1
2Sa 18:1-4.
繁體中文
英文原文
2Sa 18:1-4.
DAVID REVIEWING THE ARMIES.
1, 2. David numbered the people that were with him--The hardy mountaineers of Gilead came in great numbers at the call of their chieftains, so that, although without money to pay any troops, David soon found himself at the head of a considerable army. A pitched battle was now inevitable. But so much depending on the life of the king, he was not allowed to take the field in person; and he therefore divided his forces into three detachments under Joab, Abishai, and Ittai, the commander of the foreign guards.
5
2Sa 18:5-13.
繁體中文
2Sa 18:5-13.
囑咐他們善待押沙龍。
5. 你們都要為我的緣故恩待那少年人押沙龍——王對眾將所下的這一動情的囑咐，不僅是出於他對兒女難以自持的疼愛，也是出於他明知這場叛亂乃是自己罪行的報應，押沙龍不過是報應之神手中的工具；——也是出於他的敬虔，唯恐這位不幸的王子帶著未悔改之罪而死。
英文原文
2Sa 18:5-13.
GIVES THEM CHARGE OF ABSALOM.
5. Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom--This affecting charge, which the king gave to his generals, proceeded not only from his overwhelming affection for his children, but from his consciousness that this rebellion was the chastisement of his own crimes, Absalom being merely an instrument in the hand of retributive Providence;--and also from his piety, lest the unhappy prince should die with his sins unrepented of.
6
無標題
繁體中文
6. 以法蓮樹林——這片樹林當然在約旦河東。其名稱的由來，按一些人的說法，是因耶弗他屠戮以法蓮人之事；另一些人則認為，是因與約旦河東瑪拿西的血緣關係。
英文原文
6. wood of Ephraim--This wood, of course, was on the east of Jordan. Its name was derived, according to some, from the slaughter of the Ephraimites by Jephthah--according to others, from the connection of blood with the trans-jordanic Manasseh.
7
無標題
繁體中文
7. 以色列人被殺——這一稱呼，連同後來所記的巨大屠殺數目，表明百姓在這場不幸的內爭中捲入之廣。
英文原文
7. the people of Israel were slain--This designation, together with the immense slaughter mentioned later, shows the large extent to which the people were enlisted in this unhappy civil contest.
8
無標題
繁體中文
8. 樹林吞噬的百姓比刀劍殺的還多——茂密的橡樹和篤耨香樹林阻擋了逃路，大大幫助了勝方追擊。
英文原文
8. the wood devoured more people than the sword--The thick forest of oaks and terebinths, by obstructing the flight, greatly aided the victors in the pursuit.
9
無標題
繁體中文
9. 押沙龍遇見大衛的僕人——或作「被追上」。「必須時刻提防樹枝；當頭髮編成粗辮垂在背後時——正如我所屬隊伍中一位年輕人的情形——路上任何粗大的樹枝橫亙其間，都很容易將騎者從座位上掀落，並勾住他飄垂的頭髮」〔HARTLEY〕。然而有人認為，聖經史家所指的並非頭髮，而是押沙龍的頭；他的頭在兩根樹枝之間被夾住，卡得如此牢固，以致他無法掙脫，也無法使用雙手。
他所騎的騾子便跑了——東方人不像我們使用馬鞍，因此騎在牲畜上坐得不那麼穩固。押沙龍被橡樹勾住時，顯然為了掙脫而放開了韁繩，騾子便逃走了。
英文原文
9. Absalom met the servants of David--or was overtaken. "It is necessary to be continually on one's guard against the branches of trees; and when the hair is worn in large locks floating down the back, as was the case with a young man of the party to which I belonged, any thick boughs interposing in the path might easily dislodge a rider from his seat, and catch hold of his flowing hair" [HARTLEY]. Some, however, think that the sacred historian points not so much to the hair, as to the head of Absalom, which, being caught while running between two branches, was enclosed so firmly that he could not disengage himself from the hold, nor make use of his hands.
the mule that was under him went away--The Orientals, not having saddles as we do, do not sit so firmly on the beasts they ride. Absalom quitting his hold of the bridle, apparently to release himself when caught in the oak, the mule escaped.
