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日本語
英文原文
We have here an account of the business of the Levites. That tribe had made but a very small figure all the time of the judges, till Eli and Samuel appeared. But when David revived religion the Levites were, of all men, in the greatest reputation. And happy it was that they had Levites who were men of sense, fit to support the honour of their tribe. We have here an account, I. Of the Levites that were appointed to be porters, 1Ch 26:1-19. II. Of those that were appointed to be treasurers and storekeepers, 1Ch 26:20-28. III. Of those that were officers and judges in the country, and were entrusted with the administration of public affairs, 1Ch 26:29-32.
1-32
The Officers of the Levites (b c Date)
日本語
レビ人の役人たち（紀元前）
¹ 門衛の組分けについて。コラ人のうち、アサフの子らのうち、コレの子メシェレミヤ。
² メシェレミヤの子らは、長子ゼカリヤ、次エディアエル、三ゼバデヤ、四ヤトニエル、
³ 五エラム、六エホハナン、七エリオエナイ。
⁴ さらにオベデ・エドムの子ら。長子シェマヤ、次エホザバデ、三ヨア、四サカル、五ネタヌエル、
⁵ 六アミエル、七イッサカル、八ペウルテ。神が彼を祝福されたからである。
⁶ またその子シェマヤには子らが生まれた。その父祖の家全体を治めた。彼らは大いなる勇士であったから。
⁷ シェマヤの子らはオトニ、レファエル、オベデ、エルザバデ。その兄弟たちは強い者、エリフ、セマフヤ。
⁸ これらは皆オベデ・エドムの子らによる。彼らとその子らとその兄弟たち、奉仕のために力ある者は六十二人。オベデ・エドムによる。
⁹ メシェレミヤには子らと兄弟たちがいた。強い者十八人。
¹⁰ またメラリの子らのうちホサには子らがいた。かしらはシムリ。（彼は長子ではなかったが、その父が彼をかしらとした。）
¹¹ 次はヒルキヤ、三はテバリヤ、四はゼカリヤ。ホサのすべての子らと兄弟たちは十三人。
¹² これらの中に門衛の組があった。かしらの者たちの中に。主の家に奉仕するために、互いに向かって持ち場を持って。
¹³ 彼らはその父祖の家に従って、それぞれの門のために、小さい者も大きい者も同様にくじを引いた。
¹⁴ 東のくじはシェレミヤに落ちた。その子ゼカリヤ、知恵ある助言者についてくじを引いた。そのくじは北に出た。
¹⁵ オベデ・エドムに南。その子らにアスピムの家。
¹⁶ シュピムとホサに西。シャレケテの門と共に。上りの道によって。組に向かって組。
¹⁷ 東にレビ人六人、北に日ごとに四人、南に日ごとに四人、アスピムに向かって二つずつ。
¹⁸ 西のパルバルに、道に四人、パルバルに二人。
¹⁹ これらはコレの子らの中、メラリの子らの中の門衛の組分けである。
観察せよ。
I. 神殿に仕えるために門衛が任命された。彼らはそれに通じるすべての通路を守り、すべての外門を開け閉めし、そこに仕えた。威厳のためだけでなく、奉仕のために。聖所の中庭で礼拝しようとする者に守るべき儀礼を指示し、教えるため。臆病な者を励まし、見知らぬ人と汚れた者を送り返し、盗人や神の家の敵に対して守るため。この務めになぞらえて、奉仕者は天の御国の鍵を委ねられていると言われる（Mt 16:19）。キリストの律法に従って受け入れ、排除するために。
