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In this chapter we have, I. A particular account of the removals and encampments of the children of Israel, from their escape out of Egypt to their entrance into Canaan, forty-two in all, with some remarkable events that happened at some of those places, Nu 33:1-49. II. A strict command given them to drive out all the inhabitants of the land of Canaan, which they were not going to conquer and take possession of, Nu 33:50-56. So that the former part of the chapter looks back upon their march through the wilderness, the latter looks forward to their settlement in Canaan.
1-49
Encampments of the Israelites (1452 BC)
繁體中文
以色列人的安營（主前 1452 年）
¹ 以色列人按著軍隊，在摩西、亞倫的手下出埃及地所行的路程，其出發點是這樣： ² 摩西遵著耶和華的吩咐記載他們所行的路程，這些路程乃是這樣。 ³ 正月十五日，就是逾越節的次日，以色列人從蘭塞起行，在一切埃及人眼前昂然無懼地出去。 ⁴ 那時埃及人正葬埋他們的長子，就是耶和華在他們中間所擊殺的；耶和華也審判了他們的神。 ⁵ 以色列人從蘭塞起行，安營在疏割。 ⁶ 從疏割起行，安營在曠野邊的以倘。 ⁷ 從以倘起行，轉到比‧哈希錄，就是在巴力‧洗分對面，就在密奪前安營。 ⁸ 從比‧哈希錄對面起行，經過海中到了曠野，在以倘的曠野走了三天的路程，就安營在瑪拉。 ⁹ 從瑪拉起行，來到以琳；以琳有十二股水泉、七十棵棕樹，他們就在那裡安營。 ¹⁰ 從以琳起行，安營在紅海邊。 ¹¹ 從紅海邊起行，安營在汛的曠野。 ¹² 從汛的曠野起行，安營在脫弗加。 ¹³ 從脫弗加起行，安營在亞錄。 ¹⁴ 從亞錄起行，安營在利非訂，那裡百姓沒有水喝。 ¹⁵ 從利非訂起行，安營在西奈的曠野。 ¹⁶ 從西奈的曠野起行，安營在基博羅‧哈他瓦。 ¹⁷ 從基博羅‧哈他瓦起行，安營在哈洗錄。 ¹⁸ 從哈洗錄起行，安營在利提瑪。 ¹⁹ 從利提瑪起行，安營在臨門‧帕烈。 ²⁰ 從臨門‧帕烈起行，安營在立拿。 ²¹ 從立拿起行，安營在勒撒。 ²² 從勒撒起行，安營在基希拉他。 ²³ 從基希拉他起行，安營在沙斐山。 ²⁴ 從沙斐山起行，安營在哈拉大。 ²⁵ 從哈拉大起行，安營在瑪吉希錄。 ²⁶ 從瑪吉希錄起行，安營在他哈。 ²⁷ 從他哈起行，安營在他拉。 ²⁸ 從他拉起行，安營在密加。 ²⁹ 從密加起行，安營在哈摩拿。 ³⁰ 從哈摩拿起行，安營在摩西錄。 ³¹ 從摩西錄起行，安營在比尼‧亞干。 ³² 從比尼‧亞干起行，安營在哈吉‧基甲。 ³³ 從哈吉‧基甲起行，安營在約巴他。 ³⁴ 從約巴他起行，安營在阿伯拿。 ³⁵ 從阿伯拿起行，安營在以旬‧迦別。 ³⁶ 從以旬‧迦別起行，安營在尋的曠野，就是加低斯。 ³⁷ 從加低斯起行，安營在以東地邊界的何珥山。 ³⁸ 祭司亞倫遵著耶和華的吩咐，上何珥山死在那裡，正是以色列人出埃及地後第四十年五月初一日。 ³⁹ 亞倫死在何珥山的時候，年一百二十三歲。 ⁴⁰ 住在迦南地南地的迦南人亞拉得王，聽見以色列人來了。 ⁴¹ 從何珥山起行，安營在撒摩拿。 ⁴² 從撒摩拿起行，安營在普嫩。 ⁴³ 從普嫩起行，安營在阿伯。 ⁴⁴ 從阿伯起行，安營在摩押邊界的以耶‧亞巴琳。 ⁴⁵ 從以耶‧亞巴琳起行，安營在底本迦得。 ⁴⁶ 從底本迦得起行，安營在亞門‧低比拉太音。 ⁴⁷ 從亞門‧低比拉太音起行，安營在尼波對面的亞巴琳山。 ⁴⁸ 從亞巴琳山起行，安營在約旦河邊、耶利哥對面的摩押平原。 ⁴⁹ 他們在摩押平原沿約旦河安營，從伯‧耶施末直亞伯‧什亭。
