1
John 6:1
英語原文
Jesus went over - Went to the east side of the sea. The place to which he went was Bethsaida, Luke 9:10. The account of this miracle of feeding the five thousand is recorded also in Matthew 14:13-21; Mark 6:32-44; Luke 9:10-17. John has added a few circumstances omitted by the other evangelists.
2
John 6:2
「自分たちの見たあのしるしのゆえに」――すなわち、彼らは、イエスが自分たちの必要を満たす力を持っておられるのを見て、それゆえイエスに従ったのである。John 6:26 を参照せよ。Matthew 14:14 とも比較せよ。
英語原文
Because they saw his miracles ... - They saw that he had the power to supply their wants, and they therefore followed him. See John 6:26. Compare also Matthew 14:14.
3
無題
英語原文
4
John 6:4
「過越の祭り」――Matthew 26:2, Matthew 26:17 の注釈を参照せよ。
「ユダヤ人の祭り」――これは、ヨハネがユダヤの習慣を知らない者たちのために書いたことを示す、説明的事情の一つである。
英語原文
The passover - See the notes at Matthew 26:2, Matthew 26:17.
A feast of the Jews - This is one of the circumstances of explanation thrown in by John which show that he wrote for those who were unacquainted with Jewish customs.
5
無題
英語原文
6
John 6:6
「彼を試すため」――彼を試みるためである。すなわち、彼に信仰があるかどうか、またイエスが彼らを養う力を持っておられると信じていることを彼が示すかどうかを見るためである。
英語原文
To prove him - To try him; to see if he had faith, or if he would show that he believed that Jesus had power to supply them.
7
無題
英語原文
8
無題
英語原文
9
無題
英語原文
10
無題
英語原文
11
無題
英語原文
12
John 6:12
「残っているパンくずを集めなさい」――この命令は他の福音書記者たちには省かれている。これは、むだを出さないようにとのイエスの配慮を示すものである。彼にはどんな量の食物でも備える力がおありになったが、それでもここで彼は、摂理の賜物が浪費されてはならないことを私たちに教えられた。救い主は、無限の供給をご自分の自由にできるお方でありながら、すべてのことにおいて倹約の模範を私たちに示された。すべての主でありながら、ご自身は節約されたのである。彼がこのように倹約されたなら、依存する被造物である私たちが、恵み深い摂理の賜物をむだにしないのは当然である。とりわけ富める者たちは、摂理の賜物を浪費しないことがふさわしい。彼らはしばしば、自分たちが富んでいると感じる。十分にある。欠乏の恐れがなく、節約を心がける必要を感じない。しかし、覚えてほしい。彼らの持っているものは神の賜物である――救い主が造られたパンと魚がそうであったのと、まったく同じ確かさで。それは彼らに、むだにするためにも、放縦に費やすためにも、健康を損ないいのちを縮める手段とするためにも与えられたのではない。それはいのちを支え、感謝を呼び起こし、神の積極的な奉仕にふさわしい者とするために与えられたのである。すべてのものがその適切な目的に用いられ、何ものも浪費されたり失われたりしてはならない。
英語原文
Gather up the fragments - This command is omitted by the other evangelists. It shows the care of Jesus that there should be no waste. Though he had power to provide any quantity of food, yet he has here taught us that the bounties of Providence are not to be squandered. In all things the Saviour set us an example of frugality, though he had an infinite supply at his disposal; he was himself economical, though he was Lord of all. If he was thus saving, it becomes us dependent creatures not to waste the bounties of a beneficent Providence. And it especially becomes the rich not to squander the bounties of Providence. They often feel that they are rich. They have enough. They have no fear of want, and they do not feel the necessity of studying economy. Yet let them remember that what they have is the gift of God - just as certainly as the loaves and fishes created by the Saviour were his gift. It is not given them to waste, nor to spend in riot, nor to be the means of injuring their health or of shortening life. It is given to sustain life, to excite gratitude, to fit for the active service of God. Everything should be applied to its appropriate end, and nothing should be squandered or lost.
13
無題
英語原文
14
John 6:14
「あの預言者」――メシアのこと。奇跡を行う力、またそこに現れた慈善心は、彼が長く待ち望まれていたメシアであることを示した。
英語原文
That Prophet ... - The Messiah. The power to work the miracle, and the benevolence manifested in it, showed that he was the long-expected Messiah.
15
John 6:15
イエスはお気づきになって... - 彼らはその奇跡によって、この方がメシアであると確信した。彼らは、メシアはこの世の君主になるはずだと考えていた。彼らは、イエスが身を引いておられ、野心を抱かず、職位の標章を帯びようとされないのを見た。そこで彼らは、この方を長く待ち望まれていた王として宣言し、地上の君主としての性格と称号を帯びるよう強いようと考えたのである。人々はしばしば神に指図しようとし、何が正しいかについて自分たちのほうが神よりよく分かっていると思い込んでいる。人々は華やかさと権力を好むが、イエスは退隠を求め、深いへりくだりを示された。この方はこの民族の栄誉と感謝とに対する権利を持ちながらも、そのような仕方でそれを求めることはなかった。また、この方に従う者たちがこの方を外面的な華やかさと王権の座に押し上げようとしたことは、彼らの中の正しい精神を示すものではなかったのである。
英語原文
When Jesus perceived ... - They were satisfied by the miracle that he was the Messiah. They supposed that the Messiah was to be a temporal prince. They saw that Jesus was retiring, unambitious, and indisposed to assume the ensigns of office. They thought, therefore, that they would proclaim him as the long-expected king, and constrain him to assume the character and titles of an earthly prince. Men often attempt to dictate to God, and suppose that they understand what is right better than he does. They are fond of pomp and power, but Jesus sought retirement, and evinced profound humility. Though he had claims to the honor and gratitude of the nation, yet he sought it not in this way; nor did it evince a proper spirit in his followers when they sought to advance him to a place of external splendor and regal authority.
16
John 6:16
海の上を歩まれたこの奇跡については、Matthew 14:22-33の注釈を参照のこと。Mark 6:45-52と比較せよ。
英語原文
See this miracle of walking on the sea explained in the notes at Matthew 14:22-33. Compare Mark 6:45-52.
