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This chapter appoints the offerings that were to be made by fire unto the Lord in the three great solemnities of the seventh month. I. In the feast of trumpets on the first day of that month, Nu 29:1-6. II. In the day of atonement on the tenth day, Nu 29:7-11. III. In the feast of tabernacles on the fifteenth day and the seven days following, Nu 29:12-38. And then the conclusion of these ordinances, Nu 29:39,40.
1-40
Solemnities of the Seventh Month (1452 BC)
繁體中文
第七月的節期（主前 1452 年）
¹ 「七月初一日，你們當有聖會；甚麼勞碌的工都不可做，是你們當守為吹角的日子。 ² 你們要將公牛犢一隻、公綿羊一隻、沒有殘疾一歲的公羊羔七隻，作為獻給耶和華為馨香的燔祭。 ³ 同獻的素祭，是調油的細麵；為一隻公牛要獻伊法十分之三，為一隻公綿羊要獻伊法十分之二； ⁴ 為那七隻羊羔，每隻要獻伊法十分之一； ⁵ 又獻一隻公山羊作贖罪祭，為你們贖罪。 ⁶ 這些是在月朔的燔祭和同獻的素祭、並常獻的燔祭與同獻的素祭，以及照例同獻的奠祭以外，作為獻給耶和華馨香的火祭。 ⁷ 「七月初十日，你們當有聖會；要刻苦己心，甚麼工都不可做。 ⁸ 只要將公牛犢一隻、公綿羊一隻、一歲的公羊羔七隻，作為獻給耶和華為馨香的燔祭，都要沒有殘疾的。 ⁹ 同獻的素祭，是調油的細麵；為一隻公牛要獻伊法十分之三，為一隻公綿羊要獻伊法十分之二； ¹⁰ 為那七隻羊羔，每隻要獻伊法十分之一； ¹¹ 又獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在贖罪祭和常獻的燔祭與同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。」
第七月的聖會比一年中任何其他月份都多，不僅因為在以色列人出埃及之前，這一直是頭一個月（出埃及之事發生在亞筆月，使那月從此在一切宗教計算中成為「諸月之首」），也因為在民事計算禧年和豁免年時，它仍然是頭一個月；並且因為這是收成與播種之間的閒暇時期，百姓最為清閒，可以到聖所事奉——這暗示：雖然神因必要和憐憫的工作而豁免獻祭，但我們從今生緊迫事務中得著越多的閒暇，就越當花更多的時間在直接事奉神的事上。1. 此處我們看到為初一、即「吹角的日子」所當獻祭物的定規——這日是為贖罪日的聖潔哀傷和住棚節的聖潔喜樂這兩大節期作預備。當一項宗教服事幫助我們預備好領受另一項、而一切都是為了天上的時候，神所設立之制度的目的就得以充分達成。「吹角」早在利 23:24 已設立。此處指示百姓當在那日獻上甚麼祭物，這在當時並未提及。當知：那些想要明白聖經中神心意的人，必須將聖經的一部分與另一部分互相比較，把那些涉及同一事物的部分放在一起，因為後來的神聖光照解明先前暗晦之處，補足先前的缺欠，「使屬神的人得以完全」。這些當獻的祭物在此特別定規（民 29:2-6），並確保這些祭物不致取代每日的常獻祭和月朔的祭。這暗示我們不可尋找藉口減少事奉神的熱心，也不可因有了藉口不盡某項當盡的本分而高興，倒要因有機會在宗教上更加添、作超乎平常的事而喜樂。我們若舉行家庭敬拜，不可因此以為這就可以代替我們私下靈修；也不可因我們上教會的日子就不必獨自敬拜神、不必與家人一同敬拜；我們應當「常常竭力多做主工」。2. 「贖罪日」。除了那日一切的服事——我們在利 16:1-34 已看到其設立，已夠麻煩、夠費財了——此處還定規要獻燔祭（民 29:8-10）。因為在我們的信心和悔改中（那日的作為所預表的這兩大福音恩典），我們必須仰望神的榮耀和尊貴——這正是燔祭純粹所要表達的；此外還要獻「一隻公山羊為贖罪祭，這是在贖罪的大贖罪祭以外」（民 29:11）。這表明，甚至在我們悔改的操練和表達中，也有如此多的缺陷和過失，以致我們需要在一個祭物的功效上有分，來贖去我們聖物中那部分的罪咎。我們不可悔恨自己已經悔改，卻必須悔恨自己沒有更好地悔改。這也表明律法之祭的不完全，以及它們不足以除罪——因為在獻上「贖罪祭」的同一天，竟還要另獻一個贖罪祭。但「律法因肉體軟弱有所不能行的，基督已經成就了」。
