1
De 16:1-22.
繁體中文
英文原文
De 16:1-22.
THE FEAST OF THE PASSOVER.
1. Observe the month of Abib--or first-fruits. It comprehended the latter part of our March and the beginning of April. Green ears of the barley, which were then full, were offered as first-fruits, on the second day of the passover.
for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee out of Egypt by night--This statement is apparently at variance with the prohibition
(Ex 12:22)
as well as with the recorded fact that their departure took place in the morning
(Ex 13:3; Nu 33:3).
But it is susceptible of easy reconciliation. Pharaoh's permission, the first step of emancipation, was extorted during the night, the preparations for departure commenced, the rendezvous at Rameses made, and the march entered on in the morning.
2
無標題
繁體中文
2. 你當把逾越節的祭物獻給耶和華——所指不是狹義而嚴格意義上的逾越節羔羊。此處指整個節期的莊嚴禮儀，這從後幾日需要獻上額外祭牲的提及
(民 28:18, 19; 代下 35:8, 9)，
以及暗示要持續七日吃無酵餅（而逾越節本身是要立刻吃完）可以看出。此處的話相當於"你當守逾越節"。
英文原文
2. Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover--not the paschal lamb, which was strictly and properly the passover. The whole solemnity is here meant, as is evident from the mention of the additional victims that required to be offered on the subsequent days of the feast
(Nu 28:18, 19; 2Ch 35:8, 9),
and from the allusion to the continued use of unleavened bread for seven days, whereas the passover itself was to be eaten at once. The words before us are equivalent to "thou shalt observe the feast of the passover."
3
無標題
繁體中文
3. 七日要吃無酵餅——一種發酸、味劣、無益健康的餅，作為對在埃及受苦、以及他們匆忙啟程、來不及讓早晨的麵團發酵的記念。
英文原文
3. seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread--a sour, unpleasant, unwholesome kind of bread, designed to be a memorial of their Egyptian misery and of the haste with which they departed, not allowing time for their morning dough to ferment.
5
無標題
繁體中文
5, 6. 你不可在各獻祭逾越節——逾越節只能在會幕或聖殿的院內舉行，因為它不僅是宗教的筵席或聖禮場合，而是一項真正的獻祭
(出 12:27; 23:18; 34:25)。
血必須灑在祭壇上，並在那真正逾越羔羊日後為我們被獻之處獻上——"在黃昏的時候，太陽落山時"——原文是"在兩個黃昏之間"。
英文原文
5, 6. Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates--The passover was to be observed nowhere but in the court of the tabernacle or temple, as it was not a religious feast or sacramental occasion merely, but an actual sacrifice
(Ex 12:27; 23:18; 34:25).
The blood had to be sprinkled on the altar and in the place where the true Passover was afterwards to be sacrificed for us "at even, at the going down of the sun"--literally, "between the evenings."
6
無標題
繁體中文
6. 在那時候——即月日，雖然未必是確切時辰。逾越節前夕——即四小時之內——所要宰殺的大量祭牲，在一些作者看來是極大的難題。但任職祭司人數眾多，他們在預備祭物上靈巧嫻熟，院子範圍廣大，燔祭壇的尺寸非凡，又有井然有序的儀式程序，使短短數小時內即可完成的事，否則可能需要許多天。
英文原文
6. at the season--that is, the month and day, though not perhaps the precise hour. The immense number of victims that had to be immolated on the eve of the passover--that is, within a space of four hours--has appeared to some writers a great difficulty. But the large number of officiating priests, their dexterity and skill in the preparation of the sacrifices, the wide range of the court, the extraordinary dimensions of the altar of burnt offering and orderly method of conducting the solemn ceremonial, rendered it easy to do that in a few hours, which would otherwise have required as many days.
7
無標題
繁體中文
7. 你當烤了吃——
(參 出 12:8;
比較 代下 35:13)。
到了早晨，你要回到你的帳棚去——這話乍看之下，似乎指第一日——即逾越節前夕——次日早晨。然而，這節期由神所定的持續時日、其莊嚴的性質和重要的目的、百姓從國中遠方趕來出席、以及他們全程在場的記錄例證
(代下 30:21 35:17)
（雖然這些或可視為非常例、故屬例外情形），或可支持這樣的結論：容許百姓回家的時間是在七日節期完成之後的次日早晨。
英文原文
7. thou shalt roast and eat it--(See on
Ex 12:8;
compare
2Ch 35:13).
thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents--The sense of this passage, on the first glance of the words, seems to point to the morning after the first day--the passover eve. Perhaps, however, the divinely appointed duration of this feast, the solemn character and important object, the journey of the people from the distant parts of the land to be present, and the recorded examples of their continuing all the time
(2Ch 30:21 35:17),
(though these may be considered extraordinary, and therefore exceptional occasions), may warrant the conclusion that the leave given to the people to return home was to be on the morning after the completion of the seven days.
9
無標題
繁體中文
9-12. 你要計算七七——即七七節，或"七個七的節期"：五旬節
(參 利 23:10;
亦參 出 34:22; 徒 2:1)。
正如逾越節第二日要獻上特意收割的新大麥一捆，五旬節第二日也要獻上新小麥一捆作為初熟之物
(出 23:16; 民 28:26)，
這是向神為祂屬世恩賜所獻的自願而由衷的感恩。這節期設立是為紀念賜律法之事——那屬靈的食物，人的靈魂藉以得著滋養
(申 8:3)。
英文原文
9-12. Seven weeks shalt thou number--The feast of weeks, or a WEEK OF WEEKS: the feast of pentecost (see on
Le 23:10;
also see
Ex 34:22; Ac 2:1).