16-21
無題
英語原文
17
無題
英語原文
18
無題
英語原文
19
無題
英語原文
20
無題
英語原文
21
John 6:21
すぐに - 速やかに、長い時間を経ないでという意味である。彼らが陸からどれほど離れていたのかは分からないが、この場合に奇跡があったという証拠はない。「すぐに」と訳されている語は、時間の間隔が全くなかったことを必然的に含意するのではなく、長い間隔はなかったことを意味する。それゆえ、種を蒔く者のたとえにおいて Matthew 13:5、「するとすぐに(ギリシヤ語では同じ語)芽を出した」などと用いられており、Mark 4:17; Matthew 24:29; 3 John 1:14 も同様である。
英語原文
Immediately - Quickly. Before a long time. How far they were from the land we know not, but there is no evidence that there was a miracle in the case. The word translated "immediately" does not of necessity imply that there was no interval of time, but that there was not a long interval. Thus, in Matthew 13:5, in the parable of the sower, "and immediately (the same word in Greek) they sprung up," etc., Mark 4:17; Matthew 24:29; 3 John 1:14.
22
John 6:22
海の向こう側に立っていた群衆 - すなわち東側、イエスと同じ側にいた人々のことである。その地方が海の向こう側、あるいは彼岸の地方と呼ばれたのは、著者と人々とが西側に住んでいたからである。
イエスは弟子たちと一緒には行かれなかった - イエスはひとりで祈るために山に入って行かれた、John 6:15。Mark 6:46 と比較せよ。
英語原文
The people which stood on the other side of the sea - That is, on the east side, or on the same side with Jesus. The country was called the region beyond or on, the other side of the sea, because the writer and the people lived on the west side.
Jesus went not with his disciples - He had gone into a mountain to pray alone, John 6:15. Compare Mark 6:46.
23
John 6:23
ほかの舟が来た - 弟子たちが出発した後に、という意味である。これが付け加えられているのは、続く内容から、人々が、弟子たちが出発した後、イエスがそれらの舟の一つに乗ってカペナウムに行かれたと考えていたと思われるからである。
テベリヤから - この町は湖の西岸に、奇跡が行われた場所から遠くないところにあった。ティベリウス皇帝を記念してそう呼ばれた。ヘロデ・アンテパスが建て、彼によってガリラヤの首都とされた。この町は後に、ユダヤ学問の有名な中心地となった。現在はタバリアと呼ばれ、かなりな規模の場所である。主にトルコ人が住み、非常に暑く不健康である。アメリカの宣教師フィスク氏は、1823年にテベリヤ(タバリア)に滞在した。旧市街は城壁に囲まれているが、その内部は非常に荒廃しており、南へ1、2マイルの平野は廃墟が散在している。湖から流れ出るところのヨルダン川は非常に浅く、牛やろばでも容易に渡ることができた。フィスク氏は、ペテロの家と呼ばれる家を見せられた。それはギリシヤ・カトリック教会として用いられており、その地で唯一の教会であった。クリスチャンの家族の数は30ないし40で、みなギリシヤ・カトリックであった。ユダヤ人には二つの宗派があり、それぞれが会堂を持っていた。
ユダヤ人の人口は約1,000人と見積もられていた。1837年1月1日、テベリヤは地震によって破壊された。トムソン博士(『聖地と聖書』第2巻76、77ページ)はこの町について次のように述べている。「エルサレムの滅亡以来、この町は主としてユダヤ人との関わりにおいて有名であり、長い間、ラビ的学問の主要な中心地であった。今なお、ユダヤ人の四つの聖なる町の一つである。クリスチャンの間でも早くから名声を得ており、私たちの主がペテロに最後の委託を与えられた場所の上に建てられた古い教会は、教会古器物の中の選りすぐられた一片である。現在の市は、この小さな平野の北東の角、海岸に位置している。城壁は不規則な平行四辺形を囲んでおり、南北におよそ100ロッド、幅は40ロッドを超えない。城壁は、西に10の丸い塔、北に5つ、南に8つによって強化されていた。また、海からの攻撃から市を守るために、海岸沿いに2、3の塔があった。この小さな区域の半分少ししか建物で占められておらず、岩の丘である北端には、古い宮殿の廃墟のほかには何もない。
1837年の地震は城壁の大部分を倒壊させたが、まだ修復されておらず、おそらく永遠に修復されないであろう。シリヤには、テベリヤほど完全に不潔な町はなく、住居としてこれほど望ましくない町もない。海面下600フィートに位置し、西には地中海のそよ風を効果的に遮る高い山がそびえているため、夏は恐ろしく暑い。私が最後に浴場のそばに野営したとき、真夜中でも温度計は100度を示し、湖面からは、巨大な燻る火山から立ち上るかのような蒸気が立ちのぼっていた。当然、あらゆる種類の害虫がわいている。何が人間をこのような場所に定住させるのであろうか。しかも、私たちの同類の約2,000人が、この地を選び取った住処としているのである。彼らは主にユダヤ人であり、この地の浴場でらい病に冒された身を洗い清めるため、あるいはこの地の伝統的で儀式的な聖さとの触れ合いによって汚れた霊を浄めるために、ここに引き寄せられた人々である。」
英語原文
There came other boats - After the disciples had departed. This is added because, from what follows, it appears that they supposed that he had entered one of those boats and gone to Capernaum after his disciples had departed.
From Tiberias - This town stood on the western borders of the lake, not far from where the miracle had been performed. It was so called in honor of the Emperor Tiberius. It was built by Herod Antipas, and was made by him the capital of Galilee. The city afterward became a celebrated seat of Jewish learning. It is now called Tabaria, and is a considerable place. It is occupied chiefly by Turks, and is very hot and unhealthy. Mr. Fisk, an American missionary, was at Tiberius (Tabaria) in 1823. The old town is surrounded by a wall, but within it is very ruinous, and the plain for a mile or two south is strewed with ruins. The Jordan, where it issues from the lake, was so shallow that cattle and asses forded it easily. Mr. Fisk was shown a house called the house of Peter, which is used as the Greek Catholic church, and is the only church in the place. The number of Christian families is 30 or 40, all Greek Catholics. There were two sects of Jews, each of whom had a synagogue.