¹² 「七月十五日，你們當有聖會；甚麼勞碌的工都不可做，要在耶和華面前守節七日。 ¹³ 又要將公牛犢十三隻、公綿羊兩隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔十四隻，作為獻給耶和華為馨香的火祭燔祭。 ¹⁴ 同獻的素祭，是調油的細麵；為那十三隻公牛，每隻獻伊法十分之三；為那兩隻公綿羊，每隻獻伊法十分之二； ¹⁵ 為那十四隻羊羔，每隻獻伊法十分之一； ¹⁶ 又獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ¹⁷ 「第二日要獻公牛犢十二隻、公綿羊兩隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔十四隻； ¹⁸ 並為公牛、公綿羊、羊羔，按數照例獻同獻的素祭和同獻的奠祭。 ¹⁹ 又要獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ²⁰ 「第三日要獻公牛十一隻、公綿羊兩隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔十四隻； ²¹ 並為公牛、公綿羊、羊羔，按數照例獻同獻的素祭和同獻的奠祭。 ²² 又要獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ²³ 「第四日要獻公牛十隻、公綿羊兩隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔十四隻； ²⁴ 同獻的素祭和奠祭是為公牛、公綿羊、羊羔，按數照例獻的。 ²⁵ 又要獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ²⁶ 「第五日要獻公牛九隻、公綿羊兩隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔十四隻； ²⁷ 同獻的素祭和奠祭是為公牛、公綿羊、羊羔，按數照例獻的。 ²⁸ 又要獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ²⁹ 「第六日要獻公牛八隻、公綿羊兩隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔十四隻； ³⁰ 同獻的素祭和奠祭是為公牛、公綿羊、羊羔，按數照例獻的。 ³¹ 又要獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ³² 「第七日要獻公牛七隻、公綿羊兩隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔十四隻； ³³ 同獻的素祭和奠祭是為公牛、公綿羊、羊羔，按數照例獻的。 ³⁴ 又要獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ³⁵ 「第八日你們當守嚴肅會；甚麼勞碌的工都不可做； ³⁶ 只要將公牛一隻、公綿羊一隻、一歲沒有殘疾的公羊羔七隻，作為獻給耶和華為馨香的火祭燔祭； ³⁷ 並為公牛、公綿羊、羊羔，按數照例獻同獻的素祭和同獻的奠祭。 ³⁸ 又要獻一隻公山羊為贖罪祭。這是在常獻的燔祭和同獻的素祭並奠祭以外。 ³⁹ 「這些祭要在你們的節期獻給耶和華，都在你們所許的願和甘心獻的以外，作為燔祭、素祭、奠祭、平安祭。 ⁴⁰ 於是摩西照耶和華所吩咐他的一切話，告訴以色列人。」
在贖罪日之後——那日人們要刻苦己心——緊接著便是住棚節，他們要在耶和華面前歡樂；因為那「流淚撒種的」，不久必「歡呼收割」。在論到這節日的先前律法（我們在利 23:34-44 等處已讀過）之外，此處加上了關於「火祭」的指示——他們在「這節期的七日」之內當獻給耶和華的祭物（參利 23:36）。請在此觀察：1. 他們歡樂的日子當是獻祭的日子。喜樂的性情對我們無害，也不是任何壞徵兆，當它非但不使我們不配盡直接事奉神的本分，反倒鼓勵並擴充我們的心在其中行事。2. 他們住棚的整段日子都要獻祭。我們如今處於帳棚狀態之中，常常與神相交既是我們的利益、也是我們的本分；我們外在光景的不安定，並不能作為我們疏忽事奉神之責任的藉口。3. 七日之中每日的祭物，除了公牛的數目以外並無不同，卻一一分別詳細指定，這並非無謂的重複；因為神要藉此教導他們在這些遵守上極其精確，並在每日的功夫中憑信心定睛於所設立的制度。這也暗示：同樣服事的重複，若以正直的心和敬虔熱切情感的持續火熱來獻上，對神並不厭煩；因此我們不當輕看它，也不當說：「看哪，這是何等的煩瑣！」4. 公牛（祭物中最昂貴的部分）的數目每日遞減。節期的第一日要獻十三隻，第二日只獻十二隻，第三日十一隻，如此類推；到第七日只獻七隻。最後一日雖然是節期的最大之日，並以聖會慶祝，卻只獻一隻公牛；其他日子都獻兩隻公綿羊和十四隻羊羔，這日卻只獻一隻公綿羊和七隻羊羔。這是賜律者的旨意，這對律法而言已是充分的理由。有人推測，神在此顧及了肉體的軟弱——它易於吝惜宗教的花費和支出；因此命令遞減，免得他們抱怨彷彿神「使他們因供物而服事」（賽 43:23）。或者這是向他們暗示：律法的施行將要漸舊，至終歸於消滅；而他們眾多的祭物，將要終結於一個無限超越它們總和的偉大祭物中。