11
無標題
繁體中文
11, 12. 約押對報信的人說……我必賞賜你十舍客勒銀子和一條帶子——意即要將他從普通兵卒提升為授銜軍官。在古希伯來人中，除了金錢之外，一條精巧而富麗的帶子也是尊榮的記號，有時作為軍功的賞賜。然而這個士兵——可以代表大衛忠心百姓的典型——對王的心意極為尊重，任何賞賜都不能誘使他對押沙龍下手。但約押嚴正的公共責任感——他深信只要那位惹事生非的王子還活著，王就不得安全，國家就不得太平，他和其他忠心百姓也就不得保障——勝過了他的情感；他認為交給將帥們的囑咐更像是出於為父之心，而非為君之命，於是冒險違背了王的吩咐。
英文原文
11, 12. Joab said unto the man that told him, . . . I would have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle--that is, would have raised him from the ranks to the status of a commissioned officer. Besides a sum of money, a girdle, curiously and richly wrought, was among the ancient Hebrews a mark of honor, and sometimes bestowed as a reward of military merit. This soldier, however, who may be taken as a fair sample of David's faithful subjects, had so great a respect for the king's wishes, that no prospect of reward would have tempted him to lay violent hands on Absalom. But Joab's stern sense of public duty, which satisfied him that there could be neither safety to the king, nor peace to the kingdom, nor security to him and other loyal subjects, so long as that turbulent prince lived, overcame his sensibilities, and looking upon the charge given to the generals as more befitting a parent than a prince, he ventured to disobey it.
14
2Sa 18:14-32.
繁體中文
2Sa 18:14-32.
他被約押所殺。
14. 他拿三根短槍……刺透押沙龍的心——約押所作的事有一部分是由他的護衛兵完成的。這事既違背了大衛明確的心意，也違背了他一切為父的深情，必定令王深為不悅，且終未忘記
(1Ki 2:5)；
然而我們有充分的理由相信，約押這樣作，無論是從大衛為人或為王的角度來看，都是出於對大衛利益的真誠關切。
英文原文
2Sa 18:14-32.
HE IS SLAIN BY JOAB.
14. he took three darts . . . and thrust them through the heart of Absalom--The deed, partially done by Joab, was completed by his bodyguard. Being a violation of the expressed wish, as well as of all the fond paternal feelings of David, it must have been deeply offensive to the king, nor was it ever forgotten
(1Ki 2:5);
and yet there is the strongest reason for believing that Joab, in doing it, was actuated by a sincere regard to the interests of David, both as a man and a monarch.
16
無標題
繁體中文
16. 約押吹角……攔住百姓——他知道篡位者既死，便沒有再流無辜之血的理由，於是終止了追趕，藉此表明他行事的節制與明智。約押對王雖然看似嚴酷無情，但他顧念國家的太平與福祉，過於他主人的私情——那些私情既違背嚴格的公義，也不利於他自己的利益——從這一點來看，他無疑作了智慧政治家所作的事。押沙龍按神的律法
(De 21:18, 21)
本就該死，何況他又是君王和國家的仇敵；而在公開交戰中陣亡，正是最合宜的死期。
英文原文
16. Joab blew the trumpet, . . . and held back the people--Knowing that by the death of the usurper there was no occasion for further bloodshed, he put an end to the pursuit and thereby evinced the temperate policy of his conduct. However harsh and unfeeling to the king Joab may appear, there can be no doubt that he acted the part of a wise statesman in regarding the peace and welfare of the kingdom more than his master's private inclinations, which were opposed to strict justice as well as his own interests. Absalom deserved to die by the divine law
(De 21:18, 21),
as well as being an enemy to his king and country; and no time was more fitting than when he met that death in open battle.
17
無標題
繁體中文
17. 他們將押沙龍取下來，丟在坑中……在他身上堆起一大堆石頭——東方人對聲名狼藉之人的記憶極為憎惡，便在他埋葬的地方扔石頭以示鄙棄。路過的人也會添上石頭，那石堆便隨著日積月累越來越大。
英文原文
17. they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit . . . and laid a very great heap of stones upon him--The people of the East indicate their detestation of the memory of an infamous person by throwing stones at the place where he is buried. The heap is increased by the gradual accumulation of stones which passers-by add to it.
