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De 23:1-25.
繁體中文
英文原文
De 23:1-25.
WHO MAY AND WHO MAY NOT ENTER INTO THE CONGREGATION.
1-3. He that is wounded . . ., shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord--"To enter into the congregation of the Lord" means either admission to public honors and offices in the Church and State of Israel, or, in the case of foreigners, incorporation with that nation by marriage. The rule was that strangers and foreigners, for fear of friendship or marriage connections with them leading the people into idolatry, were not admissible till their conversion to the Jewish faith. But this passage describes certain limitations of the general rule. The following parties were excluded from the full rights and privileges of citizenship: (1) Eunuchs--It was a very ancient practice for parents in the East by various arts to mutilate their children, with a view to training them for service in the houses of the great. (2) Bastards--Such an indelible stigma in both these instances was designed as a discouragement to practices that were disgraceful, but too common from intercourse with foreigners. (3) Ammonites and Moabites--Without provocation they had combined to engage a soothsayer to curse the Israelites; and had further endeavored, by ensnaring them into the guilt and licentious abominations of idolatry, to seduce them from their allegiance to God.
3
無標題
繁體中文
3. 直到第十代也必不可入耶和華的會——許多著名學者認為這排斥之律只適用於男性；無論如何，此處以確定的數目代表不確定的數目
(尼 13:1; 得 4:10; 王下 10:2)。
許多以色列人定居在約旦河東，緊鄰這些民族，神便在他們之間築起這道隔牆，以防不良交往帶來的後果。要以東人和埃及人得到更寬厚的對待——對前者，因他們與以色列的近親關係；對後者，因他們對雅各一家早年的款待，以及出埃及時個別埃及人向他們所施的諸多善舉
(出 12:36)。
以東或埃及歸化者的孫輩被宣告可享有與本國以色列人同等的完全公民權；借這一特別的規定，神以實際的功課教導祂的百姓，對特別的善行要心懷慷慨與感恩，而忘記從這兩個國家所受的一切逼迫和惡待。
英文原文
3. even to the their tenth generation shall they not enter--Many eminent writers think that this law of exclusion was applicable only to males; at all events that a definite is used for an indefinite number
(Ne 13:1; Ru 4:10; 2Ki 10:2).
Many of the Israelites being established on the east side of Jordan in the immediate neighborhood of those people, God raised this partition wall between them to prevent the consequences of evil communications. More favor was to be shown to Edomites and Egyptians--to the former from their near relationship to Israel; and to the latter, from their early hospitalities to the family of Jacob, as well as the many acts of kindness rendered them by private Egyptians at the Exodus
(Ex 12:36).
The grandchildren of Edomite or Egyptian proselytes were declared admissible to the full rights of citizenship as native Israelites; and by this remarkable provision, God taught His people a practical lesson of generosity and gratitude for special deeds of kindness, to the forgetfulness of all the persecution and ill services sustained from those two nations.
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繁體中文
9-14. 你出去與仇敵爭戰的時候，要遠避一切惡事——即遠避營中生活所易生的放縱，以及個人疏忽和不潔的習慣。
英文原文
9-14. When the host goeth forth against thine enemies, then keep thee from every wicked thing--from the excesses incident to camp life, as well as from habits of personal neglect and impurity.
15
無標題
繁體中文
15, 16. 奴僕若從他主人那裡逃奔到你那裡，你不可將他交付他的主人——顯然是迦南人或鄰近某民的奴僕，因暴虐的壓迫而逃亡，或為歸依真宗教的緣故而投奔以色列。
英文原文
15, 16. Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant which has escaped from his master unto thee--evidently a servant of the Canaanites or some of the neighboring people, who was driven by tyrannical oppression, or induced, with a view of embracing the true religion, to take refuge in Israel.
19
無標題
繁體中文
19, 20. 你借給弟兄……不可取利……借給外邦人可以取利——以色列人生活於簡樸的社會狀態中，因此受鼓勵以友好的方式彼此借貸，不存獲利之心。但對外邦人則不然——他們從事貿易商業，借貸是為擴充資本，支付借款利息原是合理的。再者，這一區別極有助於保持以色列人與世界其餘各國的分別。
英文原文
19, 20. Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother . . . Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury--The Israelites lived in a simple state of society, and hence they were encouraged to lend to each other in a friendly way without any hope of gain. But the case was different with foreigners, who, engaged in trade and commerce, borrowed to enlarge their capital, and might reasonably be expected to pay interest on their loans. Besides, the distinction was admirably conducive to keeping the Israelites separate from the rest of the world.
21
無標題
繁體中文
21, 22. 你向耶和華你的神許願——
(參 民 30:2)。
英文原文
21, 22. When thou shalt vow a vow--(See on
Nu 30:2).
24
無標題
繁體中文
24, 25. 你進了鄰舍的葡萄園，可以隨意吃飽了葡萄——葡萄園正如下一節所提的麥田
[申 23:25]，
往往沒有圍牆。在產葡萄的國家，葡萄極其廉價；因此我們不必驚訝——凡人伸手可及的範圍內都是自由的；所摘的數量對園主而言是從不覺得的損失，這是對窮人和行路者的仁厚特權。
英文原文
24, 25. When thou comest into thy neighbour's vineyard, then thou mayest eat grapes thy fill at thine own pleasure--Vineyards, like cornfields mentioned in the next verse
[De 23:25],
were often unenclosed. In vine-growing countries grapes are amazingly cheap; and we need not wonder, therefore, that all within reach of a person's arm, was free; the quantity plucked was a loss never felt by the proprietor, and it was a kindly privilege afforded to the poor and wayfaring man.
申 23:1-25.
誰可入會、誰不可入會。
1-3. 凡外腎受傷的……不可入耶和華的會——"入耶和華的會"或指在以色列的教會和國家中擔任公職與尊榮，或指外人借婚姻歸化於那國。規矩是：外人與外國人因恐怕與他們結交或通婚會引誘百姓陷入偶像崇拜，在歸信猶太教之前不得接納。但本段描述了這一般規矩的若干限制。下列各方被排除於完全公民權和特權之外：（1）太監——在東方，父母以各種手段殘害兒女以培訓其在富貴人家服役，是極古老的習俗。（2）私生子——這兩類身上如此不可磨滅的恥辱，是為了遏制那些可恥但因與外人交往而太普遍的行為。（3）亞捫人和摩押人——他們無端勾結，雇術士咒詛以色列人；並進一步設法以偶像崇拜的罪惡和淫亂可憎之事陷害他們，誘使他們背叛對神的忠誠。