這是對以色列人穿越曠野行程的回顧與簡要重述。這是一段值得紀念的歷史，理當如此作一摘錄，並將此摘錄予以保存，以榮耀引導他們的神，並鼓勵後來的世代。在此請注意：
一、這記錄是如何保存的：「摩西記載他們所行的路程」（民 33:2）。當他們開始這段漫長的行軍時，神吩咐摩西記下日誌或隨筆，將沿途一切重大事件都記錄其中，使他在回顧時可得滿足，並在日後公諸於世時可作他人的教訓。對於個人信徒，尤其是身居公共職位的人，以文字記下神對他們的护理、他們所經歷一連串的恩惠，特別是那些使生命中某些日子更顯特別的轉折與變化，實有極大用處。我們的記憶是欺騙人的，需要這樣的幫助，好叫我們*「記念耶和華你神這四十年在曠野引導你一路」*（申 8:2）。
二、這記錄本身的內容。它始於他們出埃及，延續他們在曠野的行進，終於他們現今安營的摩押平原。
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此處關於他們出埃及一事有所記載，他們在各樣場合都被提醒這事，視為永不當忘記的奇妙作為。（1）他們*「按著軍隊」前行（民 33:1），即有等次、有行列，如同一支有旗幟的軍隊。（2）在摩西和亞倫手下——他們的引導者、監督和首領，而在他們之上則是神。（3）「昂然無懼地」出去，因為為他們行事的神的手高高舉起，並且「在一切埃及人眼前」（民 33:3）。他們不是暗中悄悄逃走的（賽 52:12），而是公然無懼地面對敵人，因神已使他們成為一塊令敵人難以承受的石頭，敵人既不能、也不願、更不敢抵擋他們。（4）他們出去的時候，埃及人正在埋葬，或至少正預備埋葬他們的長子（民 33:4）。埃及人仍想繼續囚禁以色列人，然而神使他們另有他事可作。他們本要將神的長子活埋，神卻叫他們去埋葬自己的長子。（5）除了埃及的一切災殃之外，這裡又加上一句：「耶和華也審判了他們的神。」他們所敬拜的偶像，大概都被擊碎了，正如後來大袞在約櫃面前仆倒一般，以致他們無法就這件大事求問偶像。或許賽 19:1 所記「耶和華的刑罰必臨到埃及的偶像」*正是指此。
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關於他們前往迦南的旅程。請注意：（1）他們不斷遷移。在一處安營不久，便起行往另一處去。這正是我們在這世上的景況；我們在這裡沒有常存的城。（2）他們大多數的路程都在曠野——無人居住、無路可循、連基本生活所需也缺乏的地方，這就更彰顯神的智慧與大能。藉著神奇妙的引導與豐富的供應，以色列的數萬群眾不僅在那荒涼之地維持了四十年，而且出來時至少與進去時一樣眾多、強壯。起初他們安營*「在曠野的邊」（民 33:6），其後卻到了曠野的中心；神藉較小的艱難為他的百姓預備面對更大的艱難。我們看見他們在以倘的曠野（民 33:8）、汛的曠野（民 33:11）、西奈的曠野（民 33:15）。我們在這世上的搬遷，不過是從一個曠野遷到另一個曠野。（3）他們被引領來來回回、前前後後，如同行在迷宮中，然而始終在雲柱火柱的引導之下。神「使他們在曠野繞行」（申 32:10），卻又「領他們走正直的路」（詩 107:7）。神引領百姓歸向自己的路，總是最好的路，儘管對我們而言未必常是最短的路。（4）這日誌中提到一些事件，例如在利非訂缺水（民 33:14）、亞倫之死（民 33:38-39）、亞拉得的侵犯（民 33:40）；而基博羅‧哈他瓦——貪慾之人的墳墓這名稱（民 33:16），其本身就附帶一段故事。照樣，我們也當銘記神對我們及我們的家族、我們及我們這地所有的护理，以及那一直以來引導我們、供養我們、保守我們的種種屬神看顧。什亭就是百姓在巴力‧毗珥的事上犯罪的地方（民 25:1），這裡卻稱為亞伯‧什亭。亞伯意為哀傷*（如創 50:11），這地名大概是由於以色列中的敬虔人因那罪以及神向他們所發的烈怒而哀痛，故此得名。那哀痛如此之大，以致賦予了這地方一個名字。
英文原文
Encampments of the Israelites (1452 BC)
¹ These are the journeys of the children of Israel, which went forth out of the land of Egypt with their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron.
