서론
無標題
繁體中文
英文原文
We have here a further account of the furniture of God's house. I. Those things that were of brass. The altar for burnt-offerings (2Ch 4:1), the sea and lavers to hold water (2Ch 4:2-6), the plates with which the doors of the court were overlaid (2Ch 4:9), the vessels of the altar, and other things, 2Ch 4:10-18. II. Those that were of gold. The candlesticks and tables (2Ch 4:7,8), the altar of incense (2Ch 4:19), and the appurtenances of each of these, 2Ch 4:20-22. All these, except the brazen altar (2Ch 4:1), were accounted for more largely, 1Ki 7:23-50, etc.
1-22
The Furniture of the Temple (1012 BC)
繁體中文
聖殿的器具（主前 1012 年）
¹ 他又製造一座銅壇，長二十肘，寬二十肘，高十肘。 ² 又鑄一個銅海，闊十肘，圓的，高五肘；圍著它有一條三十肘長的線。 ³ 海之下有牛的形像環繞，每肘十隻，環繞銅海。鑄海的時候，鑄了兩行牛。 ⁴ 海立在十二隻牛之上，三隻向北，三隻向西，三隻向南，三隻向東；銅海安在牛背上，牛尾都向內。 ⁵ 海厚一掌，邊如杯邊，又像百合花；可容三千罷特。 ⁶ 他又做十個銅盆，五個放在右邊，五個放在左邊，用以洗滌；凡獻為燔祭的，都在其中洗滌；但銅海是為祭司洗滌用的。 ⁷ 他又照所定的樣式做十個金燈臺，放在殿內，五個在右邊，五個在左邊。 ⁸ 又做十張桌子，放在殿內，五個在右邊，五個在左邊；又做一百個金碗。 ⁹ 又建造祭司院和大院，以及院子的門，門扇都包上銅。 ¹⁰ 將銅海安放在右邊的東頭，向南邊。
大衛常以深情提到「耶和華的殿」與「我們神的院宇」。無論在門外或門內，都有象徵福音恩典、「表明將來美事」的物件，這些美事的實體就是基督。
一、在敞開的院中，在眾百姓眼前，有幾樣意義深遠的物件。
-
有「銅壇」（代下四1）。列王紀沒有提到這壇的製造。一切祭物都在其上獻上，壇也使禮物成聖。這壇比摩西在會幕中所造的大得多：那壇長寬各五肘，這壇長寬各二十肘。如今以色列人既眾多又富足，並且可望更加敬虔（因為每一個世代都當立志比前一個世代更有智慧、更良善），就可預期會有比以往更豐盛的祭物獻到神的壇前。因此這壇做得極其寬大，足以容納所有祭物，免得有人藉口說沒有地方收納，就不把那感動他們敬虔的祭物帶來。神既大大擴張了他們的疆界，他們擴充祂的壇也就理所當然。我們的回報當與我們的領受有幾分相稱。壇高十肘，使在院中敬拜的百姓能看見祭物焚燒，他們的眼目可以觸動他們的心為罪憂傷：「我之所以沒有這樣被燒滅，是因耶和華的憐憫；並且這祭物既蒙悅納，就成了我罪孽的贖價。」這樣他們便可能思想到那在時候滿足時將被獻上、要除去世人罪孽、廢除死亡的大祭——這是牛羊的血所不能作的。他們也可隨著祭物的煙氣，以聖潔的渴慕升到天上，向著神和祂的恩寵。我們在一切敬拜中，必須以信心之眼注目基督這偉大的挽回祭。他們怎樣上到這壇前、怎樣把祭物抬上去，聖經沒有告訴我們；有人以為是像小山一樣的平緩坡道：若用臺階，無疑也是這樣設計，使（出二十26所提的）律法的目的得以成全。
-