II. この奉仕に召された者のいく人かについて、彼らが大いなる勇士（1Ch 26:6）、強い者（1Ch 26:7）、力ある者（1Ch 26:8）であり、その一人が知恵ある助言者（1Ch 26:14）であったことが注目される。おそらく彼は執事の務めをよく果たし、並外れた知恵の証拠を示した時、良い位を得て、門から評議会に昇進した（1Ti 3:13）。体の強さ、心の勇気と決断にすぐれる者は、彼らに割り当てられた持ち場に適格であった。神が人を召される奉仕にはすべて、神は彼らを適格に見出すか、適格にされるから。
III. オベデ・エドムの子らがこの務めに用いられた。その家族の六十二人。彼は畏敬と喜びをもって箱を迎えた者である。そして彼がそのためにどのように報いられたかを見よ。
1. 彼には八人の子があった（1Ch 26:5）。*神が彼を祝福されたから。*家族の増加と築き上げは神の祝福による。そしてこれらのように神の奉仕に適格で、その中で名高い多くの子を持つことは、家族にとって大いなる祝福である。
2. その子らは聖所の信頼される地位に優先された。彼らは自らの家で忠実に箱に仕えた。そして今、神の家でそれに仕えるよう召された。小さな事に忠実な者は、より多くを任される。自らの天幕で神の定めを守る者は、神の幕屋でその保管に適している（1Ti 3:4,5）。私はあなたのおきてを守りましたとダビデは言う。そして私はこれを持った。あなたの戒めを守ったからです（Ps 119:55,56）。
IV. ここに一人について、彼は長子ではなかったが、その父が彼をかしらとした（1Ch 26:10）と言われる。彼が非常に優れていたからか、あるいは年上の子が非常に弱かったからか。彼はかしらとされた。おそらく財産の相続においてではなく（それは律法によって禁じられていた。De 21:16,17）。しかしこの個人の資格を必要とする奉仕において。
V. 門衛は歌う者と同様に、くじによって持ち場を割り当てられた。ある門にこれだけ、ある門にこれだけ。各自がその持ち場を知り、それを守るように（1Ch 26:13）。彼らが二十四の組に分けられたとは言われない。しかしここに約二十四の名（1Ch 26:1-11）があり、割り当てられた持ち場は二十四（1Ch 26:17,18）。それゆえ彼らは同じ数の組に配分されたと考える理由がある。神の家に住む者は幸いである。彼らはよく養われ、よく教えられ、よく用いられ、よく守られるから。人が神殿の門に仕えたが、御使いたちは新しいエルサレムの門に仕える（Re 21:12）。
²⁰ レビ人のうち、アヒヤは神の家の財宝と、献げ物の財宝の上にあった。
²¹ ラダンの子らについて。ゲルション人ラダンの子ら、すなわちゲルション人ラダンの父祖のかしらはエヒエリ。
²² エヒエリの子ら。ゼタムとその兄弟ヨエル。主の家の財宝の上にあった。
²³ アムラム人、イツハル人、ヘブロン人、ウジエル人について。
²⁴ モーセの子ゲルショムの子シュアエルは財宝の支配者であった。
²⁵ その兄弟エリエゼルによる。その子レハビヤ、その子イシャヤ、その子ヨラム、その子ジフリ、その子シェロミテ。
²⁶ このシェロミテとその兄弟たちは、献げ物のすべての財宝の上にあった。ダビデ王と父祖のかしらたち、千人百人の隊長たち、軍勢の隊長たちが献げたもの。
²⁷ 彼らは戦いで勝ち取った略奪品から、主の家を維持するために献げた。
²⁸ 先見者サムエル、キシの子サウル、ネルの子アブネル、ゼルヤの子ヨアブが献げたすべてのもの。そしてだれでも何かを献げた者は、シェロミテとその兄弟たちの手の下にあった。
観察せよ。
1. 神の家の財宝があった。大きな家はあらゆる種類の備えの蓄えなしにはよく保てない。祭壇のために毎日多くが費やされた。小麦粉、ぶどう酒、油、塩、燃料のほかにともし火。これらの大量のものがあらかじめ保たれなければならなかった。神聖な衣服や器具のほかに。これらが神の家の財宝であった。そして金銭はすべての事に答えるので、疑いなく彼らはそれを豊かに持っていた。民のささげ物から受け取り、必要なものを買い入れた。そしておそらく非常時に備えて多くがたくわえられた。これらの財宝は、私たちの天の父の家にある豊かさの型であった。十分であり、余りがある。まことの神殿であるキリストの中には知恵と知識の宝が隠され、探り尽くせない富がある。