正是在節期的末日，在這一切祭物定規之後，我們的主耶穌站著向那些仍然渴慕義的人（他們感到這些祭物不足以使他們稱義）大聲呼召他們「到他這裏來喝」（約 7:37）。5. 素祭和奠祭隨同所有的祭物，「按數照例」獻上。肉再多，若沒有餅和酒，也算不得宴席；因此在神的祭壇——也就是他的餐桌——上，這些絕不可省略。我們不可妄想，在宗教上作得多就能蒙悅納，除非我們也作得好，並照神所定的規矩而作。6. 每日都要獻上贖罪祭，正如我們在其他節期所觀察到的。我們讚美的燔祭若不藉著基督為我們成了贖罪祭時所獻那偉大的挽回祭，就不能蒙神悅納。7. 即使在獻上這一切祭物的時候，每日早晚的常獻燔祭也不可省略，反倒每早晨先獻、每晚最後獻上。任何特別的服事都不當擠掉我們既定的靈修。8. 雖然這一切祭物都要求全會眾以公共的費用獻上，但此外，各個人還要用自己的願和甘心祭來榮耀神（民 29:39）。當神吩咐「這是他們當行的」時，也為他們敬虔的慷慨留下了空間——他們「可以」獻上更多，不是發明別的敬拜，而是在這些事上更加豐盛，如代下 30:23-24 所記。在利未記中已有詳細的指示，論到各人當照著神對他們的安排和神在他們裏面的恩典，獻上各樣的祭物。雖然每個以色列人在這些公共祭物中都有分，卻不可妄想這些可以代替他的願和他的甘心祭。照樣，我們的牧者與我們一同禱告、為我們禱告，也不能作為我們不為自己禱告的藉口。
英文原文
Solemnities of the Seventh Month (1452 BC)
¹ And in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work: it is a day of blowing the trumpets unto you.
² And ye shall offer a burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the LORD; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year without blemish:
³ And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals for a bullock, and two tenth deals for a ram,
⁴ And one tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs:
⁵ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering, to make an atonement for you:
⁶ Beside the burnt offering of the month, and his meat offering, and the daily burnt offering, and his meat offering, and their drink offerings, according unto their manner, for a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD.
⁷ And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month an holy convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work therein:
⁸ But ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the LORD for a sweet savour; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year; they shall be unto you without blemish:
⁹ And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals to a bullock, and two tenth deals to one ram,
¹⁰ A several tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs:
¹¹ One kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the sin offering of atonement, and the continual burnt offering, and the meat offering of it, and their drink offerings.