² And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of the LORD: and these are their journeys according to their goings out.
³ And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the children of Israel went out with an high hand in the sight of all the Egyptians.
⁴ For the Egyptians buried all their firstborn, which the LORD had smitten among them: upon their gods also the LORD executed judgments.
⁵ And the children of Israel removed from Rameses, and pitched in Succoth.
⁶ And they departed from Succoth, and pitched in Etham, which is in the edge of the wilderness.
⁷ And they removed from Etham, and turned again unto Pi-hahiroth, which is before Baal-zephon: and they pitched before Migdol.
⁸ And they departed from before Pi-hahiroth, and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went three days' journey in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah.
⁹ And they removed from Marah, and came unto Elim: and in Elim were twelve fountains of water, and threescore and ten palm trees; and they pitched there.
¹⁰ And they removed from Elim, and encamped by the Red sea.
¹¹ And they removed from the Red sea, and encamped in the wilderness of Sin.
¹² And they took their journey out of the wilderness of Sin, and encamped in Dophkah.
¹³ And they departed from Dophkah, and encamped in Alush.
¹⁴ And they removed from Alush, and encamped at Rephidim, where was no water for the people to drink.
¹⁵ And they departed from Rephidim, and pitched in the wilderness of Sinai.
¹⁶ And they removed from the desert of Sinai, and pitched at Kibroth-hattaavah.
¹⁷ And they departed from Kibroth-hattaavah, and encamped at Hazeroth.
¹⁸ And they departed from Hazeroth, and pitched in Rithmah.
¹⁹ And they departed from Rithmah, and pitched at Rimmon-parez.
²⁰ And they departed from Rimmon-parez, and pitched in Libnah.
²¹ And they removed from Libnah, and pitched at Rissah.
²² And they journeyed from Rissah, and pitched in Kehelathah.
²³ And they went from Kehelathah, and pitched in mount Shapher.
²⁴ And they removed from mount Shapher, and encamped in Haradah.
²⁵ And they removed from Haradah, and pitched in Makheloth.
²⁶ And they removed from Makheloth, and encamped at Tahath.
²⁷ And they departed from Tahath, and pitched at Tarah.
²⁸ And they removed from Tarah, and pitched in Mithcah.
²⁹ And they went from Mithcah, and pitched in Hashmonah.
³⁰ And they departed from Hashmonah, and encamped at Moseroth.
³¹ And they departed from Moseroth, and pitched in Bene-jaakan.
³² And they removed from Bene-jaakan, and encamped at Hor-hagidgad.
³³ And they went from Hor-hagidgad, and pitched in Jotbathah.
³⁴ And they removed from Jotbathah, and encamped at Ebronah.
³⁵ And they departed from Ebronah, and encamped at Ezion-gaber.
³⁶ And they removed from Ezion-gaber, and pitched in the wilderness of Zin, which is Kadesh.