2. 献げ物の財宝があった。ほとんどは戦いで勝ち取った略奪品から（1Ch 26:27）。神の守りへの感謝の応答として。アブラハムはメルキゼデクに略奪品の十分の一を与えた（Heb 7:4）。モーセの時代、軍の将校は勝利して帰る時、その略奪品から主へのささげ物を持って来た（Nu 31:50）。近頃この敬虔な習慣は復興していた。サムエルとダビデだけでなく、サウル、アブネル、ヨアブもその略奪品を神の家の誉れと支持のために献げた（1Ch 26:28）。注意せよ、神が私たちに与えられるほど多く、神は私たちから信心と慈善のわざにおいて多くを期待される。大いなる成功は比例した返礼を求める。私たちがその財産を見渡す時、考えるべきである。「ここに便利なもの、富んだもの、そしておそらく立派なものがある。しかし献げ物はどこにあるのか」と。戦士はその略奪品をもって神をほめたたえなければならない。
3. これらの財宝には会計があった。その上にある者たち（1Ch 26:20,26）。その務めはそれらを守ることであった。虫もさびもそれらを損なわず、盗人が押し入って盗まないように。機会あるごとに与え出し、それらが浪費されたり、着服されたり、一般の用に転用されたりしないように見守るために。そしておそらく彼らは持ち込まれたすべての事とそれがどのように用いられたかの記録を保った。
²⁹ イツハル人のうち、ケナヌヤとその子らはイスラエルの外の業務のために、つかさとさばきつかさとして。
³⁰ ヘブロン人のうち、ハシャビヤとその兄弟たち、勇士千七百人は、ヨルダン以西のイスラエルの中で、主のすべての業務と王の奉仕においてつかさであった。
³¹ ヘブロン人のうち、エリヤはかしらであった。その父祖の世代に従ってヘブロン人のうちで。ダビデの治世の第四十年に彼らは尋ねられ、ギルアデのヤゼルで彼らの中に勇士が見出された。
³² その兄弟たち、勇士二千七百人の父祖のかしら。ダビデ王は彼らをルベン人、ガド人、マナセの半部族の上に、神に関するすべての事と王の事務のために支配者とした。
神の家のすべての務めがレビ人でよく備えられた。ここに外の業務においてつかさとさばきつかさとして用いられた者たちの記録がある。これは神殿自身のためにも疎かにしてはならない。行政は教会の良さのための神の定めであり、牧師職と同様に真実である。
ここで告げられる。
1. レビ人は各部族のつかさや長老と共同で正義の行政に用いられた。彼らはレビ人ほど律法をよく知らないと考えられたから。レビ人はそれを学ぶを業としていたから。聖所の奉仕に用いられたレビ人、歌う者や門衆はだれもこの外の業務に関与しなかった。一つで十分で全人を従事させるか、両方を引き受けるのは僭越であった。
2. 彼らの任務は主のすべての業務と王の奉仕の両方であった（1Ch 26:30、また1Ch 26:32）。彼らは国の事務を管理した。教会の事務も民政も。神の十分の一と王の税金の両方に配慮し、神とその誉れに直接対する罪と、政府と公共の平和に対する罪を罰し、偶像礼拝と不正の両方に対して守り、両方に対する律法の執行に配慮した。ある者はおそらく宗教の事務に、他の者は世俗の事務に向いた。そしてこのように、両者の間で、神と王はよく仕えられた。国の民政と聖なる利益がこのように組み合わされ、共に心にかけられ、進められる時、王国は幸いである。
3. ヨルダンの向こう側の二部族半と共にさばきとして用いられたレビ人は、他のすべての部族と共に用いられた者よりも多かった。2700人。一方ヨルダン西側には1700人（1Ch 26:30,32）。おそらくそれら遠い部族は自らのさばきつかさが他ほどよく備わっていなかったか、あるいはエルサレムから最も遠く、隣接する国民の国境にあったため、偶像礼拝に感染する危険が最も多く、それを防ぐためのレビ人の助けを最も必要としたから。国境はよく守られなければならない。
4. これはダビデの治世の第四十年（1Ch 26:31）、すなわちその治世の最後の年になされたと言われる（これまでの確立と同様）。日が近づくのを見ることができるほど、いっそう勤勉に善を行うべきである。もし私たちがその労苦の実を楽しむまで生きるなら、後に来る者にそれを惜しまないようにしよう。
英文原文
The Officers of the Levites (b c Date)
¹ Concerning the divisions of the porters: Of the Korhites was Meshelemiah the son of Kore, of the sons of Asaph.
