1
Job 41:1-34.
繁體中文
英文原文
Job 41:1-34.
1. leviathan--literally, "the twisted animal," gathering itself in folds: a synonym to the Thannin
(Job 3:8,
Margin; see
Ps 74:14;
type of the Egyptian tyrant;
Ps 104:26; Isa 27:1;
the Babylon tyrant). A poetical generalization for all cetacean, serpentine, and saurian monsters (see on
Job 40:15,
hence all the description applies to no one animal); especially the crocodile; which is naturally described after the river horse, as both are found in the Nile.
tongue . . . lettest down?--The crocodile has no tongue, or a very small one cleaving to the lower jaw. But as in fishing the tongue of the fish draws the baited hook to it, God asks, Canst thou in like manner take leviathan?
2
無標題
繁體中文
2. 鈎——更當譯作「燈草繩」。
荊棘——更當譯作「環」或「鈎」。野獸被捕後就是這樣被牽著走的（賽37:29；結29:4）；魚也是這樣被拴住，拋入水中以保存活。
英文原文
2. hook--rather, "a rope of rushes."
thorn--rather, a "ring" or "hook." So wild beasts were led about when caught
(Isa 37:29; Eze 29:4);
fishes also were secured thus and thrown into the water to keep them alive.
3
無標題
繁體中文
3. 柔和的話——使你可以饒牠的性命。不，牠是不可馴服的。
英文原文
3. soft words--that thou mayest spare his life. No: he is untamable.
4
無標題
繁體中文
4. 牠能被馴服作家用嗎（如伯39:10-12所言）？
英文原文
4. Can he be tamed for domestic use (so
Job 39:10-12)?
5
無標題
繁體中文
5. 當雀鳥？——即被馴服的。
英文原文
5. a bird?--that is, tamed.
6
無標題
繁體中文
6. 更當譯作：「夥伴」（即捕魚的合夥人）。
擺設筵席——平行體更支持翁布賴特（UMBREIT）的譯法：「夥伴（貿易上的）豈願購買牠嗎？」希伯來文也是如此（申2:6）。
客商——直譯為「迦南人」，他們是大商人（何12:7邊註）。
英文原文
6. Rather, "partners" (namely, in fishing).
make a banquet--The parallelism rather supports UMBREIT, "Do partners (in trade) desire to purchase him?" So the Hebrew
(De 2:6).
merchants--literally, "Canaanites," who were great merchants
(Ho 12:7,
Margin).
7
無標題
繁體中文
7. 牠的皮不像魚皮那樣可被穿透。
英文原文
7. His hide is not penetrable, as that of fishes.
8
無標題
繁體中文
8. 你若按手……你就永遠有理由記念……而你必不再試第二次。
英文原文
8. If thou lay . . . thou wilt have reason ever to remember . . . and thou wilt never try it again.
9
無標題
繁體中文
9. 盼望——指捉拿牠的指望。
壓下——因「（僅僅）看見牠」而恐懼。
英文原文
9. the hope--of taking him.
cast down--with fear "at the (mere) sight of him."
10
無標題
繁體中文
10. 兇猛——勇猛。人若敢攻擊我所造的一個受造物（創49:9；民24:9），誰還敢（如約伯所願的那樣）與我這位創造主為敵（詩2:2）呢？這便是描述鱷魚的主要用意所在。
英文原文
10. fierce--courageous. If a man dare attack one of My creatures
(Ge 49:9; Nu 24:9),
who will dare (as Job has wished) oppose himself
(Ps 2:2)
to Me, the Creator? This is the main drift of the description of leviathan.
11
無標題
繁體中文
11. 在先——先對我施恩：在我以先以服事來迎接我（詩21:3）。
無人能指責我（「在我面前站立」，伯41:10）為不義，因為我（如約伯的情況）收回了所賜的恩；因為無人曾以賜予我並非我所有之物而使我負有在先的義務。
對那位擁有一切——包括人自己——的神，人能賜下甚麼呢？人尚且不能使受造物作他的「僕人」（伯41:4），更何況是造物主。
英文原文
11. prevented--done Me a favor first: anticipated Me with service
(Ps 21:3).
None can call Me to account ("stand before Me,"
Job 41:10)
as unjust, because I have withdrawn favors from him (as in Job's case): for none has laid Me under a prior obligation by conferring on Me something which was not already My own. What can man give to Him who possesses all, including man himself? Man cannot constrain the creature to be his "servant"
(Job 41:4),
much less the Creator.
12
無標題
繁體中文
12. 我不隱瞞——恢復先前因離題而中斷的描述，那段離題形成了一個宜人的變化。
他的能力——字面作「道路」，即他力量的真實比例或表現（希伯來文如此，申19:4）。
美的外貌——字面作「他結構的秀美」（他的裝備：如「一套衣裳」士17:10）〔毛雷爾，MAURER〕。翁布賴特（UMBREIT）譯作「他的軍裝」。但那是後文才出現的。
英文原文
12. I will not conceal--a resumption of the description broken off by the digression, which formed an agreeable change.
his power--literally, "the way," that is, true proportion or expression of his strength (so Hebrew,
De 19:4).
comely proportion--literally, "the comeliness of his structure" (his apparatus: so "suit of apparel"
Jud 17:10)
[MAURER]. UMBREIT translates, "his armor." But that follows after.