有銅海，一個很大的銅盆，用以盛水給祭司洗滌（代下四2、6）。它安在祭司院的入口處，如同教堂門口的洗禮盆。若盛滿到邊緣，可容三千罷特（如此處代下四5所記），但通常只有兩千罷特（王上七26）。聖靈藉此表明：（一）我們極大的福音特權——「基督的血洗淨我們一切的罪」（約壹一7）。為我們開了「一個泉源」，不僅給一切信徒（他們是屬靈的祭司，啟一5、6），更是給「耶路撒冷的居民」洗除罪惡（那是不潔淨的）。耶穌基督裡功德的豐滿，足夠一切憑信心到祂面前、求潔淨良心、「事奉永生神」的人所用（來九14）。（二）我們極大的福音本分，就是藉著真實的悔改，洗淨自己肉體一切污穢和世上情慾的敗壞。我們的心必須成聖，否則不能尊神的名為聖。凡親近神的，「要清潔你們的手，潔淨你們的心」（雅四8）。「我若不洗你，你就與我無分了」；而那「已經洗淨的」，每次「進去事奉」時，仍需「洗腳」——重新悔改（約十三10）。
-
有「十個銅盆」，在其中「洗滌凡獻為燔祭之物」（代下四6）。祭司當洗淨，祭物也當洗淨。我們不僅在預備敬虔的操練時要潔淨自己，更要小心除掉那些黏附在我們的操練本身、玷污它們的虛妄意念和敗壞動機。
-
院的門扇都包上銅（代下四9），既為堅固，也為美觀，並使它們不因日曬風雨而朽壞。我們讀過「銅門」（詩一〇七16）。
二、「耶和華的殿」內（只有祭司進去事奉）也有意義深遠的物件。那裡一切都是金的。我們越親近神，就越當純潔，也必越純潔。1. 有十個「金燈臺」，照著會幕中那一個的樣式（代下四7）。寫下來的話語是燈、是光，照亮暗處。摩西時代只有一個燈臺，就是五經；但日後其他聖經書卷陸續增加，可用燈臺數目的增加來表明。亮光正在增長。燈臺就是教會（啟一20）。摩西只設立了一個，就是猶太人的教會；但在福音的聖殿中，不僅信徒增多，教會也增多。2. 有十張「金桌子」（代下四8），就是「擺陳設餅的桌子」（代下四19）。也許每張桌子都擺了十二個陳設餅。殿既擴大，殿中的供應也隨之加增。「在我父的家裡，全家都有糧食充足。」這些桌子配有一百個金碗或盤子；因為神的桌子擺設得豐盛。3. 有「金壇」（代下四19），用以燒香。這壇大概也照著銅壇的比例擴大了。那一次永遠贖了罪的基督，如今長遠活著，因那贖罪之工而為我們代求。
¹¹ 希蘭又造了鍋、鏟、碗。希蘭為所羅門王為神的殿所作的一切工完畢了。 ¹² 就是兩根柱子，和柱子頂上的球，與柱頂，以及兩個網子，遮蓋柱子頂上那兩個球。 ¹³ 兩個網子上又有四百石榴，每網兩行石榴，遮蓋柱子頂上那兩個球。 ¹⁴ 又造盆座，並在盆座上造了盆。 ¹⁵ 一個海和海下的十二隻牛。 ¹⁶ 鍋、鏟、肉鍤，以及一切器具，都是希蘭的父親為所羅門王用光亮的銅為耶和華的殿造的。 ¹⁷ 王在約旦平原、疏割和撒利但之間的泥地裡鑄造了這些物件。 ¹⁸ 所羅門這樣造了這一切器具，數量極多；銅的重量無法可查。 ¹⁹ 所羅門又造神殿裡的一切器具：金壇和擺陳設餅的桌子， ²⁰ 並燈臺和燈臺上的燈，照著內殿前的樣式點燃，都是精金的； ²¹ 又有花、燈、蠟剪，都是金的，且是純金； ²² 燈花剪、碗、勺子、火鼎，都是純金的；殿的入口、至聖所的內門，以及殿的門，都是金的。
此處我們看到聖殿銅器和金器的概要，正如我們先前所見（王上七13～51等）。其中我們只能再觀察以下兩點：1. 匠人希蘭非常守約：「他完成了一切當作的工」（代下四11），沒有留下一部分未做。他稱為「希蘭的父親」（代下四16）。這大概是他常被人稱呼的綽號：「希蘭父」；因為推羅王稱他為「我父希蘭」，所羅門也順此稱他為父，因他是偉大的匠人，是銅鐵匠人之「父」。他既在巧思上、也在勤奮上都表現優異。2. 所羅門非常慷慨。他「造了這一切器具，數量極多」（代下四18），各樣都造了許多，使許多人可以同時做工，工程得以迅速進展；或可留備日後損壞時替換之用。他「白白地得來」，也「白白地捨去」。他既已造了足夠目前使用的器具，就不能將剩餘的銅據為己有；這些既已獻給神，就當為神所用。
英文原文
The Furniture of the Temple (1012 BC)
¹ Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof.
² Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.
³ And under it was the similitude of oxen, which did compass it round about: ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about. Two rows of oxen were cast, when it was cast.
⁴ It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward.
⁵ And the thickness of it was a handbreadth, and the brim of it like the work of the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; and it received and held three thousand baths.
⁶ He made also ten lavers, and put five on the right hand, and five on the left, to wash in them: such things as they offered for the burnt offering they washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to wash in.
⁷ And he made ten candlesticks of gold according to their form, and set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left.
⁸ He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. And he made an hundred basons of gold.
⁹ Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass.
¹⁰ And he set the sea on the right side of the east end, over against the south.
David often speaks with much affection both of the house of the Lord and of the courts of our God. Both without doors and within there was that which typified the grace of the gospel and shadowed out good things to come, of which the substance is Christ.
I. There were those things in the open court, in the view of all the people, which were very significant.
1. There was the brazen altar, 2Ch 4:1. The making of this was not mentioned in the Kings. On this all the sacrifices were offered, and it sanctified the gift. This altar was much larger than that which Moses made in the tabernacle; that was five cubits square, this was twenty cubits square. Now that Israel had become both numerous and more rich, and it was to be hoped more devout (for every age should aim to be wiser and better than that which went before it), it was expected that there would be a greater abundance of offerings brought to God's altar than had been. It was therefore made such a capacious scaffold that it might hold them all, and none might excuse themselves from bringing those temptations of their devotion by alleging that there was not room to receive them. God had greatly enlarged their borders; it was therefore fit that they should enlarge his altars. Our returns should bear some proportion to our receivings. It was ten cubits high, so that the people who worshipped in the courts might see the sacrifice burnt, and their eye might affect their heart with sorrow for sin: "It is of the Lord's mercies that I am not thus consumed, and that this is accepted as an expiation of my guilt." They might thus be led to consider the great sacrifice which should be offered in the fulness of time to take away sin and abolish death, which the blood of bulls and goats could not possibly do. And with the smoke of the sacrifices their hearts might ascend to heaven in holy desires towards God and his favour. In all our devotions we must keep the eye of faith fixed upon Christ, the great propitiation. How they went up to this altar, and carried the sacrifices up to it, we are not told; some think by a plain ascent like a hill: if by steps, doubtless they were so contrived as that the end of the law (mentioned Ex 20:26) might be answered.
2. There was the molten sea, a very large brass pan, in which they put water for the priests to wash in, 2Ch 4:2,6. It was put just at the entrance into the court of the priests, like the font at the church door. If it were filled to the brim, it would hold 3000 baths (as here, 2Ch 4:5), but ordinarily there were only 2000 baths in it, 1Ki 7:26. The Holy Ghost by this signified, (1.) Our great gospel privilege, that the blood of Christ cleanseth from all sin, 1Jo 1:7. To us there is a fountain opened for all believers (who are spiritual priests, Re 1:5,6), nay, for all the inhabitants of Jerusalem to wash in, from sin, which is uncleanness. There is a fulness of merit in Jesus Christ for all those that by faith apply to him for the purifying of their consciences, that they might serve the living God, Heb 9:14. (2.) Our great gospel duty, which is to cleanse ourselves by true repentance from all the pollutions of the flesh and the corruption that is in the world. Our hearts must be sanctified, or we cannot sanctify the name of God. Those that draw nigh to God must cleanse their hands, and purify their hearts, Jam 4:8. If I was thee not, thou hast no part with me; and he that is washed still needs to wash his feet, to renew his repentance, whenever he goes in to minister, Joh 13:10.