There were more sacred solemnities in the seventh month than in any other month of the year, not only because it had been the first month till the deliverance of Israel out of Egypt (which, falling in the month Abib, occasioned that to be thenceforth made the beginning of the months in all ecclesiastical computations), but because still it continued the first month in the civil reckonings of the jubilees and years of release, and also because it was the time of vacation between harvest and seedtime, when they had most leisure to attend the sanctuary, which intimates that, though God will dispense with sacrifices in consideration of works of necessity and mercy, yet the more leisure we have from the pressing occasions of this life the more time we should spend in the immediate service of God. 1. We have here the appointment of the sacrifices that were to be offered on the first day of the month, the day of blowing the trumpets, which was a preparative for the two great solemnities of holy mourning on the day of atonement and of holy joy in the feast of tabernacles. The intention of divine institutions is well answered when one religious service helps to fit us for another and all for heaven. The blowing of the trumpets was appointed, Le 23:24. Here the people are directed what sacrifices to offer on that day, of which there was not then any mention made. Note, Those who would know the mind of God in the scripture must compare one part of the scripture with another, and put those parts together that have reference to the same thing, for the latter discoveries of divine light explain what was dark and supply what was defective in the former, that the man of God may be perfect. The sacrifices then to be offered are particularly ordered here (Nu 29:2-6), and care taken that these should not supersede the daily oblation and that of the new moon. It is hereby intimated that we must not seek occasions to abate our zeal in God's service, nor be glad of an excuse to omit a good duty, but rather rejoice in an opportunity of accumulating and doing more than ordinary in religion. If we perform family-worship, we must not think that this will excuse us from our secret devotions; nor that on the days we go to church we need not worship God alone and with our families; but we should always abound in the work of the Lord. 2. On the day of atonement. Besides all the services of that day, which we had the institution of, Le 16:1-34, and which, one would think, required trouble and charge enough, here are burnt-offerings ordered to be offered, Nu 29:8-10. For in our faith and repentance, those two great gospel graces which were signified by that day's performances, we must have an eye to the glory and honour of God, which was purely intended in the burnt-offerings; there was likewise to be a kid of the goats for a sin-offering, besides the great sin-offering of atonement (Nu 29:11), which intimates that there are so many defects and faults, even in the exercises and expressions of our repentance, that we have need of an interest in a sacrifice to expiate the guilt even of that part of our holy things. Though we must not repent that we have repented, yet we must repent that we have not repented better. It likewise intimated the imperfection of the legal sacrifices, and their insufficiency to take away sin, that on the very day the sin-offering of atonement was offered, yet there must be another sin-offering. But what the law could not do, in that it was weak, that Christ has done.
¹² And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days:
¹³ And ye shall offer a burnt offering, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD; thirteen young bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year; they shall be without blemish:
¹⁴ And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals unto every bullock of the thirteen bullocks, two tenth deals to each ram of the two rams,
¹⁵ And a several tenth deal to each lamb of the fourteen lambs:
¹⁶ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
¹⁷ And on the second day ye shall offer twelve young bullocks, two rams, fourteen lambs of the first year without spot:
¹⁸ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
¹⁹ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and the meat offering thereof, and their drink offerings.
²⁰ And on the third day eleven bullocks, two rams, fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish;
²¹ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
²² And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering.
²³ And on the fourth day ten bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish:
²⁴ Their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
²⁵ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
²⁶ And on the fifth day nine bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without spot:
²⁷ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
²⁸ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering.
²⁹ And on the sixth day eight bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish:
³⁰ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
³¹ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
³² And on the seventh day seven bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish:
³³ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
³⁴ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
³⁵ On the eighth day ye shall have a solemn assembly: ye shall do no servile work therein:
³⁶ But ye shall offer a burnt offering, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: one bullock, one ram, seven lambs of the first year without blemish:
³⁷ Their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullock, for the ram, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
³⁸ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering.
³⁹ These things ye shall do unto the LORD in your set feasts, beside your vows, and your freewill offerings, for your burnt offerings, and for your meat offerings, and for your drink offerings, and for your peace offerings.
⁴⁰ And Moses told the children of Israel according to all that the LORD commanded Moses.