13
無標題
繁體中文
13. 開……——較宜作「揭開他外衣（皮膚，
伯10:11）
的表面」——剝去那覆蓋內層皮膚的堅硬外層。
用——較宜作「在他雙顎之內」；字面作「嚼環」；故即嚼環所在之處，那雙排牙齒；但用「嚼環」一詞，是要暗示無人敢伸手把嚼環放進去——在別的動物身上這本是放置嚼環之處
（伯41:4；39:10）。
英文原文
13. discover--rather, "uncover the surface" of his garment (skin,
Job 10:11):
strip off the hard outer coat with which the inner skin is covered.
with--rather, "within his double jaws"; literally, "bridle"; hence that into which the bridle is put, the double row of teeth; but "bridle" is used to imply that none dare put his hand in to insert a bridle where in other animals it is placed
(Job 41:4; 39:10).
14
無標題
繁體中文
14. 面的門——即他的口。他的牙齒共六十顆，與身體相比顯得特大，有的突出，有的呈鋸齒狀，彼此相嵌如梳〔博查特，BOCHART〕。
英文原文
14. doors of . . . face--his mouth. His teeth are sixty in number, larger in proportion than his body, some standing out, some serrated, fitting into each other like a comb [BOCHART].
15
無標題
繁體中文
15. 較宜作：他「槛紋般的盾牌」（如「管子」、「溝道」，見
伯40:18
註解），等等，即一排排如盾牌的鱗片覆蓋著他：這樣的鱗排有十七行。
緊密——緊緊地閉合在一起。除了眼睛、喉嚨和腹部之外，火槍的彈丸不能穿透他。
英文原文
15. Rather, his "furrows of shields" (as "tubes," "channels," see on
Job 40:18),
are, &c., that is, the rows of scales, like shields covering him: he has seventeen such rows.
shut up--firmly closed together. A musket ball cannot penetrate him, save in the eye, throat, and belly.
18
無標題
繁體中文
18. 譯作：「他打噴嚏發出光」。兩棲動物長久在水下閉氣之後浮出水面，會猛烈地呼出氣，如同打噴嚏一般；在這過程中，平時朝向太陽的眼睛似乎會噴出火光；或者，是呼出的氣在陽光下似乎發出光芒。
早晨的眼皮——埃及象形文字以鱷魚的眼睛作為早晨的象徵，因為眼睛是最先出現的，在整個身體從深處浮出之前〔《象形文字時辰》1.65，博查特，BOCHART〕。
英文原文
18. Translate: "his sneezing, causeth a light to shine." Amphibious animals, emerging after having long held their breath under water, respire by violently expelling the breath like one sneezing: in the effort the eyes which are usually directed towards the sun, seem to flash fire; or it is the expelled breath that, in the sun, seems to emit light.
eyelids of morning--The Egyptian hieroglyphics paint the eyes of the crocodile as the symbol for morning, because the eyes appear the first thing, before the whole body emerges from the deep [Horæ Hierogliphicæ 1.65. BOCHART].
19
無標題
繁體中文
19. 燃燒的燈——「火把」；即呼吸時
（伯41:18）
似乎噴出。
英文原文
19. burning lamps--"torches"; namely, in respiring
(Job 41:18),
seem to go out.
20
無標題
繁體中文
20. 沸騰——滾沸：字面作「在底下吹」，底下有火在吹。
英文原文
20. seething--boiling: literally, "blown under," under which a fire is blown.
21
無標題
繁體中文
21. 點燃炭火——詩意的意象
（詩18:8）。
英文原文
21. kindleth coals--poetical imagery
(Ps 18:8).
22
無標題
繁體中文
22. 存留——永久存留。他的主要力量在頸部。
憂慮——被擬人化的焦慮或驚惶。
變作喜樂——較宜作「跳躍」、「歡呼」；他無論往哪裏去，都在他「前面」散佈恐怖。
英文原文
22. remaineth--abideth permanently. His chief strength is in the neck.
sorrow--anxiety or dismay personified.
is turned into joy--rather, "danceth," "exulteth"; wherever he goes, he spreads terror "before him."
23
無標題
繁體中文
23. 厚肉塊——較宜作「垂肉」；即垂下來之物（旁註）。它們緊緊地相連，不像牛那樣鬆垂。
緊密——翁佈雷特與毛雷爾（UMBREIT and MAURER）作「伸展」。
在己身——較宜作「在他上面」。
英文原文
23. flakes--rather, "dewlaps"; that which falls down (Margin). They are "joined" fast and firm, together, not hanging loose, as in the ox.
are firm--UMBREIT and MAURER, "are spread."
in themselves--rather, "upon him."