³⁷ And they removed from Kadesh, and pitched in mount Hor, in the edge of the land of Edom.
³⁸ And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment of the LORD, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the fifth month.
³⁹ And Aaron was an hundred and twenty and three years old when he died in mount Hor.
⁴⁰ And king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south in the land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the children of Israel.
⁴¹ And they departed from mount Hor, and pitched in Zalmonah.
⁴² And they departed from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon.
⁴³ And they departed from Punon, and pitched in Oboth.
⁴⁴ And they departed from Oboth, and pitched in Ije-abarim, in the border of Moab.
⁴⁵ And they departed from Iim, and pitched in Dibon-gad.
⁴⁶ And they removed from Dibon-gad, and encamped in Almon-diblathaim.
⁴⁷ And they removed from Almon-diblathaim, and pitched in the mountains of Abarim, before Nebo.
⁴⁸ And they departed from the mountains of Abarim, and pitched in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho.
⁴⁹ And they pitched by Jordan, from Beth-jesimoth even unto Abel-shittim in the plains of Moab.
This is a review and brief rehearsal of the travels of the children of Israel through the wilderness. It was a memorable history and well worthy to be thus abridged, and the abridgment thus preserved, to the honour of God that led them and for the encouragement of the generations that followed. Observe here,
I. How the account was kept: Moses wrote their goings out, Nu 33:2. When they began this tedious march, God ordered him to keep a journal or diary, and to insert in it all the remarkable occurrences of their way, that it might be a satisfaction to himself in the review and an instruction to others when it should be published. It may be of good use to private Christians, but especially to those in public stations, to preserve in writing an account of the providences of God concerning them, the constant series of mercies they have experienced, especially those turns and changes which have made some days of their lives more remarkable. Our memories are deceitful and need this help, that we may remember all the way which the Lord our God has led us in this wilderness, De 8:2.
II. What the account itself was. It began with their departure out of Egypt, continued with their march through the wilderness, and ended in the plains of Moab, where they now lay encamped.
1. Some things are observed here concerning their departure out of Egypt, which they are reminded of upon all occasions, as a work of wonder never to be forgotten. (1.) That they went forth with their armies (Nu 33:1), rank and file, as an army with banners. (2.) Under the hand of Moses and Aaron, their guides, overseers, and rulers, under God. (3.) With a high hand, because God's hand was high that wrought for them, and in the sight of all the Egyptians, Nu 33:3. They did not steal away clandestinely (Isa 52:12), but in defiance of their enemies, to whom God had made them such a burdensome stone that they neither could, nor would, nor durst, oppose them. (4.) They went forth while the Egyptians were burying, or at least preparing to bury, their first-born, Nu 33:4. They had a mind good enough, or rather bad enough, still to have detained the Israelites their prisoners, but God found them other work to do. They would have God's first-born buried alive, but God set them a burying their own first-born. (5.) To all the plagues of Egypt it is added here that on their gods also the Lord executed judgments. Their idols which they worshipped, it is probable, were broken down, as Dagon afterwards before the ark, so that they could not consult them about this great affair. To this perhaps there is reference, Isa 19:1, The idols of Egypt shall be moved at his presence.