² And the sons of Meshelemiah were, Zechariah the firstborn, Jediael the second, Zebadiah the third, Jathniel the fourth,
³ Elam the fifth, Jehohanan the sixth, Elioenai the seventh.
⁴ Moreover the sons of Obed-edom were, Shemaiah the firstborn, Jehozabad the second, Joah the third, and Sacar the fourth, and Nethaneel the fifth,
⁵ Ammiel the sixth, Issachar the seventh, Peulthai the eighth: for God blessed him.
⁶ Also unto Shemaiah his son were sons born, that ruled throughout the house of their father: for they were mighty men of valour.
⁷ The sons of Shemaiah; Othni, and Rephael, and Obed, Elzabad, whose brethren were strong men, Elihu, and Semachiah.
⁸ All these of the sons of Obed-edom: they and their sons and their brethren, able men for strength for the service, were threescore and two of Obed-edom.
⁹ And Meshelemiah had sons and brethren, strong men, eighteen.
¹⁰ Also Hosah, of the children of Merari, had sons; Simri the chief, (for though he was not the firstborn, yet his father made him the chief;)
¹¹ Hilkiah the second, Tebaliah the third, Zechariah the fourth: all the sons and brethren of Hosah were thirteen.
¹² Among these were the divisions of the porters, even among the chief men, having wards one against another, to minister in the house of the LORD.
¹³ And they cast lots, as well the small as the great, according to the house of their fathers, for every gate.
¹⁴ And the lot eastward fell to Shelemiah. Then for Zechariah his son, a wise counsellor, they cast lots; and his lot came out northward.
¹⁵ To Obed-edom southward; and to his sons the house of Asuppim.
¹⁶ To Shuppim and Hosah the lot came forth westward, with the gate Shallecheth, by the causeway of the going up, ward against ward.
¹⁷ Eastward were six Levites, northward four a day, southward four a day, and toward Asuppim two and two.
¹⁸ At Parbar westward, four at the causeway, and two at Parbar.
¹⁹ These are the divisions of the porters among the sons of Kore, and among the sons of Merari.
Observe, I. There were porters appointed to attend the temple, who guarded all the avenues that let to it, opened and shut all the outer gates and attended at them, not only for the state, but for service, to direct and instruct those who were going to worship in the courts of the sanctuary in the decorum they were to observe, to encourage those that were timorous, to send back the strangers and unclean, and to guard against thieves and others that were enemies to the house of God. In allusion to this office, ministers are said to have the keys to the kingdom of heaven committed to them (Mt 16:19), that they may admit, and exclude, according to the law of Christ.