24
無標題
繁體中文
24. 心——「在感覺較遲鈍的大型動物中，心極為堅硬，動作也較慢」〔博查特，BOCHART〕。下磨石——上面的磨石在其上轉動——尤為堅硬。
英文原文
24. heart--"In large beasts which are less acute in feeling, there is great firmness of the heart, and slower motion" [BOCHART]. The nether millstone, on which the upper turns, is especially hard.
25
無標題
繁體中文
25. 他——鱷魚；是造物主在怒中興起時所激發之敬畏的預表。
驚恐——即心的破碎，即恐怖。
自潔——較宜作「他們偏離道路」，即驚惶地逃走〔毛雷爾與翁佈雷特，MAURER and UMBREIT〕。
英文原文
25. he--the crocodile; a type of the awe which the Creator inspires when He rises in wrath.
breakings--namely, of the mind, that is, terror.
purify themselves--rather, "they wander from the way," that is, flee away bewildered [MAURER and UMBREIT].
26
無標題
繁體中文
26. 不能刺入——因他堅硬的皮。
鎖子甲——鎧甲；無效一詞必須以軛式修辭（zeugma）從第二子句的動詞「刺入」中借用：「刺入」不能適用於「鎧甲」。
英文原文
26. cannot hold--on his hard skin.
habergeon--coat of mail; avail must be taken by zeugma out of "hold," as the verb in the second clause: "hold" cannot apply to the "coat of mail."
27
無標題
繁體中文
27. 鐵……銅——即武器。
英文原文
27. iron . . . brass--namely, weapons.
28
無標題
繁體中文
28. 箭——字面作「弓之子」；東方意象
（哀3:13，
邊註）。
碎稾——箭對他不起作用，如同向他拋擲碎稾一般。
英文原文
28. arrow--literally, "son of the bow"; Oriental imagery
(La 3:13;
Margin).
stubble--Arrows produce no more effect than it would to throw stubble at him.
29
無標題
繁體中文
29. 矛——更佳作：「棍棒」；矛已經在前面提過
（伯41:26）。
英文原文
29. Darts--rather, "clubs"; darts have been already mentioned
(Job 41:26).
30
無標題
繁體中文
30. 石頭——更佳作：「碎瓦片」，即腹部上尖銳的鱗片，如同破碎的陶器。
尖銳之物——更佳作：「打穀器具」，但不是在地的出產上，而是「在泥濘之上」；這是諷刺。當牠臥在泥濘上，鱗片的印痕如此深印其中，令人以為是帶着尖齒的打穀器具從其上拖過
（賽28:27）。
英文原文
30. stones--rather, "potsherds," that is, the sharp and pointed scales on the belly, like broken pieces of pottery.
sharp-pointed things--rather, "a threshing instrument," but not on the fruits of the earth, but "on the mire"; irony. When he lies on the mire, he leaves the marks of his scales so imprinted on it, that one might fancy a threshing instrument with its sharp teeth had been drawn over it
(Isa 28:27).
31
無標題
繁體中文
31. 每當牠動作的時候。
海——即尼羅河
（賽19:5；
鴻3:8）。
膏油之甕——調和膏油的器皿。這正適用於鱷魚，因牠散發麝香般的氣味。
英文原文
31. Whenever he moves.
sea--the Nile
(Isa 19:5; Na 3:8).
pot of ointment--the vessel in which it is mixed. Appropriate to the crocodile, which emits a musky smell.
32
無標題
繁體中文
32. 軌跡——指牠所經之處留下的泡沫。
灰白——如同老人的頭髮。
英文原文
32. path--the foam on his track.
hoary--as hair of the aged.
33
無標題
繁體中文
33. 誰——因他是這樣的一位，等等。
英文原文
33. who--being one who, &c.
34
無標題
繁體中文
34. 觀看——以居高臨下之姿。
驕傲之子——即驕傲凶猛的野獸。參
伯28:8；
希伯來文作「驕傲之子」。使人的驕傲謙卑下來，並教導人完全順服，正是耶和華這番話以及本書的主旨；因此祂論到鱷魚——這位神在受造界中統治權的象徵——以此作為結束。
英文原文
34. beholdeth--as their superior.
children of pride--the proud and fierce beasts. So
Job 28:8;
Hebrew, "sons of pride." To humble the pride of man and to teach implicit submission, is the aim of Jehovah's speech and of the book; therefore with this as to leviathan, the type of God in His lordship over creation, He closes.
伯41:1-34.
1. 鱷魚——直譯為「那盤繞扭蜷的動物」，將自己收攏成褶皺狀：是坦寧（Thannin）的同義詞（伯3:8邊註；見詩74:14；是埃及暴君的預表；詩104:26；賽27:1；巴比倫暴君）。這是對一切鯨類、蛇類和蜥蜴類怪獸的詩意概括（見伯40:15的註解，因此全部描述不適用於任何單一動物）；尤其是鱷魚；鱷魚自然緊接著河馬之後被描述，因為兩者都出沒於尼羅河中。
舌頭……拉下來？——鱷魚沒有舌頭，或者只有一個很小、緊貼下顎的舌頭。但正如釣魚時魚的舌頭將帶餌的鉤牽引過來那樣，神問：你能否照樣擒拿鱷魚？