The Jewish population was estimated at about 1,000. On the 1st of January, 1837, Tiberius was destroyed by an earthquake. Dr. Thomson (The Land and the Book, vol. ii. pp. 76, 77) says of this city: "Ever since the destruction of Jerusalem, it has been chiefly celebrated in connection with the Jews, and was for a long time the chief seat of rabbinical learning. It is still one of their four holy cities. Among the Christians it also early rose to distinction, and the old church, built upon the spot where our Lord gave his last charge to Peter, is a choice bit of ecclesiastical antiquity. The present city is situated on the shore, at the northeast corner of this small plain. The walls inclose an irregular parallelogram, about 100 rods from north to south, and in width not more than 40. They were strengthened by ten round towers on the west, five on the north, and eight on the south. There were also two or three towers along the shore to protect the city from attack by sea. Not much more than one-half of this small area is occupied by buildings of any kind, and the north end, which is a rocky hill, has nothing but the ruins of the old palace.
The earthquake of 1837 prostrated a large part of the walls, and they have not yet been repaired, and perhaps never will be. There is no town in Syria so utterly filthy as Tiberius, or so little to be desired as a residence. Being 600 feet below the level of the ocean, and overhung on the west by a high mountain, which effectually shuts off the Mediterranean breezes, it is fearfully hot in summer. The last time I was encamped at the Baths the thermometer stood at 100 at midnight, and a steam went up from the surface of the lake as from some huge, smouldering volcano. Of course it swarms with all sorts of vermin. What can induce human beings to settle down in such a place? And yet some 2,000 of our race make it their chosen abode. They are chiefly Jews, attracted hither either to cleanse their leprous bodies in her baths, or to purify their unclean spirits by contact with her traditionary and ceremonial holiness."
24
John 6:24
舟に乗った - 舟の中に入った、ということである。
カペナウムに来た - ここはイエスが通常滞在しておられた場所であったので、彼らはイエスをそこで見つけられると期待したのである。
英語原文
Took shipping - Went into the boats.
Came to Capernaum - This was the ordinary place of the residence of Jesus, and they therefore expected to find him there.
25
無題
英語原文
26
John 6:26
あなたがたがわたしを尋ね求めているのは…ためではありません - イエスの行われた奇跡は、彼が神から来られたことの証拠であった。人々がそれらを見、それによって彼がメシアであると確信したから彼を尋ね求めたのなら、それは正当なことであったであろう。しかし、単に自分たちの必要が満たされたからというだけで彼に従うことは、粗末な種類の純粋な利己主義にすぎなかった。しかし、ああ、多くの者がこれより良い動機なしに宗教を求めている。彼らは、それが自分たちの地上の幸福を増すだろうと考え、あるいは苦しみや良心のとがめから逃れることだけを求め、あるいは天を単なる楽しみの場所としてのみ求め、宗教をこのことのためだけに価値あるものとみなす。これらすべては純粋な利己主義である。宗教は、自分自身の幸福を重んじ、適切な仕方でそれを求めることを禁じない。しかしこれが唯一の、あるいは支配的な動機であるなら、私たちがいまだ神を正しく求めたことがないことは明らかである。私たちは神の誉れと神の国の善ではなく、パンと魚を目当てにしているのである。そして、これが教会に入る唯一の、あるいは主要な動機であるなら、私たちはクリスチャンであることはできない。
英語原文
Ye seek me, not because ... - The miracles which Jesus performed were proofs that he came from God. To seek him because they had seen them, and were convinced by them that he was the Messiah, would have been proper; but to follow him simply because their wants were supplied was mere selfishness of a gross kind. Yet, alas! many seek religion from no better motive than this. They suppose that it will add to their earthly happiness, or they seek only to escape from suffering or from the convictions of conscience, or they seek for heaven only as a place of enjoyment, and regard religion as valuable only for this. All this is mere selfishness. Religion does not forbid our regarding our own happiness, or seeking it in any proper way; but when this is the only or the prevailing motive, it is evident that we have never yet sought God aright. We are aiming at the loaves and fishes, and not at the honor of God and the good of his kingdom; and if this is the only or the main motive of our entering the church, we cannot be Christians.
27
John 6:27
働くのではありません - これは、自分の必要を満たすためにいかなる努力もするな、という意味ではない(1 Timothy 5:1、2 Thessalonians 3:10 と比較せよ)。むしろ、思い煩いを表してはならない、またこれを自分の願いの主要な、あるいは最高の対象としてはならない、ということである。Matthew 6:25 の注解を見よ。
なくなっていく食物 - あなたがたの自然的な必要を満たすための食物のことである。それは滅びる。そこから得る力はまもなく尽き、消耗した力は再び新たにされなければならない。
とこしえへのいのちに至る食物 - あなたがたの霊的な必要を満たすもの、すなわちたましいを支え、養い、強くするものである。福音の教理は、疲れ衰えていくからだに必要な食物がそうであるように、弱く罪あるたましいにとってそのようなものである。
永遠のいのちに至る - 福音の教理から得られる力は尽きることがない。それはすり減ることなく続く。それはたましいを永遠のいのちへと養う。「主を待ち望む者は新しく力を得、わしのように翼を広げて上昇し、走ってもたゆまず、歩いても疲れない」(Isaiah 40:31)。
父なる神はその方に印を押された - 印を押すとは、自分のものとして確証し、承認することである。これは、契約書、証書、あるいは遺言に印を押して、それを自分の行為として承認するときになされることである。同様に、父なる神は、イエスによって行われた奇跡によって、神が彼を遣わされたこと、その教えを承認されたこと、そのわざを確証されたことを示されたのである。奇跡は、彼の教えに対して、印章が文書に対するのと同じものであった。John 3:33 の注解を見よ。
英語原文
Labour not - This does not mean that we are to make no effort for the supply of our wants (compare 1 Timothy 5:1; 2 Thessalonians 3:10), but that we are not to manifest anxiety, we are not to make this the main or supreme object of our desire. See the notes at Matthew 6:25.
The meat that perisheth - The food for the supply of your natural needs. It perishes. The strength you derive from it is soon exhausted, and your wasted powers need to be reinvigorated.
That meat which endureth - The supply of your spiritual wants; that which supports, and nourishes, and strengthens the soul; the doctrines of the gospel, that are to a weak and guilty soul what needful food is to the weary and decaying body.
To everlasting life - The strength derived from the doctrines of the gospel is not exhausted. It endures without wasting away. It nourishes the soul to everlasting life. "They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall run and not be weary, and shall walk and not faint," Isaiah 40:31.