II. Of several of those that were called to this service, it is taken notice of that they were mighty men of valour (1Ch 26:6), strong men (1Ch 26:7), able men (1Ch 26:8), and one of them that he was a wise counsellor (1Ch 26:14), who probably, when he had used this office of a deacon well and given proofs of more than ordinary wisdom, purchased to himself a good degree, and was preferred from the gate to the council-board, 1Ti 3:13. As for those that excelled in strength of body, and courage and resolution of mind, they were thereby qualified for the post assigned them; for whatever service God calls men to he either finds them fit or makes them so.
III. The sons of Obed-edom were employed in this office, sixty-two of that family. This was he that entertained the ark with reverence and cheerfulness; and see how he was rewarded for it. 1. He had eight sons (1Ch 26:5), for God blessed him. The increase and building up of families are owing to the divine blessing; and a great blessing it is to a family to have many children, when like these they are able for, and eminent in, the service of God. 2. His sons were preferred to places of trust in the sanctuary. They had faithfully attended the ark in their own house, and now were called to attend it in God's house. He that is trusty in little shall be trusted with more. He that keeps God's ordinances in his own tent is fit to have the custody of them in God's tabernacle, 1Ti 3:4,5. I have kept thy law, says David, and this I had because I kept thy precepts, Ps 119:55,56.
IV. It is said of one here that though he was not the first-born his father made him the chief (1Ch 26:10), either because he was very excellent, or because the elder son was very weak. He was made chief, perhaps not in inheriting the estate (for that was forbidden by the law, De 21:16,17), but in this service, which required personal qualifications.
V. The porters, as the singers, had their post assigned them by lot, so many at such a gate, and so many at such a one, that every one might know his post and make it good, 1Ch 26:13. It is not said that they were cast into twenty-four courses, as before; but here are the names of about twenty-four (1Ch 26:1-11), and the posts assigned are twenty-four, 1Ch 26:17,18. We have therefore reason to think they were distributed into as many companies. Happy are those who dwell in God's house: for, as they are well fed, well taught, and well employed, so they are well guarded. Men attended at the gates of the temple, but angels attend at the gates of the New Jerusalem, Re 21:12.
²⁰ And of the Levites, Ahijah was over the treasures of the house of God, and over the treasures of the dedicated things.
²¹ As concerning the sons of Laadan; the sons of the Gershonite Laadan, chief fathers, even of Laadan the Gershonite, were Jehieli.
²² The sons of Jehieli; Zetham, and Joel his brother, which were over the treasures of the house of the LORD.
²³ Of the Amramites, and the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the Uzzielites:
²⁴ And Shebuel the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, was ruler of the treasures.
²⁵ And his brethren by Eliezer; Rehabiah his son, and Jeshaiah his son, and Joram his son, and Zichri his son, and Shelomith his son.
²⁶ Which Shelomith and his brethren were over all the treasures of the dedicated things, which David the king, and the chief fathers, the captains over thousands and hundreds, and the captains of the host, had dedicated.
²⁷ Out of the spoils won in battles did they dedicate to maintain the house of the LORD.
²⁸ And all that Samuel the seer, and Saul the son of Kish, and Abner the son of Ner, and Joab the son of Zeruiah, had dedicated; and whosoever had dedicated any thing, it was under the hand of Shelomith, and of his brethren.
