1
De 22:1-4.
繁體中文
英文原文
De 22:1-4.
OF HUMANITY TOWARD BRETHREN.
1. Thou shalt not see thy brother's ox or his sheep go astray, and hide thyself from them, &c.--"Brother" is a term of extensive application, comprehending persons of every description; not a relative, neighbor, or fellow countryman only, but any human being, known or unknown, a foreigner, and even an enemy
(Ex 23:4).
The duty inculcated is an act of common justice and charity, which, while it was taught by the law of nature, was more clearly and forcibly enjoined in the law delivered by God to His people. Indifference or dissimulation in the circumstances supposed would not only be cruelty to the dumb animals, but a violation of the common rights of humanity; and therefore the dictates of natural feeling, and still more the authority of the divine law, enjoined that the lost or missing property of another should be taken care of by the finder, till a proper opportunity occurred of restoring it to the owner.
5
De 22:5-12.
繁體中文
申 22:5-12.
衣著當分辨性別。
5. 婦女不可穿戴男子所穿戴的，男子也不可穿婦女的衣服——雖然異教廟宇中某些時節有人喬裝打扮，但這裡所指更可能是日常生活中不當的輕浮之舉。這些確當被禁；因為異性衣著的採用是對廉恥的侵犯，它抹煞天然的區分——在男人身上滋長陰柔與女氣，在女人身上滋生放肆與魯莽，並在雙方身上助長輕浮與虛偽；總之，它開啟了無數惡行之門，因此凡穿異性衣裝的人都被宣稱為"耶和華所憎惡"。
英文原文
De 22:5-12.
THE SEX TO BE DISTINGUISHED BY APPAREL.
5. The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman's garment--Though disguises were assumed at certain times in heathen temples, it is probable that a reference was made to unbecoming levities practised in common life. They were properly forbidden; for the adoption of the habiliments of the one sex by the other is an outrage on decency, obliterates the distinctions of nature by fostering softness and effeminacy in the man, impudence and boldness in the woman as well as levity and hypocrisy in both; and, in short, it opens the door to an influx of so many evils that all who wear the dress of another sex are pronounced "an abomination unto the Lord."
6
無標題
繁體中文
6, 7. 你若路上遇見鳥窩——這是摩西律法人道精神的一個美好例證，用以遏制任意破壞的傾向，並培養對最小受造物的慈憐溫柔之心。但這條誡命既有人道，也有智慧；因為鳥類在自然生態中具有重要作用，人所共知，任何一國之內，無論食用鳥或猛禽，若其一物種被消滅，必造成嚴重的惡果。巴勒斯坦尤其處於產毒蛇蠍子的氣候地帶；若吃這些的生物的鳥類被消滅，其沙漠和山地必被這些生物以及大群的蒼蠅、蝗蟲、老鼠和各種害蟲所佔據〔MICHAELIS〕。因此，本段所給的忠告既有人道也有智慧：留下母鳥不受干擾，以便繁殖物種；同時偶爾容許取走雛鳥，作為抑制其過速繁殖的手段。
英文原文
6, 7. If a bird's nest chance to be before thee--This is a beautiful instance of the humanizing spirit of the Mosaic law, in checking a tendency to wanton destructiveness and encouraging a spirit of kind and compassionate tenderness to the tiniest creatures. But there was wisdom as well as humanity in the precept; for, as birds are well known to serve important uses in the economy of nature, the extirpation of a species, whether of edible or ravenous birds, must in any country be productive of serious evils. But Palestine, in particular, was situated in a climate which produced poisonous snakes and scorpions; and the deserts and mountains would have been overrun with them as well as immense swarms of flies, locusts, mice, and vermin of various kinds if the birds which fed upon them were extirpated [MICHAELIS]. Accordingly, the counsel given in this passage was wise as well as humane, to leave the hen undisturbed for the propagation of the species, while the taking of the brood occasionally was permitted as a check to too rapid an increase.
8
無標題
繁體中文
8. 你要在房頂的四圍安欄杆——免得有人從那裡掉下來，流血之罪就歸於你的房子。古時猶太地的房屋，正如今日東方，房頂是平的，用枝條搭在大樑之上，再以黏土或灰泥覆蓋。房頂周圍有齊胸的矮牆。夏季房頂是乘涼的好去處，人若不小心走近邊緣、跌入街道或院落，意外便常發生；因此，這位猶太立法者明智而審慎地規定，每一座新房應以石欄杆或木欄杆圍住房頂，作為房屋必不可少的一部分。
英文原文
8. thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man fall from thence--The tops of houses in ancient Judea, as in the East still, were flat, being composed of branches or twigs laid across large beams, and covered with a cement of clay or strong plaster. They were surrounded by a parapet breast high. In summer the roof is a favorite resort for coolness, and accidents would frequently happen from persons incautiously approaching the edge and falling into the street or court; hence it was a wise and prudent precaution in the Jewish legislator to provide that a stone balustrade or timber railing round the roof should form an essential part of every new house.
