1
Le 17:1-16.
繁體中文
英文原文
Le 17:1-16.
BLOOD OF BEASTS MUST BE OFFERED AT THE TABERNACLE DOOR.
3
無標題
繁體中文
3, 4. 凡……宰公牛——以色列人如同其他住在曠野的人一樣，不會多用肉食；他們宰羊或山羊為食時，幾乎總是像亞伯拉罕款待天使那樣
[Ge 18:7]，
是一個設宴的場合，要與人同吃。這正是平安祭所作的，因此此處規定，宰殺牲畜當循與那些祭物相同的程序，即：當公開宰殺，在歸給神之後，由獻祭者食用。這條律法顯然只在百姓在距會幕可及的範圍內紮營的曠野時期才可遵守。其原因在於以色列人離開埃及之時對偶像崇拜的強烈嗜好；由於任何人都可以藉宰殺一頭牲畜而私下向他喜愛的敬拜對象獻祭，故嚴嚴禁止他們在家中宰殺。（參
De 12:15 的註釋）。
英文原文
3, 4. What man . . . killeth an ox--The Israelites, like other people living in the desert, would not make much use of animal food; and when they did kill a lamb or a kid for food, it would almost always be, as in Abraham's entertainment of the angels
[Ge 18:7],
an occasion of a feast, to be eaten in company. This was what was done with the peace offerings, and accordingly it is here enacted, that the same course shall be followed in slaughtering the animals as in the case of those offerings, namely, that they should be killed publicly, and after being devoted to God, partaken of by the offerers. This law, it is obvious, could only be observable in the wilderness while the people were encamped within an accessible distance from the tabernacle. The reason for it is to be found in the strong addictedness of the Israelites to idolatry at the time of their departure from Egypt; and as it would have been easy for any by killing an animal to sacrifice privately to a favorite object of worship, a strict prohibition was made against their slaughtering at home. (See on
De 12:15).
5
無標題
繁體中文
5. 這是要使以色列人把他們的供物，就是他們在田野獻的——有些註釋家認為「他們」指埃及人，因此本節當如此讀：「以色列人要把他們的供物帶來，就是他們（埃及人）在田野所獻的」。這條律法被認為是針對那些因埃及的習慣而效法這種偶像崇拜行為的人。
英文原文
5. To the end that the children of Israel may bring their sacrifices, which they offer in the open field--"They" is supposed by some commentators to refer to the Egyptians, so that the verse will stand thus: "the children of Israel may bring their sacrifices which they (the Egyptians) offer in the open field." The law is thought to have been directed against those whose Egyptian habits led them to imitate this idolatrous practice.
7
無標題
繁體中文
7. 他們不可再獻祭給鬼魔——字面作「山羊」。這禁令顯然是指對分蹄走獸之神的敬拜，如潘、法努斯和撒頓，其公認的表記就是山羊。這是埃及人熱衷奉行的一種偶像崇拜，尤其是在門得斯省。潘被認為特別掌管山區和沙漠地帶，而以色列人正是在曠野時，似乎深受一種要討好這偶像的意念所影響。再者，這偶像崇拜中所行的儀式極其淫穢污濁，這些禮儀的粗鄙不潔，使摩西「他們行了淫亂」的話極有力、極有意義。
英文原文
7. they shall no more offer their sacrifices unto devils--literally, "goats." The prohibition evidently alludes to the worship of the hirei-footed kind, such as Pan, Faunus, and Saturn, whose recognized symbol was a goat. This was a form of idolatry enthusiastically practised by the Egyptians, particularly in the nome or province of Mendes. Pan was supposed especially to preside over mountainous and desert regions, and it was while they were in the wilderness that the Israelites seem to have been powerfully influenced by a feeling to propitiate this idol. Moreover, the ceremonies observed in this idolatrous worship were extremely licentious and obscene, and the gross impurity of the rites gives great point and significance to the expression of Moses, "they have gone a-whoring."