3. There were ten lavers of brass, in which they washed such things as they offered for the burnt-offerings, 2Ch 4:6. As the priests must be washed, so must the sacrifices. We must not only purify ourselves in preparation for our religious performances, but carefully put away all those vain thoughts and corrupt aims which cleave to our performances themselves and pollute them.
4. The doors of the court were overlaid with brass (2Ch 4:9), both for strength and beauty, and that they might not be rotted with the weather, to which they were exposed. Gates of brass we read of, Ps 107:16.
II. There were those things in the house of the Lord (into which the priests alone went to minister) that were very significant. All was gold there. The nearer we come to God the purer we must be, the purer we shall be. 1. There were ten golden candlesticks, according to the form of that one which was in the tabernacle, 2Ch 4:7. The written word is a lamp and a light, shining in a dark place. In Moses's time they had but one candlestick, the Pentateuch; but the additions which, in process of time, were to be made of other books of scripture might be signified by this increase of the number of the candlesticks. Light was growing. The candlesticks are the churches, Re 1:20. Moses set up but one, the church of the Jews; but, in the gospel temple, not only believers, but churches, are multiplied. 2. There were ten golden tables (2Ch 4:8), tables whereon the show-bread was set, 2Ch 4:19. Perhaps every one of the tables had twelve loaves of show-bread on it. As the house was enlarged, the house-keeping was. In my father's house there is bread enough for the whole family. To those tables belonged 100 golden basins, or dishes; for God's table is well furnished. 3. There was a golden altar (2Ch 4:19), on which they burnt incense. It is probable that this was enlarged in proportion to the brazen altar. Christ, who once for all made atonement for sin, ever lives, making intercession, in virtue of that atonement.
¹¹ And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basons. And Huram finished the work that he was to make for king Solomon for the house of God;
¹² To wit, the two pillars, and the pommels, and the chapiters which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were on the top of the pillars;
¹³ And four hundred pomegranates on the two wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were upon the pillars.
¹⁴ He made also bases, and lavers made he upon the bases;
¹⁵ One sea, and twelve oxen under it.
¹⁶ The pots also, and the shovels, and the fleshhooks, and all their instruments, did Huram his father make to king Solomon for the house of the LORD of bright brass.
¹⁷ In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredathah.
¹⁸ Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance: for the weight of the brass could not be found out.
¹⁹ And Solomon made all the vessels that were for the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon the showbread was set;
²⁰ Moreover the candlesticks with their lamps, that they should burn after the manner before the oracle, of pure gold;
²¹ And the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, made he of gold, and that perfect gold;
²² And the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers, of pure gold: and the entry of the house, the inner doors thereof for the most holy place, and the doors of the house of the temple, were of gold.
We have here such a summary both of the brass-work and the gold-work of the temple as we had before (1Ki 7:13-51, etc.), in which we have nothing more to observe than, 1. That Huram the workman was very punctual: He finished all that he was to make (2Ch 4:11), and left no part of his work undone. Huram, his father, he is called, 2Ch 4:16. Probably it was a sort of nickname by which he was commonly known, Father Huram; for the king of Tyre called him Huram Abi, my father, in compliance with whom Solomon called him his, he being a great artist and father of the artificers in brass and iron. He acquitted himself well both for ingenuity and industry. 2. Solomon was very generous. He made all the vessels in great abundance (2Ch 4:18), many of a sort, that many hands might be employed, and so the work might go on with expedition, or that some might be laid up for use when others were worn out. Freely he has received, and he will freely give. When he had made vessels enough for the present he could not convert the remainder of the brass to his own use; it is devoted to God, and it shall be used for him.
本章進一步記述神殿中的陳設器具。一、銅製的物件：燔祭的祭壇（代下 4:1）、盛水的銅海和盆（代下 4:2-6）、院門所包的銅版（代下 4:9）、祭壇的器皿以及其他物件（代下 4:10-18）。二、金製的物件：燈臺和陳設餅的桌子（代下 4:7,8）、香壇（代下 4:19），以及這一切所附屬的器具（代下 4:20-22）。這一切之中，除了銅祭壇（代下 4:1）之外，其餘都在王上 7:23-50 等處有更詳細的記載。