(1Sa 11:2; Am 1:13).
2Sa 12:1-6.
拿单设比喻。
1. 耶和华差遣拿单去见大卫——比喻是东方人喜爱的说话方式，尤其在传达逆耳之言时更是如此。这个精妙动人的比喻，乃是根据牧人百姓的一桩常见风俗：他们所宠养的羔羊，与儿女一同养大，并以亲昵之辞称呼它们。然而那真实的罪行，其凶残远甚于这虚构的过犯。