1
De 24:1-22.
繁體中文
英文原文
De 24:1-22.
OF DIVORCES.
1-4. When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes--It appears that the practice of divorces was at this early period very prevalent amongst the Israelites, who had in all probability become familiar with it in Egypt [LANE]. The usage, being too deep-rooted to be soon or easily abolished, was tolerated by Moses
(Mt 19:8).
But it was accompanied under the law with two conditions, which were calculated greatly to prevent the evils incident to the permitted system; namely: (1) The act of divorcement was to be certified on a written document, the preparation of which, with legal formality, would afford time for reflection and repentance; and (2) In the event of the divorced wife being married to another husband, she could not, on the termination of that second marriage, be restored to her first husband, however desirous he might be to receive her.
5
無標題
繁體中文
5. 人若娶了新婦，不可出征——這條免役之律出於良好的政策，並有利於婚姻；因為它為新婚夫婦的感情得以更加牢固地扎根提供了充分的機會，並減少或消除了剛剛提到的離婚的機會。
英文原文
5. When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war--This law of exemption was founded on good policy and was favorable to matrimony, as it afforded a full opportunity for the affections of the newly married pair being more firmly rooted, and it diminished or removed occasions for the divorces just mentioned.
6
無標題
繁體中文
6. 不可拿人的全磨石或是上磨石作當頭——"上"石呈凹形，如蓋一般覆於"下"石之上；其上有一小孔，用以注入穀粒，並有一柄供轉動之用。這條律法的合宜之處，建立在每日清晨磨穀為食的習俗上。因此，構成手磨的兩石若缺其一，人便被奪去日常所需的食物。
英文原文
6. No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge--The "upper" stone being concave, covers the "nether" like a lid; and it has a small aperture, through which the corn is poured, as well as a handle by which it is turned. The propriety of the law was founded on the custom of grinding corn every morning for daily consumption. If either of the stones, therefore, which composed the handmill was wanting, a person would be deprived of his necessary provision.
7
無標題
繁體中文
7. 若遇見人拐帶以色列中的一個弟兄——
(參 出 21:16)。
英文原文
7. If a man be found stealing any of his brethren--(See
Ex 21:16).
8
無標題
繁體中文
8, 9. 在大痲瘋的災病上要謹慎——
(參 利 13-14)。
英文原文
8, 9. Take heed in the plague of leprosy--(See
Le 13:14).
10
無標題
繁體中文
10-13. 你借給鄰舍……不可進他家拿他的當頭——所建議的做法，是出於體貼和善意，顧惜借債人的感受。窮人若以衣服作當頭，要在日落前歸還，因為東方國家的窮人通常除了日間所穿的那件以外，別無其他可以蓋身入睡。
英文原文
10-13. When thou dost lend thy brother anything, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge--The course recommended was, in kind and considerate regard, to spare the borrower's feelings. In the case of a poor man who had pledged his cloak, it was to be restored before night, as the poor in Eastern countries have commonly no other covering for wrapping themselves in when they go to sleep than the garment they have worn during the day.
14
無標題
繁體中文
14, 15. 不可欺壓困苦貧乏的雇工——東方的雇工在每日完工時領薪；主人若欺詐工人應得的工錢，或錯誤地扣留一夜，可能使一個窮人及其全家受苦，因此是要避免的不義
(利 19:13)。
英文原文
14, 15. Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy--Hired servants in the East are paid at the close of the day; and for a master to defraud the laborer of his hire, or to withhold it wrongfully for a night, might have subjected a poor man with his family to suffering and was therefore an injustice to be avoided
(Le 19:13).
16
無標題
繁體中文
16-18. 不可因子殺父，也不可因父殺子——這條規則是為指導官長而設，確立了一個公平的原則：無人應為他人的罪負責。
英文原文
16-18. The fathers shall not be put to death for the children--The rule was addressed for the guidance of magistrates, and it established the equitable principle that none should be responsible for the crimes of others.
19
無標題
繁體中文
19-22. 你在田間收割莊稼的時候——穀物連根拔起或以鐮刀割下，紮成鬆散的禾捆；橄欖的果實是用長竿擊打枝條取得；葡萄串則以鉤子割下，由摘葡萄者用手收集。此處是對窮人的一項仁慈規定。田間每一捆被遺忘的禾捆都要留下；橄欖樹不可再打第二次；葡萄也不可盡摘——好讓客旅、孤兒和寡婦在拾取所遺之物的時候，心中因神的豐厚供應而歡喜。
英文原文
19-22. When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field--The grain, pulled up by the roots or cut down with a sickle, was laid in loose sheaves; the fruit of the olive was obtained by striking the branches with long poles; and the grape clusters, severed by a hook, were gathered in the hands of the vintager. Here is a beneficent provision for the poor. Every forgotten sheaf in the harvest-field was to lie; the olive tree was not to be beaten a second time; nor were grapes to be gathered, in order that, in collecting what remained, the hearts of the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow might be gladdened by the bounty of Providence.
申 24:1-22.
論休妻。
1-4. 人娶妻以後，見她有什麼不合理的事——看來休妻的習俗在那早期就在以色列人中間相當盛行，他們很可能是從埃及熟悉了這一習俗〔LANE〕。這習俗根深蒂固，無法很快或輕易廢除，摩西便予以容忍
(太 19:8)。
但律法之下附有兩項條件，旨在大大防止這被允許的制度所伴生的弊端：（1）休妻的行為要以書面文件證明，其預備連同法律手續會給予反省和悔改的時間；（2）若被休之妻嫁給別人，那第二次婚姻結束後，她不能再回到前夫那裡，無論前夫多麼渴望接納她。