18
無標題
繁體中文
18. 押沙龍活著的時候，為自己立了一根柱子——字面作「手」。在耶路撒冷以東的約沙法谷中，有一座墓或紀念碑，據說就是這根「柱子」或紀念物：它二十四平方英尺，頂部呈穹頂狀，高四十英尺。這建築也許佔著當日的地點，卻不可能是押沙龍自己所造，因為它明顯帶有後期建築的風格。
英文原文
18. Absalom in his lifetime had reared up for himself a pillar--literally, "hand." In the valley of Jehoshaphat, on the east of Jerusalem, is a tomb or cenotaph, said to be this "pillar" or monument: it is twenty-four feet square, dome-topped, and reaches forty feet in height. This may occupy the spot, but cannot itself be the work of Absalom, as it evidently bears the style of a later architecture.
19
無標題
繁體中文
19. 亞希瑪斯說……容我……跑去將耶和華向仇敵給王報仇的信息報與王——約押為何先是拒絕亞希瑪斯要給大衛報捷信的請求，後來又讓他和另一個人同去，各家註釋者的說法不一，但都無關緊要。然而兩個信使的矯健，以及等候之人急切的振奮，都被生動地描繪了出來。
英文原文
19. Then said Ahimaaz . . . Let me . . . run and bear the king tidings--The reasons why Joab declined to accept Ahimaaz' offer to bear intelligence of the victory to David, and afterwards let him go along with another, are variously stated by commentators--but they are of no importance. Yet the alacrity of the messengers, as well as the eager excitement of the expectants, is graphically described.
23
無標題
繁體中文
23. 從平原那邊跑——或作 ciccar，「圓圈」。這詞在別處只用於約旦河的平原。可能基列高原上有一個地方或地區叫這個名字，正如七十士譯本所暗示的。也可能瑪哈念相對於戰場的位置，從約旦河平原下去，比翻越山嶺更容易到達。或者這詞可能指（如 EWALD 所解釋的）一種快跑的姿勢〔STANLEY〕。
英文原文
23. by the way of the plain--or ciccar, "circle." This word is only used elsewhere in connection with the valley of the Jordan. It is possible that there may have been a place or region so called on the tablelands of Gilead, as the Septuagint seems to indicate. Or Mahanaim may have been so situated, with the regard to the battlefield, as to be more easily accessible by a descent to the plain of the Jordan, than over the hills themselves. Or the word may signify (as EWALD explains) a manner of quick running [STANLEY].
24
無標題
繁體中文
24-32. 大衛坐在城甕門裡——即在瑪哈念城門上方懸出的城樓中。附近有一個守望樓，戰時有哨兵在上面站崗，要報告所發生的一切。亞希瑪斯所傳信息的委婉，由古示人所傳的信息之直白加以補足。押沙龍的死對大衛是沉重的打擊；他身為君王雖得了勝利，卻完全淹沒在身為父親所受的痛苦損失之中——這感情的迸發，令人不能不寄予同情。他對這個無用之子的愛，異常熱切而強烈，從他哀號之語的繁複和激烈中迸發出來。
英文原文
24-32. David sat between the two gates--that is, in the tower-house on the wall that overhung the gate of Mahanaim. Near it was a watchtower, on which a sentinel was posted, as in times of war, to notify every occurrence. The delicacy of Ahimaaz' communication was made up by the unmistakable plainness of Cushi's. The death of Absalom was a heavy trial, and it is impossible not to sympathize with the outburst of feeling by which David showed that all thoughts of the victory he had won as a king were completely sunk in the painful loss he had sustained as a father. The extraordinary ardor and strength of his affection for this worthless son break out in the redundancy and vehemence of his mournful ejaculations.
2Sa 18:1-4.
大衛檢閱軍隊。
1、2. 大衛點數跟隨他的人——基列那些健壯的山地居民成群結隊地應其首領之召而來，因此，大衛雖無錢財支付軍餉，很快便統率了一支可觀的軍隊。如今一場陣地之戰已無可避免。但因王的性命關係重大，不許他親自上陣；於是他把軍隊分為三隊，分別交由約押、亞比篩和外邦衛兵的統領以太統率。