As on the second day of the passover a sheaf of new barley, reaped on purpose, was offered, so on the second day of pentecost a sheaf of new wheat was presented as first-fruits
(Ex 23:16; Nu 28:26),
a freewill, spontaneous tribute of gratitude to God for His temporal bounties. This feast was instituted in memory of the giving of the law, that spiritual food by which man's soul is nourished
(De 8:3).
13
無標題
繁體中文
13-17. 你要守住棚節七日——
(參 出 23:14;
利 23:34;
民 29:12)。
關於在整個收割結束之後設立此節，歷來有多種推測。有人認為是要提醒以色列人，他們曾一度沒有禾田可割、卻每日蒙嗎哪供應的時期；有人認為此時比一年中任何其他時期更適合百姓住在棚中；也有人認為這是摩西第二次從山下來的時候；還有第四派人認為，這節期被定在一年中的這個時候，是因為"道成了肉身，住"——字面是"支搭帳棚"——"在我們中間"
(約 1:14)，
基督正是在那個季節降生的。
英文原文
13-17. Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days--(See on
Ex 23:14;
Le 23:34;
Nu 29:12).
Various conjectures have been formed to account for the appointment of this feast at the conclusion of the whole harvest. Some imagine that it was designed to remind the Israelites of the time when they had no cornfields to reap but were daily supplied with manna; others think that it suited the convenience of the people better than any other period of the year for dwelling in booths; others that it was the time of Moses' second descent from the mount; while a fourth class are of opinion that this feast was fixed to the time of the year when the Word was made flesh and dwelt--literally, "tabernacled"--among us
(Joh 1:14),
Christ being actually born at that season.
15
無標題
繁體中文
15. 你手所辦的一切事上……歡樂——即以熱切高昂的心讚美神。據猶太傳統，這些大節期中不可舉行婚禮，免得個人或私人的喜慶與公眾和國家的歡慶相混雜。
英文原文
15. in all the works of thine hands . . . rejoice--that is, praising God with a warm and elevated heart. According to Jewish tradition, no marriages were allowed to be celebrated during these great festivals, that no personal or private rejoicings might be mingled with the demonstrations of public and national gladness.
16
無標題
繁體中文
16. 你一切的男丁要一年三次朝見耶和華你的神——沒有命令婦女承擔這些旅程，部分是出於對女性天然體弱的體恤，部分是出於對她們家務的顧念。
英文原文
16. Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the Lord thy God--No command was laid on women to undertake the journeys, partly from regard to the natural weakness of their sex, and partly to their domestic cares.
18
無標題
繁體中文
18-20. 你要在各城中設立審判官和官長——"官長"指傳令官或法警，負責執行上司的判決。
在你各城裡——城門是以色列人和其他東方人公眾聚集之處，交易在此進行，案件在此審理。"奧托曼門"（Ottoman Porte）一名即源自在其門前施行審判。
英文原文
18-20. Judges and officers shalt thou make--These last meant heralds or bailiffs, employed in executing the sentence of their superiors.
in all thy gates--The gate was the place of public resort among the Israelites and other Eastern people, where business was transacted and causes decided. The Ottoman Porte derived its name from the administration of justice at its gates.
21
無標題
繁體中文
21. 你不可為自己栽種木偶——"木偶"在聖經中有許多含義——一叢遮蔭的樹木；或裝飾了敬奉某神之祭壇的樹叢；或樹叢中的木製神像
(士 6:25; 王下 23:4-6)。
它們或可設立在曠野中所築的土壇旁邊，卻不可在會幕或聖殿中存在。這些地方及其通常的附帶物對拜偶像構成強烈的誘惑；因此以色列人被禁止栽種它們。
英文原文
21. Thou shalt not plant thee a grove--A grove has in Scripture a variety of significations--a group of overshadowing trees, or a grove adorned with altars dedicated to a particular deity, or a wooden image in a grove
(Jud 6:25; 2Ki 23:4-6).
They might be placed near the earthen and temporary altars erected in the wilderness, but they could not exist either at the tabernacle or temples. They were places, which, with their usual accompaniments, presented strong allurements to idolatry; and therefore the Israelites were prohibited from planting them.
22
無標題
繁體中文
22. 也不可為自己設立柱像——原文本作"柱子"，此處誤譯為"像"；各種各樣的柱子——木製或石製的——被豎立在祭壇附近。有時為圓錐形或長方形，有時則作為偶像雕像的基座。人們對之懷有迷信的崇敬，故被禁絕。
英文原文
22. Neither shalt thou set thee up any image--erroneously rendered so for "pillar"; pillars of various kinds, and materials of wood or stone were erected in the neighborhood of altars. Sometimes they were conical or oblong, at other times they served as pedestals for the statues of idols. A superstitious reverence was attached to them, and hence they were forbidden.
申 16:1-22.
逾越節。
1. 要注意亞筆月——意為"初熟之果"。這月份相當於我們三月的後半和四月的開始。那時大麥已滿的青穗，在逾越節的第二日作為初熟之果獻上。
因為你是在亞筆月從埃及出來的，耶和華你的神在夜間領你出來——這話看來與
出 12:22
的禁令，以及他們的啟程是在早晨的記載事實
(出 13:3; 民 33:3)
相悖。
但這容易調和。法老的允准——得釋放的第一步——是在夜間索取的；出發的準備開始了，在蘭塞集合，並在早晨起行。