Him hath God the Father sealed - To seal is to confirm or approve as ours. This is done when we set our seal to a compact, or deed, or testament, by which we ratify it as our act. So God the Father, by the miracles which had been performed by Jesus, had shown that he had sent him, that he approved his doctrines, and ratified his works. The miracles were to his doctrine what a seal is to a written instrument. See the notes at John 3:33.
28
John 6:28
わたしたちは何をしたら、神のわざを行なうことができるのでしょうか - すなわち、神が認めてくださるようなわざを行うには何をすべきか、という意味である。これは、救いを求めていた人々の真剣な問いであった。彼らは彼を求めてティベリアの海を渡り、彼をメシアと考え、いのちの道を教えられることを切に望んでいた。しか注目すべきは、彼らがほかの罪人たちが通常そうするように、自分たちの行いによってその道を見出そうと期待していたことである。救いを受けるに足る功績を得るために何かをしなければならないという考えは、罪人が最後まで手放そうとしないものの一つである。
英語原文
What shall we do, that we might work the works of God? - That is, such things as God will approve. This was the earnest inquiry of men who were seeking to be saved. They had crossed the Sea of Tiberias to seek him; they supposed him to be the Messiah, and they sincerely desired to be taught the way of life; yet it is observable that they expected to find that way as other sinners commonly do - by their works. The idea of doing something to merit salvation is one of the last that the sinner ever surrenders.
29
John 6:29
神のわざとはこのことです - これが神に受け入れられるわざ、すなわち救われるためにあなたがたのなすべきわざである、という意味である。イエスは、彼らには何もすることがない、あるいは座して待つべきだと語られたのではない。むしろ、成すべきわざがあり、それは欠かすことのできない義務であると言われた。それは、メシアを信じることであった。これこそ罪人のなすべきわざであり、これを行うことで彼らは救われる。なぜなら、キリストは、信じるすべての人を義とするために律法の目標となられるからである、Romans 10:4。
英語原文
This is the work of God - This is the thing that will be acceptable to God, or which you are to do in order to be saved. Jesus did not tell them they had nothing to do, or that they were to sit down and wait, but that there was a work to perform, and that was a duty that was imperative. It was to believe on the Messiah. This is the work which sinners are to do; and doing this they will be saved, for Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone that believeth, Romans 10:4.
30
John 6:30
どんなしるしを見せてくれるのか - 「しるし」という語については、Isaiah 7:14の注釈を比較せよ。あなたがメシアであることを証明するために、どんな奇跡を行うのか、という意味である。彼らはつい先ほど、荒野でパンの奇跡を見たばかりであり、それだけでも彼がメシアであることを示すのに十分であった。また、前の記述から見ると、彼に会うために湖を渡って来た人々は、彼がキリストであると考えていたようである。それほど直ぐに、神が彼を遣わされたことのさらなる証拠を求めたというのは驚くべきことに思われる。しかし、この質問は、たまたまその場に居合わせて彼の奇跡を目撃していなかったほかのユダヤ人たち、すなわち会堂の指導者たちによって出された可能性もなくはない。そうした人々は、彼がメシアであることのしるしと証拠を絶えず求めていたのである。Matthew 12:38-39、Mark 8:11、Luke 11:29を見よ。イエスは彼らを教える権利を主張されたし、イエスが、彼らがモーセの教えだと考えていたこととは異なることを教えるようになることも明らかであったから、イエスが何の権威によって聞かれる権利を主張しておられるのかを問うのは自然なことであった。
英語原文
What sign showest thou? - On the word sign, compare the notes at Isaiah 7:14. What miracle dost thou work to prove that thou art the Messiah? They had just seen the miracle of the loaves in the desert, which was sufficient to show that he was the Messiah, and it would seem from the preceding narrative that those who crossed the lake to see him supposed that he was the Christ. It seems wonderful that they should so soon ask for further evidence that he was sent from God; but it is not improbable that this question was put by other Jews, rulers of the synagogue, who happened to be present, and who had not witnessed his miracles. Those men were continually asking for signs and proofs that he was the Messiah. See Matthew 12:38-39; Mark 8:11; Luke 11:29. As Jesus claimed the right of teaching them, and as it was manifest that he would teach them differently from what they supposed Moses to teach, it was natural to ask him by what authority he claimed the right to be heard.
31
John 6:31
私たちの先祖 - モーセに導かれて荒野を通過したユダヤ人たちのことである。
マナを食べました - これは、旅路の間に神が彼らに備えてくださった食物に、ユダヤ人が付けた名前である。文字どおりには「これは何か」という意味であり、彼らがそれを初めて見たときに尋ねた問いであった。Exodus 16:14-15。それは霜のように小さく、コエンドロの実ほどの大きさで、蜜のような甘い味がした。それは大量に降り、ユダヤ人たちはそれを、四十年の間続いた奇跡の証拠、また神が彼らの先祖たちのために介入されたことの反駁できない証拠とみなした。薬屋で売られているマナは、これとは別の物質である。それはアルメニア、グルジア、ペルシア、アラビアの特定の木の樹皮から得られる。樹脂を採るときと同じように、樹皮に切り込みを入れて採取され、木から流れ出、あるいは滴り落ちるのである。
書いてあるとおり - この内容の要点はPsalm 78:24-25に記されている。
お与えになりました - これは彼らのための奇跡的な介入、またモーセが神から遣わされたことの証明とみなされた。それゆえ彼らは、モーセがそれを自分たちに与えた、とごく当たり前に語ったのである。
天から来たパン - 聖書において「天」という語は、しばしば空気の領域、大気、あるいは雲のある領域を指す。Matthew 16:3、「空(天)は赤く、雲の間は曇っている」を見よ。またMatthew 3:16、Luke 4:15、Luke 5:18も見よ。ユダヤ人たちは、彼らの文書からうかがえるとおり(Lightfootを見よ)、メシアが自分に従う者たちにおいしい食物を豊かに与えると期待していた。そして、モーセが荒野でユダヤ人たちのために備えたように、キリストも自分の友人たちのこの世的な必要を備えてくださるはずだと考えていた。おそらくこれこそ、彼らがいま見たいと望んでいたしるしであった。
英語原文
Our fathers - The Jews who were led by Moses through the wilderness.