9
無標題
繁體中文
9. 兩樣種子不可種在你的葡萄園裡——
(參 利 19:19)。
英文原文
9. Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds--(See on
Le 19:19).
10
無標題
繁體中文
10. 不可用牛驢耕地——這種搭配是否如混合種子一樣出於迷信動機，而禁令只是象徵性的、為教導道德功課
(林後 6:14)，
我們不得而知。但這禁令防止了東方國家貧民偶爾仍行的一種極大的不仁之舉。牛與驢既屬不同物種、性情迥異，不能舒適地相處，也不能愉快地合力拉犁或拉車。驢體格小得多、步子短，會造成拉力不均而不順。此外，驢因吃粗糙有毒的雜草而口氣臭，同軛的夥伴極力回避，不僅因為這氣味有毒且令人作嘔，更因為會導致消瘦，若長久下去甚至致死；因此，據觀察，牛總是把頭偏向離驢遠的一側，只用一肩出力。
英文原文
10. Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass together--Whether this association, like the mixture of seeds, had been dictated by superstitious motives and the prohibition was symbolical, designed to teach a moral lesson
(2Co 6:14),
may or may not have been the case. But the prohibition prevented a great inhumanity still occasionally practised by the poorer sort in Oriental countries. An ox and ass, being of different species and of very different characters, cannot associate comfortably, nor unite cheerfully in drawing a plough or a wagon. The ass being much smaller and his step shorter, there would be an unequal and irregular draft. Besides, the ass, from feeding on coarse and poisonous weeds, has a fetid breath, which its yoke fellow seeks to avoid, not only as poisonous and offensive, but producing leanness, or, if long continued, death; and hence, it has been observed always to hold away its head from the ass and to pull only with one shoulder.
11
無標題
繁體中文
11. 不可穿兩樣攙雜的料子——這罪
(番 1:8)
的本質不在於穿羊毛和細麻布各一件的袍子，而在於兩種料子攙雜織成——這是古代偶像崇拜者所喜好的一種迷信
(參 利 19:19)。
英文原文
11. thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts--The essence of the crime
(Zep 1:8)
consisted, not in wearing a woollen and a linen robe, but in the two stuffs being woven together, according to a favorite superstition of ancient idolaters (see on
Le 19:19).
12
無標題
繁體中文
12. 你要在所披的外衣四圍做繸子——或按一些著名的聖經詮釋者所主張，作"披毯上的流蘇"。這條誡命與
民 15:38
並不相同。
英文原文
12. thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four quarters--or, according to some eminent biblical interpreters, tassels on the coverlet of the bed. The precept is not the same as
Nu 15:38.
13
無標題
繁體中文
13-30. 人若娶妻等——以下的條例在以色列人當時的處境中可能是迫切需要的；然而，我們不必過分好奇、冒失地去追問這些事。神將這些事記錄在案絕非不妥；相反，這些條例必更加提高我們對祂在治理如此頑梗、如此放縱情慾的百姓上所顯智慧和美善的讚嘆。若說本段及其他類似段落會敗壞人的想像力、並被心術不正的讀者濫用，就藉此反對聖經不是受神默示而寫的——這並不比說太陽不是神所創造的更為有理，因為其光可能被惡人濫用，作為實行其預謀罪行的工具〔HORNE〕。
英文原文
13-30. If a man take a wife, &c.--The regulations that follow might be imperatively needful in the then situation of the Israelites; and yet, it is not necessary that we should curiously and impertinently inquire into them. So far was it from being unworthy of God to leave such things upon record, that the enactments must heighten our admiration of His wisdom and goodness in the management of a people so perverse and so given to irregular passions. Nor is it a better argument that the Scriptures were not written by inspiration of God to object that this passage, and others of a like nature, tend to corrupt the imagination and will be abused by evil-disposed readers, than it is to say that the sun was not created by God, because its light may be abused by wicked men as an assistant in committing crimes which they have meditated [HORNE].
申 22:1-4.
當以仁慈待弟兄。
1. 你若看見弟兄的牛或羊失迷了路，不可掩面不顧等——"弟兄"是一個廣義詞，包括各樣的人；不僅是親屬、鄰舍、同胞，更是任何人——無論認識或不認識、是外人、甚至仇敵
(出 23:4)。
所教導的本分是一項普遍的公正和慈善之舉，這雖為自然律所教導，卻在神賜給祂百姓的律法中更清楚有力地吩咐。在所述情境中漠不關心或裝作不見，不僅是對啞巴牲畜的殘忍，更是對人類共同權利的侵犯；因此自然感受的指引，更不用說神聖律法的權威，都吩咐人當看顧別人遺失的財物，直到有合宜的機會歸還原主。