2. Concerning their travels towards Canaan. Observe, (1.) They were continually upon the remove. When they had pitched a little while in one place they departed from that to another. Such is our state in this world; we have here no continuing city. (2.) Most of their way lay through a wilderness, uninhabited, untracked, unfurnished even with the necessaries of human life, which magnifies the wisdom and power of God, by whose wonderful conduct and bounty the thousands of Israel not only subsisted for forty years in that desolate place, but came out at least as numerous and vigorous as they went in. At first they pitched in the edge of the wilderness (Nu 33:6), but afterwards in the heart of it; by less difficulties God prepares his people for greater. We find them in the wilderness of Etham (Nu 33:8), of Sin (Nu 33:11), of Sinai, Nu 33:15. Our removals in this world are but from one wilderness to another. (3.) They were led to and fro, forward and backward, as in a maze or labyrinth, and yet were all the while under the direction of the pillar of cloud and fire. He led them about (De 32:10), and yet led them the right way, Ps 107:7. The way which God takes in bringing his people to himself is always the best way, though it does not always seem to us the nearest way. (4.) Some events are mentioned in this journal, as their want of water at Rephidim (Nu 33:14), the death of Aaron (Nu 33:38,39), the insult of Arad (Nu 33:40); and the very name of Kibroth-hattaavah—the graves of lusts (Nu 33:16), has a story depending upon it. Thus we ought to keep in mind the providences of God concerning us and our families, us and our land, and the many instances of that divine care which has led us, and fed us, and kept us, all our days hitherto. Shittim, the place where the people sinned in the matter of Peor (Nu 25:1), is here called Abel-shittim. Abel signifies mourning (as Ge 50:11), and probably this place was so called from the mourning of the good people of Israel on account of that sin and of God's wrath against them for it. It was so great a mourning that it gave a name to the place.
50-56
The Canaanites Doomed (1452 BC)
繁體中文
迦南人必被滅（主前 1452 年）
⁵⁰ 耶和華在摩押平原、約旦河邊、耶利哥對面，曉諭摩西說： ⁵¹ 你告訴以色列人說：你們過約旦河進迦南地的時候， ⁵² 就要從你們面前趕出那地所有的居民，毀壞他們一切的石像，毀壞他們一切鑄成的偶像，拆毀他們一切的邱壇。 ⁵³ 你們要奪那地，住在其中；因我已將那地賜給你們為業。 ⁵⁴ 你們要按著各家拈鬮承受那地為業：人多的多給產業，人少的少給產業；各人所拈的鬮，產業就歸在何處；你們要按著祖宗的支派承受。 ⁵⁵ 你們若不趕出那地的居民，所容留的居民就必作你們眼中的刺、肋下的荊棘，也必在你們所住的地上擾害你們。 ⁵⁶ 並且我素常怎樣想要待他們，也必照樣待你們。
以色列人在曠野時，他們與萬民的完全分離使他們免受拜偶像的試探；也許他們在曠野長久受困，這正是其中一個用意——藉此使埃及的偶像被遺忘，使百姓（可以說）被風乾淨化，脫離那種傳染，使進入迦南的那一代人成為從未認識撒但深奧之理的人。但如今他們將要過約旦河，重新進入那試探之中；因此，1. 此處他們受嚴嚴吩咐要徹底毀滅一切拜偶像的殘餘。他們不僅要趕出那地的居民，好得著他們的國土，還要塗抹他們一切拜偶像的圖像和偶像，並拆毀他們一切的邱壇（民 33:52）。他們不可保留其中任何一件——哪怕是當作滿足好奇心的古物，或是房屋的裝飾，或是給孩子們玩耍的玩具——而要毀滅一切，既作為他們對拜偶像之憎惡痛恨的記號，也為了防止他們受試探去敬拜那些偶像和它們所代表的假神，或藉著這類像和形像來敬拜以色列的神。2. 他們得著保證：他們若如此行，神必漸漸使他們完全佔有應許之地（民 33:53-54）。他們若保守自己不染迦南的偶像，神必以迦南的財富使他們富足。不要學他們的道，也就不必懼怕他們的勢力。3. 他們受警告：他們若姑息偶像或拜偶像的人，就必被自己的杖所擊打，他們的罪必定成為他們的刑罰。（1）他們會在自己懷中養蛇（民 33:55）。迦南人的餘民，他們若與他們結盟——哪怕是停戰協議——就必成為眼中的刺、肋下的荊棘，就是說，他們必在各樣情形下擾害他們，侮辱他們、搶奪他們，並盡其所能地在他們中間製造禍患。我們可以預料，凡我們在罪中放縱的事物——無論是甚麼——都必帶來麻煩和痛苦；我們情願讓甚麼試探我們，就會發現甚麼會擾害我們。（2）公義的神要將那本要壓碎迦南人的輪子轉過來碾在以色列人身上：「我素常怎樣想要待他們，也必照樣待你們」（民 33:56）。原意是迦南人要被趕出；但以色列人若與他們同流、學他們的道，他們就也要被趕出，因為神對他們的不悅理當比對迦南人本身更大。願我們聽見這話就懼怕。我們若不把罪趕出去，罪就要把我們趕出去；我們若不作我們情慾的死，我們的情慾就要作我們靈魂的死。
英文原文
The Canaanites Doomed (1452 BC)
⁵⁰ And the LORD spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho, saying,
⁵¹ Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye are passed over Jordan into the land of Canaan;
⁵² Then ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, and destroy all their pictures, and destroy all their molten images, and quite pluck down all their high places:
⁵³ And ye shall dispossess the inhabitants of the land, and dwell therein: for I have given you the land to possess it.