8
無標題
繁體中文
8, 9. 凡人……獻……卻不帶到會幕門口——律法頒佈之前，人在任何喜歡的地方或紮營之處敬拜。但那事件之後，宗教的禮儀只能在指定的敬拜之處才能蒙悅納地舉行。這對地點的限制是防止偶像崇拜所必需的；因它禁止以色列人在遠方時，前去異教的祭壇——那些祭壇通常設在樹林或田野中。
英文原文
8, 9. Whatsoever man . . . offereth . . . And bringeth it not unto the door of the tabernacle--Before the promulgation of the law, men worshipped wherever they pleased or pitched their tents. But after that event the rites of religion could be acceptably performed only at the appointed place of worship. This restriction with respect to place was necessary as a preventive of idolatry; for it prohibited the Israelites, when at a distance, from repairing to the altars of the heathen, which were commonly in groves or fields.
10
無標題
繁體中文
10. 凡吃血的，我必向他變臉，把他從民中剪除——聖經中神的臉常指他的怒氣
(Ps 34:16; Re 6:16; Eze 38:18)。
神向這樣的犯罪者變臉的方式是：若罪行公開且為人所知，他便被判死刑；若是隱秘的，報應必追上他。（參
Ge 9:4 的註釋）。
但這律法所針對的行為是一種偶像崇拜的儀式。撒畢派，即敬拜天象者，在獻牲畜為祭時，慣於傾出血並在傾血之處吃一部分肉（有時連血也吃），相信藉此可在敬拜者與神祇之間締結友誼、兄弟之情與親密關係。他們還相信血對於使他們在夢中得見鬼魔的顯現、並得著未來之事的啟示，極為有益。禁戒吃血的律法，從這歷史性的註解來看、並與其特殊措辭分開來看，似乎是針對偶像崇拜的行為，這從
Eze 33:25, 26; 1Co 10:20, 21
更為明顯。
英文原文
10. I will even set my face against that soul that eateth blood, and will cut him off from among his people--The face of God is often used in Scripture to denote His anger
(Ps 34:16; Re 6:16; Eze 38:18).
The manner in which God's face would be set against such an offender was, that if the crime were public and known, he was condemned to death; if it were secret, vengeance would overtake him. (See on
Ge 9:4).
But the practice against which the law is here pointed was an idolatrous rite. The Zabians, or worshippers of the heavenly host, were accustomed, in sacrificing animals, to pour out the blood and eat a part of the flesh at the place where the blood was poured out (and sometimes the blood itself) believing that by means of it, friendship, brotherhood, and familiarity were contracted between the worshippers and the deities. They, moreover, supposed that the blood was very beneficial in obtaining for them a vision of the demon during their sleep, and a revelation of future events. The prohibition against eating blood, viewed in the light of this historic commentary and unconnected with the peculiar terms in which it is expressed, seems to have been levelled against idolatrous practices, as is still further evident from
Eze 33:25, 26; 1Co 10:20, 21.
11
無標題
繁體中文
11. 活物的生命是在血中，我把這血賜給你們，可以在壇上為你們的靈魂贖罪——神作為自然的主宰和擁有者，將血保留給自己，只允許人以一種方式使用——就是獻祭。
英文原文
11. the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls--God, as the sovereign author and proprietor of nature, reserved the blood to Himself and allowed men only one use of it--in the way of sacrifices.
13
無標題
繁體中文
13, 14. 凡……打獵——異教的獵人在獵殺獵物或野味時，慣於將血傾出作為對獵神的奠祭。相反，以色列人受吩咐不可任血暴露在外，要用土蓋上，這樣便有效地禁止了異教對血的一切迷信用途。
英文原文
13, 14. whatsoever man . . . hunteth--It was customary with heathen sportsmen, when they killed any game or venison, to pour out the blood as a libation to the god of the chase. The Israelites, on the contrary, were enjoined, instead of leaving it exposed, to cover it with dust and, by this means, were effectually debarred from all the superstitious uses to which the heathen applied it.
15
無標題
繁體中文
15, 16. 凡吃自死的
(Ex 22:31; Le 7:24; Ac 15:20)，
必不潔到晚上——即從他發現自己的過錯之時直到晚上。然而這條律法只約束以色列人。（參
De 14:21）。
英文原文
15, 16. every soul that eateth that which died of itself
(Ex 22:31; Le 7:24; Ac 15:20),
be unclean until the even--that is, from the moment of his discovering his fault until the evening. This law, however, was binding only on an Israelite. (See
De 14:21).
Le 17:1-16.
牲畜的血必須獻在會幕門口