Did eat manna - This was the name given by the Jews to the food which was furnished to them by God in their journey. It means literally, "What is this?" and was the question which they asked when they first saw it, Exodus 16:14-15. It was small like frost, and of the size of coriander-seed, and had a sweetish taste like honey. It fell in great quantities, and was regarded by the Jews as proof of a continued miracle during forty years, and was incontestable evidence of the interposition of God in favor of their fathers. The manna which is sold in the shops of druggists is a different substance from this. It is obtained from the bark of certain trees in Armenia, Georgia, Persia, and Arabia. It is procured, as resin is, by making an incision in the bark, and it flows out or distils from the tree.
As it is written - The substance of this is written in Psalm 78:24-25.
He gave them - This was regarded as a miraculous interference in their behalf, and an attestation of the divine mission of Moses, and hence they said familiarly that Moses gave it to them.
Bread from heaven - The word "heaven," in the Scriptures, denotes often the region of the air, the atmosphere, or that region in which the clouds are. See Matthew 16:3; "The sky (heaven) is red and lowering." Also Matthew 3:16; Luke 4:15; Luke 5:18. The Jews, as appears from their writings (see Lightfoot), expected that the Messiah would provide his followers with plenty of delicious food; and as Moses had provided for the Jews in the wilderness, so they supposed that Christ would make provision for the temporal wants of his friends. This was the sign, probably, which they were now desirous of seeing.
32
John 6:32
「モーセはあなたがたに天から来たそのパンを与えたのではない」――これは「モーセはあなたがたに天のパンを与えたのではない」と訳すこともできよう。「その」という語は意味にいくらかの違いを生じさせるが、原文の意味を表すのに必須なものではない。イエスが先祖たちがモーセの働きを通して養われたという事実そのものを問題にしようとしたのではないように見える。むしろ、モーセは魂の必要に適った真のパンを与えなかった、と述べようとされたのである。彼は体を養ったが、その食物は体を生かし続けることができず(John 6:49)、また魂を死から保つものを与えもしなかった。神は、御子イエスにおいて、人に適った、彼らの一時的な必要を満たすいかなる供給よりもはるかに価値ある、天からの真のパンを与えられたのである。それゆえイエスは、彼らが考えていたような一時的な必要の供給を自分から求めてはならないことを、彼らに告げておられるのである。より良い賜物は、世のいのちのために御子が与えられることによって、すでに備えられていたのである。
「私の父があなたがたに与えておられる」――福音の中において、すなわち御子を賜物として与えることにおいてである。
「真のパン」――魂を死から守るために必要とされる、真実で実際の支えのことである。それは偽りではなく、欺くものではなく、滅びゆくものでもない。キリストがパンと呼ばれるのは、パンがいのちを支えるように、彼の教えが魂を支え、保ち、死から救うからである。彼は真の支えであり、それはモーセが与えたような単なる一時的な必要の供給に対するものというだけでなく、魂を欺き、滅ぼすすべての偽りの宗教に対するものという意味においてもそうである。
英語原文
Moses gave you not that bread from heaven - This might be translated, "Moses gave you not the bread of heaven." The word "that," which makes some difference in the sense, is not necessary to express the meaning of the original. It does not appear that Jesus intended to call in question the fact that their fathers were fed by the instrumentality of Moses, but to state that he did not give them the true bread that was adapted to the wants of the soul. He fed the Body, although his food did not keep the body alive John 6:49 but he did not give that which would preserve the soul from death. God gave, in his Son Jesus, the true bread from heaven which was fitted to man, and of far more value than any supply of their temporal wants. He tells them, therefore, that they are not to seek from him any such supply of their temporal wants as they had supposed. A better gift had been furnished in his being given for the life of the world.
My father giveth you - In the gospel; in the gift of his Son.
The true bread - The trite or real support which is needed to keep the soul from death. It is not false, deceitful, or perishing. Christ is called bread, because, as bread supports life, so his doctrine supports, preserves, and saves the soul from death. He is the true support, not only in opposition to the mere supply of temporal wants such as Moses furnished, but also in opposition to all false religion which deceives and destroys the soul.
33
John 6:33
「神のパン」――神が備えてくださる支えの手段のことである。神の見るところ、人に必要なもののことである。
「彼こそ…」――天から来られたメシアのことである。
「そして、いのちを与える…」――John 1:4 の注釈を見よ。
英語原文
The bread of God - The means of support which God furnishes. That which, in his view, is needful for man.
Is he ... - Is the Messiah who has come from heaven.
And giveth life ... - See the notes at John 1:4.
35
John 6:35
「わたしはいのちのパンである」――霊的ないのちのささえである、ということである。あるいは、わたしの教えは魂にいのちと平安を与える、という意味である。
「決して飢えることがない」――John 4:14の注釈を参照せよ。
英語原文
I am the bread of life - I am the support of spiritual life; or my doctrines will give life and peace to the soul.
Shall never hunger - See the notes at John 4:14.
36
John 6:36
「しかし、わたしはあなたがたに言った」――これはまさにその言葉どおりに言われたのではないが、実質的にはJohn 6:26でそのように言われたのである。彼らはイエスを見、その神的な使命について十分な証拠を持っていたにもかかわらず、信じなかった。次いでイエスは、彼らがご自身を信じなくとも、その働きは無駄にはならない、なぜならほかの人々がご自身のもとに来て救われるからである、と述べられるのである。
英語原文
But I said unto you - This he said, not in so many words, but in substance, in John 6:26. Though they saw him, and had full proof of his divine mission, yet they did not believe. Jesus then proceeds to state that, although they did not believe on him, yet his work would not be in vain, for others would come to him and be saved.