⁵⁴ And ye shall divide the land by lot for an inheritance among your families: and to the more ye shall give the more inheritance, and to the fewer ye shall give the less inheritance: every man's inheritance shall be in the place where his lot falleth; according to the tribes of your fathers ye shall inherit.
⁵⁵ But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you; then it shall come to pass, that those which ye let remain of them shall be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides, and shall vex you in the land wherein ye dwell.
⁵⁶ Moreover it shall come to pass, that I shall do unto you, as I thought to do unto them.
While the children of Israel were in the wilderness their total separation from all other people kept them out of the way of temptation to idolatry, and perhaps this was one thing intended by their long confinement in the wilderness, that thereby the idols of Egypt might be forgotten, and the people aired (as it were) and purified from that infection, and the generation that entered Canaan might be such as never knew those depths of Satan. But now that they were to pass over Jordan they were entering again into that temptation, and therefore, 1. They are here strictly charged utterly to destroy all remnants of idolatry. They must not only drive out the inhabitants of the land, that they may possess their country, but they must deface all their idolatrous pictures and images, and pull down all their high places, Nu 33:52. They must not preserve any of them, no, not as monuments of antiquity to gratify the curious, nor as ornaments of their houses, nor toys for their children to play with, but they must destroy all, both in token of their abhorrence and detestation of idolatry and to prevent their being tempted to worship those images, and the false gods represented by them, or to worship the God of Israel by such images or representations. 2. They were assured that, if they did so, God would by degrees put them in full possession of the land of promise, Nu 33:53,54. If they would keep themselves pure from the idols of Canaan, God would enrich them with the wealth of Canaan. Learn not their way, and then fear not their power. 3. They were threatened that, if they spared either the idols or the idolaters, they should be beaten with their own rod and their sin would certainly be their punishment. (1.) They would foster snakes in their own bosoms, Nu 33:55. The remnant of the Canaanites, if they made any league with them, though it were but a cessation of arms, would be pricks in their eyes and thorns in their sides, that is, they would be upon all occasions vexatious to them, insulting them, robbing them, and, to the utmost of their power, making mischief among them. We must expect trouble and affliction from that, whatever it is, which we sinfully indulge; that which we are willing should tempt us we shall find will vex us. (2.) The righteous God would turn that wheel upon the Israelites which was to have crushed the Canaanites: I shall do to you as I thought to do unto them, Nu 33:56. It was intended that the Canaanites should be dispossessed; but if the Israelites fell in with them, and learned their way, they should be dispossessed, for God's displeasure would justly be greater against them than against the Canaanites themselves. Let us hear this, and fear. If we do not drive sin out, sin will drive us out; if we be not the death of our lusts, our lusts will be the death of our souls.
本章記述：一、以色列人從出埃及到進入迦南，其間遷移與紮營的詳細記錄，共四十二處，並其中某些地點所發生的若干顯著事件，民 33:1-49。二、嚴厲的命令，要他們趕出迦南地所有的居民——他們正要去征服並得這地為業，民 33:50-56。因此本章前半回顧他們穿越曠野的行軍，後半則前瞻他們在迦南的定居。