Observe, 1. There were treasures of the house of God. A great house cannot be well kept without stores of all manner of provisions. Much was expended daily upon the altar-flour, wine, oil, salt, fuel, besides the lamps; quantities of these were to be kept beforehand, besides the sacred vestments and utensils. These were the treasures of the house of God. And, because money answers all things, doubtless they had an abundance of it, which was received from the people's offerings, wherewith they bought in what they had occasion for. And perhaps much was laid up for an exigence. These treasures typified the plenty there is in our heavenly Father's house, enough and to spare. In Christ, the true temple, are hid treasures of wisdom and knowledge, and unsearchable riches. 2. There were treasures of dedicated things, dedicated mostly out of the spoils won in battle (1Ch 26:27), as a grateful acknowledgment of the divine protection. Abraham gave Melchisedec the tenth of the spoils Heb 7:4. In Moses's time the officers of the army, when they returned victorious, brought of their spoils an oblation to the Lord, Nu 31:50. Of late this pious custom had been revived; and not only Samuel and David, but Saul, and Abner, and Joab, had dedicated of their spoils to the honour and support of the house of God, 1Ch 26:28. Note, The more God bestows upon us the more he expects from us in works of piety and charity. Great successes call for proportionable returns. When we look over our estates we should consider, "Here are convenient things, rich things, it may be, and fine things; but where are the dedicated things?" Men of war must honour God with their spoils. 3. These treasures had treasurers, those that were over them (1Ch 26:20,26), whose business it was to keep them, that neither moth nor rust might corrupt them, nor thieves break through and steal, to give out as there was occasion and to see that they were not wasted, embezzled, or alienated to the common use; and it is probable that they kept accounts of all that was brought in and how it was laid out.
²⁹ Of the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sons were for the outward business over Israel, for officers and judges.
³⁰ And of the Hebronites, Hashabiah and his brethren, men of valour, a thousand and seven hundred, were officers among them of Israel on this side Jordan westward in all the business of the LORD, and in the service of the king.
³¹ Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there were found among them mighty men of valour at Jazer of Gilead.
³² And his brethren, men of valour, were two thousand and seven hundred chief fathers, whom king David made rulers over the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, for every matter pertaining to God, and affairs of the king.
All the offices of the house of God being well provided with Levites, we have here an account of those that were employed as officers and judges in the outward business, which must not be neglected, no, not for the temple itself. The magistracy is an ordinance of God for the good of the church as truly as the ministry is. And here we are told, 1. That the Levites were employed in the administration of justice in concurrence with the princes and elders of the several tribes, who could not be supposed to understand the law so well as the Levites, who made it their business to study it. None of those Levites who were employed in the service of the sanctuary, none of the singers or porters, were concerned in this outward business; either one was enough to engage the whole man or it was presumption to undertake both. 2. Their charge was both in all business of the Lord, and in the service of the kings, 1Ch 26:30 and again 1Ch 26:32. They managed the affairs of the country, as well ecclesiastical as civil, took care both of God's tithes and the king's taxes, punished offences committed immediately against God and his honour and those against the government and the public peace, guarded both against idolatry and against injustice, and took care to put the laws in execution against both. Some, it is likely, applied themselves to the affairs of religion, others to secular affairs; and so, between both, God and the king were well served. It is happy with a kingdom when its civil and sacred interests are thus interwoven and jointly minded and advanced. 3. There were more Levites employed as judges with the two tribes and a half on the other side of Jordan than with all the rest of the tribes; there were 2700; whereas as the west side of Jordan there were 1700, 1Ch 26:30,32. Either those remote tribes were not so well furnished as the rest with judges of their own, or because they, lying furthest from Jerusalem and on the borders of the neighbouring nations, were most in danger of being infected with idolatry, and most needed the help of Levites to prevent it. The frontiers must be well guarded. 4. This is said to be done (as were all the foregoing settlements) in the fortieth year of the reign of David (1Ch 26:31), that is, the last year of his reign. We should be so much the more industrious to do good as we can see the day approaching. If we live to enjoy the fruit of our labours, grudge it not to those that shall come after us.
ここにレビ人の務めについての記録がある。その部族は士師の期間全体を通じて、エリとサムエルが現れるまで、ほとんど姿を見せなかった。しかしダビデが宗教を復興させた時、レビ人はすべての人のうちで最も評判が高かった。そして幸いなことに、彼らはその部族の誉れを支えるにふさわしい、思慮ある人々であった。ここに次の記録がある。
I. 門衛として任命されたレビ人。1Ch 26:1-19。
II. 会計と倉庫番として任命された者たち。1Ch 26:20-28。
III. 国のつかさでありさばきつかさであり、公の事務の行政を託された者たち。1Ch 26:29-32。