37
John 6:37
「すべての者」――原語は中性であるが、疑いなく男性の意味で用いられている。あるいは、一つの群れあるいはからだとして見られたご自身の民を指すのであろう。その意味は、父がイエスにお与えになった一人ひとりが、イエスのもとに来るであろうということである。
「父がわたしにお与えになる者は」――ここから私たちは、キリストのもとに来て救われる人々は、神がイエスにお与えになった者たちであることを学ぶ。
-
神は、イエスがその魂の苦しみを見る、すなわち「その疲れ果てる労苦の実」(ロス) を見て満足するであろうと約束された (Isaiah 53:11)。
-
すべての人は罪人であり、だれもあわれみを受ける権利を持たない。それゆえ神は、ご自身の望む者に救いをお与えになることができる。
-
すべての人は、自分自身としては福音を拒む傾向にある (John 5:40)。
-
神は、信じる者たちが信じることができるようにしてくださる。神は、みことばと聖霊によって彼らをご自身へと引き寄せられる。神は「彼らの心を開いて、聖書を理解させる」(Acts 16:14)。また、神は彼らに悔い改めをお与えになる (Acts 11:18; 2 Timothy 2:25)。
-
それゆえ、キリスト者となるすべての人は、イエスの苦しみに対する報いとしてイエスに与えられたと言うことができる。イエスの死が、彼らが贖い出された代価であったからである。パウロは言う (Ephesians 1:4-5)、「神は世界の基の置かれる前に、私たちをキリストのうちに選び、愛のうちに、御前で聖く傷のない者とするように、みこころの喜びにしたがって、イエス・キリストによって私たちをご自身の子として予定された」。
「わたしに来るであろう」――これは、彼らがイエスを信じるようになることを表す表現である。ある人のもとに来るということは、私たちが助けを必要としていること、その方が助けることができるという信頼、そしてその方に身を委ねる用意があることを含意する。罪人は、自分が貧しく、欠けた者、惨めな者であることを感じながらイエスのもとに来るのであり、イエスだけが自分を救うことができると信じて、そのあわれみに自分を委ねるのである。この表現はまた、人がキリストを信じるよう強制されるのではないことをも証明している。信じる者たちはイエスに与えられており、イエスの聖霊が彼らの中に信仰と悔い改めを働かせるとしても、彼らはイエスの力の日に自発的な者とされるのである (Psalm 110:3)。だれも、自分の意志に反して天に行かされることはなく、だれも自分の意志に反して地獄に行かされることもない。神の聖霊が一人の意志を傾けさせ、その人は道徳的な行為者として自由に来る。もう一方の者は死へ至る道を選ぶ。神がその者を救うために絶えず手段を用いておられるにもかかわらず、その者は災いへと下っていく道を選ぶのである。
「わたしに来る者を」――来るすべての者、すなわち、自分が失われ、滅びた罪人であることを感じつつ、正しい仕方で来るすべての者のことである。この招きは広く、満ちあふれ、自由である。それは神の限りないあわれみを示す。また、人が救われない理由、そしてその唯一の理由は、彼らがキリストのもとに来ようとしないことであることを示している。どの罪人についても、もし彼がキリストのもとに来ることを望んだなら、来て救われることができたと言うことができる。彼が来ることを選ばないのであるから、神が、どのような理由からであれ、来ることを喜んでいる他の人々を救われ、彼らを永遠のいのちにあずからせておられることを、神のせいにすることはできない。
「決して…ない」――いかなる仕方においても、あるいはいかなる時にも、という意味である。原語は単純に「わたしは追い出さない」である。
「追い出す」――退ける、あるいは救うことを拒む、ということである。この表現は聖徒の忍耐の教理を指すのではなく、イエスが、ご自身のもとに来るどんな罪人をも退けたり、拒んだりされないという事実を指すのである。
英語原文
All - The original word is in the neuter gender, but it is used, doubtless, for the masculine, or perhaps refers to his people considered as a mass or body, and means that every individual that the Father had given him should come to him.
The Father giveth me - We here learn that those who come to Christ, and who will be saved, are given to him by God.
-
God promised him that he should see of the travail of his soul - that is, "the fruit of his wearisome toil" (Lowth), and should be satisfied, Isaiah 53:11.
-
All men are sinners, and none have any claim to mercy, and he may therefore bestow salvation on whom he pleases.
-
All people of themselves are disposed to reject the gospel, John 5:40.
-
God enables those who do believe to do it. He draws them to Him by His Word and Spirit; "He opens their hearts to understand the Scriptures Acts 16:14; and He grants to them repentance, Acts 11:18; 2 Timothy 2:25.
-
All those who become Christians may therefore be said to be given to Jesus as the reward of his sufferings, for his death was the price by which they were redeemed. Paul says Ephesians 1:4-5 that, "he hath chosen us in him (that is, in Christ) before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love; having predestinated us unto the adoption of children to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will."
Shall come to me - This is an expression denoting that they would believe on him. To come to one implies our need of help, our confidence that he can aid us, and our readiness to trust to him. The sinner comes to Jesus feeling that he is poor, and needy, and wretched, and casts himself on his mercy, believing that he alone can save him. This expression also proves that men are not compelled to believe on Christ. Though they who believe are given to him, and though his Spirit works in them faith and repentance, yet they are made willing in the day of his power, Psalm 110:3. No man is compelled to go to heaven against his will, and no man is compelled to go to hell against his will. The Spirit of God inclines the will of one, and he comes freely as a moral agent. The other chooses the way to death; and, though God is constantly using means to save him, yet he prefers the path that leads down to woe.
Him that cometh - Everyone that comes - that is, everyone that comes in a proper mariner, feeling that he is a lost and ruined sinner. This invitation is wide, and full, and free. It shows the unbounded mercy of God; and it shows, also, that the reason, and the only reason, why men are not saved, is that they will not come to Christ. Of any sinner it may be said that if he had been willing to come to Christ he might have come and been saved. As he chooses not to come, he cannot blame God because he saves others who are willing, no matter from what cause, and who thus are made partakers of everlasting life.
In no wise - In no manner, or at no time. The original is simply, "I will not cast out."
Cast out - Reject, or refuse to save. This expression does not refer to the doctrine of perseverance of the saints, but to the fact that Jesus will not reject or refuse any sinner who comes to him.
38
John 6:38
「わたしが天から下って来たのは…」――この節は、イエスが特定の目的のために来られたことを示しており、その目的は次の節で述べられる。また、父のみこころを行うために来られたのであるから、その委ねられた務めに忠実であられるという意味である。聞く人々がイエスを拒むとしても、神のみこころは、ご自身のもとに来るべきある人々の救いにおいて成し遂げられるのである。
「わたしの思い」――John 5:30の注釈を参照せよ。
英語原文
For I came down ... - This verse shows that he came for a specific purpose, which he states in the next verse, and means that, as he came to do his Father's will, he would be faithful to the trust. Though his hearers should reject him, yet the will of God would be accomplished in the salvation of some who should come to Him.