Soon after the day of atonement, that day in which men were to afflict their souls, followed the feast of tabernacles, in which they were to rejoice before the Lord; for those that sow in tears shall soon reap in joy. To the former laws about this feast, which we had, Le 23:34-44, etc., here are added directions about the offerings by fire, which they were to offer unto the Lord during the seven days of that feast, Le 33:36. Observe here, 1. Their days of rejoicing were to be days of sacrifices. A disposition to be cheerful does us no harm, nor is any bad symptom, when it is so far from unfitting us for the duties of God's immediate service that it encourages and enlarges our hearts in them. 2. All the days of their dwelling in booths they must offer sacrifices. While we are here in a tabernacle-state, it is our interest as well as duty constantly to keep up communion with God; nor will the unsettledness of our outward condition excuse us in our neglect of the duties of God's worship. 3. The sacrifices for each of the seven days, though differing in nothing but the number of the bullocks, are severally and particularly appointed, which yet is no vain repetition; for God would thus teach them to be very exact in those observances, and to keep an eye of faith fixed upon the institution in every day's work. It likewise intimates that the repetition of the same services, if performed with an upright heart, and with a continued fire of pious and devout affection, is no weariness to God, and therefore we ought not to snuff at it, or to say, Behold, what a weariness it is to us! 4. The number of bullocks (which were the most costly part of the sacrifice) decreased every day. On the first day of the feast they were to offer thirteen, on the second day but twelve, on the third day eleven, etc. So that on the seventh they offered seven; and the last day, though it was the great day of the feast, and celebrated with a holy convocation, yet they were to offer but one bullock; and, whereas on all the other days they offered two rams and fourteen lambs, on this they offered but one ram and seven lambs. Such was the will of the Law-maker, and that is reason enough for the law. Some suggest that God herein considered the infirmity of the flesh, which is apt to grudge the charge and expense of religion; it is therefore ordered to grow less and less, that they might not complain as if God had made them to serve with an offering, Isa 43:23. Or it is hereby intimated to them that the legal dispensation should wax old, and vanish away at last; and the multitude of their sacrifices should end in one great sacrifice, infinitely more worthy than all of them. It was on the last day of the feast, after all these sacrifices had been ordered, that our Lord Jesus stood and cried to those who still thirsted after righteousness (being sensible of the insufficiency of these sacrifices to justify them) to come unto him and drink, Joh 7:37. 5. The meat-offerings and drink-offerings attended all the sacrifices, according to their number, after the manner. Be there ever so much flesh, it is no feast without bread and drink, therefore these must never be omitted at God's altar, which was his table. We must not think that doing much in religion will be accepted if we do not do it well, and after the manner that God has appointed. 6. Every day there must be a sin-offering presented, as we observed in the other feasts. Our burnt-offerings of praise cannot be accepted of God unless we have an interest in the great sacrifice of propitiation which Christ offered when for us he made himself a sin-offering. 7. Even when all these sacrifices were offered, yet the continual burnt-offering must not be omitted either morning or evening, but each day this must be offered first in the morning and last in the evening. No extraordinary services should jostle out our stated devotions. 8. Though all these sacrifices were required to be presented by the body of the congregation, at the common charge, yet, besides these, particular persons were to glorify God with their vows and their free-will offerings, Nu 29:39. When God commanded that this they must do, he left room for the generosity of their devotion, a great deal more they might do, not inventing other worships, but abounding in these, as 2Ch 30:23,24. Large directions had been given in Leviticus concerning the offerings of all sorts that should be brought by particular persons according to the providences of God concerning them and the graces of God in them. Though every Israelite had an interest in these common sacrifices, yet he must not think that these will serve instead of his vows and his free-will offerings. Thus our ministers' praying with us and for us will not excuse us from praying for ourselves.
本章規定在第七個月三大節期中當向耶和華獻的火祭。一、該月初一日吹角節的獻祭，民 29:1-6。二、初十日贖罪日的獻祭，民 29:7-11。三、十五日住棚節及隨後七日的獻祭，民 29:12-38。然後是這些條例的總結，民 29:39,40。