Mine own will - See notes at John 5:30.
39
John 6:39
「父のみこころ」――ご自身の目的、願い、意図を指す。これが父のみこころであり、イエスはそれを行うために来られたのであるから、私たちはそれが成し遂げられることについて最高の保証を持っている。神のみこころは常に正しく、神はそれを行う力を持っておられる。イエスは常に忠実であられ、天においても地においてもすべての権威がイエスに与えられているので、イエスは神のみこころを最も確かに成し遂げられるであろう。
「すべてのもののうち」――すなわち、イエスを信じるすべての者、あるいはクリスチャンとなるすべての者を指す。John 6:37 を参照せよ。
「わたしは何ひとつ失わない」――文字どおりには「わたしは滅ぼさない」である。イエスはここで、それを永遠のいのちに至るまで保つと確言しておられる。すなわち、クリスチャンが死に、その肉体が朽ちに帰するとしても、彼は滅ぼされることがないのである。贖い主は、彼が墓の中にあっても彼を見守り、義人の復活に至るまで彼を保たれるであろう。これは、父がイエスにお与えになったすべての者について言明されているのであり、あるいは次の節の表現を借りれば、「彼を信じる者はみな永遠のいのちを持つ」のである。
「終わりの日に」――さばきの日を意味する。ユダヤ人は、義人はメシアの現れの時に起こされると考えていた。ライトフットを参照せよ。イエスは彼らを将来の復活へと導き、彼らが終わりの日、すなわちさばきの日に起こされることを宣言される。また、あるユダヤの著述家たちについては、彼らは悪人が起こされることは信じなかったと考えられ、またそう主張されている。それゆえ、終わりの日に起こされると語ることは、その人が義人であると言うことと同じであり、あるいは義人の特別な特権として語られたのである。これに従って、パウロは「なんとかして死人の復活に達したい」と言っている、Philippians 3:11。
英語原文
Father's will - His purpose; desire; intention. As this is the Father's will, and Jesus came to execute his will, we have the highest security that it will be done. God's will is always right, and he has power to execute it. Jesus was always faithful, and all power was given to him in heaven and on earth, and he will therefore most certainly accomplish the will of God.
Of all which - That is, of every one who believes on him, or of all who become Christians. See John 6:37.
I should lose nothing - Literally, "I should not destroy." He affirms here that he will keep it to life eternal; that, thought the Christian will die, and his body return to corruption, yet he will not be destroyed. The Redeemer will watch over him, though in his grave, and keep him to the resurrection of the just. This is affirmed of all who are given to him by the Father; or, as in the next verse, "Everyone that believeth on him shall have everlasting life."
At the last day - At the day of judgment. The Jews supposed that the righteous would be raised up at the appearing of the Messiah. See Lightfoot. Jesus directs them to a future resurrection, and declares to them that they will be raised at the last day - the day of judgment. It is also supposed and affirmed by some Jewish writers that they did not believe that the wicked would be raised. Hence, to speak of being raised up in the last day was the same as to say that one was righteous, or it was spoken of as the special privilege of the righteous. In accordance with this, Paul says, "If by any means I might attain unto the resurrection of the dead," Philippians 3:11.
40
John 6:40
「子を見て、彼を信じるすべての者は」――イエスを見、イエスの言葉を聞くだけでは十分でなく、またイエスを信じることが必要であった。多くのユダヤ人がイエスを見たが、イエスを信じた者はわずかであった。イエスは前の節で、父がイエスにお与えになった者はみな救われると仰せになった。しかし、イエスが人々に誤解される形で教理を残されることは決してなかった。もしある人がイエスに与えられているなら、それだけで必要なことはすべて満たされていると考えられたり、「もし私が救われるはずの者なら救われるだろうし、私の努力は無駄だろう」とだれかが言ったりしないようにするため、イエスはここで、人がイエスを信じることが必要であると仰せになる。これは、その人が神に与えられていることの証拠となり、その人が救われることの決定的な証拠となるであろう。もし救い主のこの説明が常に注意深く受け止められていたなら、選びの教理はこれまでのような乱用を受けることはなかったであろう。罪人たちは、自分たちがキリストに与えられているならすべてがよくなるだろうと言って、無関心の中に座り込むことはなかったであろう。彼らは放蕩息子のように立ち上がって神のもとに行ったであろうし、救い主を信じた後には、自分たちがイエスに与えられていることの証拠――謙遜で、悔い改めと信仰に満ちた心から生じる証拠――を持つようになったであろう。そしてそのとき、彼らは、イエスがご自身に与えられた者を一人も失うことなく、終わりの日にそれを起こされるという確信の中で喜ぶことができたのである。イエスがご自身で説かれたとおりのすべての教理は、安全で、純粋で、首尾一貫している。しかし人々がそれを説くときには、不幸にしてしばしば一貫性を欠き、反論を受けやすく、一方では絶望を、他方では思い上がった自己確信を生み出すものとなりがちである。イエスは、人々があたかも自分自身でそのわざをなし得るかのように天に入ることを努めるように教えられると同時に、あたかも神がすべてをなされたかのように、神の助けに依存し、神に栄光を帰するように教えられるのである。
英語原文
Every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him - It was not sufficient to see him and hear him, but it was necessary, also, to believe on him. Many of the Jews had seen him, but few believed on him. Jesus had said in the previous verse that all that the Father had given him should be saved. But he never left a doctrine so that men must misunderstand it. Lest it should be supposed that if a man was given to him this was all that was needful, and lest anyone should say, "If I am to be saved I shall be, and my efforts will be useless," he states here that it is necessary that a man should believe on him. This would be the evidence that he was given to God, and this would be evidence conclusive that he would be saved. If this explanation of the Saviour had always been attended to, the doctrine of election would not have been abused as it has been. Sinners would not sit down in unconcern, saying that if they are given to Christ all will be well. They would have arisen like the prodigal, and would have gone to God; and, having believed on the Saviour, they would then have had evidence that they were given to him - the evidence resulting from an humble, penitent, believing heart - and then they might rejoice in the assurance that Jesus would lose none that were given to him, but would raise it up at the last day. All the doctrines of Jesus, as he preached them, are safe, and pure, and consistent; as men preach them, they are, unhappily, often inconsistent and open to objection, and are either fitted to produce despair on the one hand, or presumptuous self-confidence on the ether. Jesus teaches men to strive to enter heaven, as if they could do the work themselves; and yet to depend on the help of God, and give the glory to him, as if he had done it all.
41
無題
英語原文
42
無題
英語原文
43
無題
英語原文
44
John 6:44
だれもわたしのもとに来ることはできない - これは、彼らの不満を戒めるためにイエスが語られたことばである。「あなたがたの間でつぶやき合ってはならない」。彼らは、イエスがモーセより大いなる者であると主張されたこと、また彼らがイエスをただの人と考え、イエスの語られたことは不可能だと考えたために、イエスの教えに反対し、それについて不平を述べたのである。イエスは、これらのことが困難に見えたということを否定されない。それゆえ、もしだれかが信じるなら、それは神がその人の心を傾けてくださったことの証拠である、と言われたのである。彼らが自ら進んでこの教えを受け入れるようになることは期待できなかった。もしだれかが信じるなら、それは神から影響を受けたためであろう。彼らが信じなかった理由を尋ねるとき、その理由は次のとおりであったと思われる。
-
彼らがモーセに対して不適切な敬意を抱いていたこと。だれもモーセに勝ることはできないかのように考えていたのである。
-
大工の息子だと見なされていることを知っていたイエスが、モーセより勝っていることを、彼らが信じたがらなかったこと。
-
この困難については、イエスは John 5:40 で彼らの意志の反対にあると説明し、John 5:44 では、彼らの栄誉を愛する心がイエスを信じることを妨げたと語られた。それゆえ、この場合の困難は、生まれつきの能力の欠如や、義務を行う力の欠如ではなく、誤った意見、高慢、頑固さ、うぬぼれ、そしてイエスに対する心の底からの軽蔑にあったのである。「できない」という語は、意志の強く激しい反対を表すためによく用いられる。たとえば私たちは、ある人があまりにも大きな嘘つきなので真実を語ることができない、あるいは、あまりにも不敬けんなので冒とくせずにはいられない、と言う。これによって意味しているのは、その人があまりにも悪いため、そのような性質を持っている限りそのような結果が伴うということなのであり、その習慣を断ち切ることができないと言おうとするのではない。同様に、Genesis 37:4 には、ヨセフの兄弟たちは彼を憎んでいたため、彼に穏やかに語ることができなかったと記されている。また、Matthew 12:34、「あなたがたは悪い者であるのに、どうして良いことを語ることができようか」。Luke 14:33、1 Samuel 16:2 を参照せよ。
わたしに来る - わたしを信じることと同じである。
その人を引き寄せる - ここでこの語は、明らかに、結果を確実なものとする、すなわち心を信じるように傾ける神の影響力を表すために用いられている。しかし、これがどのような仕方でなされるのかは、この語の使用だけでは定まらない。この語は新約聖書に六回用いられている。一度は、パウロとシラスが広場へ強制的に引き立てられたことに適用されている (Acts 16:19)。二度は、網を引き上げることを表すのに用いられている (John 21:6, John 21:11)。一度は剣を抜くことについて (John 18:10)。そして一度は、ここでの用法に近い意味で用いられている (John 12:32)。「わたしが地から上げられれば、すべての人をわたしのところに引き寄せよう」。ここでのその意味は、罪人の回心に関する事実によって決定されなければならない。John 6:40 の注釈を参照せよ。罪人の回心において、神は心を照らし (John 6:45)、意志を傾け (Psalm 110:3)、御自身の律法についての正しい見方、神の愛、戒め、警告によって、また幸福への願いと危険についての自覚によって、さらに聖霊が真理を心に適用し、その人が自分自身を救い主にお捧げするよう促すことによって、たましいに影響を及ぼされる。それゆえ、神がその人を傾け、すべての栄光をお受けになる一方で、人は強制なしに従うのである。障害は取り除かれ、その人は喜んで神に仕えるしもべとなる。
英語原文
No man can come to me - This was spoken by Jesus to reprove their complaints - "Murmur not among yourselves." They objected to his doctrine, or complained against it, because he claimed to be greater than Moses, and because they supposed him to be a mere man, and that what he said was impossible. Jesus does not deny that these things appeared difficult, and hence he said that if any man believed, it was proof that God had inclined him. It was not to be expected that of themselves they would embrace the doctrine. If any man believed, it would be because he had been influenced by God. When we inquire what the reasons were why they did not believe, they appear to have been:
-
Their improper regard for Moses, as if no one could be superior to him.
-
Their unwillingness to believe that Jesus, whom they knew to be the reputed son of a carpenter, should be superior to Moses.
-
The difficulty was explained by Jesus John 5:40 as consisting in the opposition of their will; and John 5:44 when he said that their love of honor prevented their believing on him. The difficulty in the case was not, therefore, a want of natural faculties, or of power to do their duty, but erroneous opinions, pride, obstinacy, self-conceit, and a deep-felt contempt for Jesus. The word cannot is often used to denote a strong and violent opposition of the will. Thus we say a man is so great a liar that he cannot speak the truth, or he is so profane that he cannot but swear. We mean by it that he is so wicked that while he has that disposition the other effects will follow, but we do not mean to say that he could not break off from the habit. Thus it is said Genesis 37:4 of the brethren of Joseph that they hated him, and could not speak peaceably to him. Thus Matthew 12:34, "How can ye, being evil, speak good things?" See Luke 14:33; 1 Samuel 16:2.
Come to me - The same as believe on me.
Draw him - This word is used here, evidently, to denote such an influence from God as to secure the result, or as to incline the mind to believe; yet the manner in which this is done is not determined by the use of the word. It is used in the New Testament six times. Once it is applied to a compulsory drawing of Paul and Silas to the market-place, Acts 16:19. Twice it is used to denote the drawing of a net, John 21:6, John 21:11. Once to the drawing of a sword John 18:10; and once in a sense similar to its use here John 12:32; "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me." What is its meaning here must be determined by the facts about the sinner's conversion. See the notes at John 6:40. In the conversion of the sinner God enlightens the mind John 6:45, he inclines the will Psalm 110:3, and he influences the soul by motives, by just views of his law, by his love, his commands, and his threatenings; by a desire of happiness, and a consciousness of danger; by the Holy Spirit applying truth to the mind, and urging him to yield himself to the Saviour. So that, while God inclines him, and will have all the glory, man yields without compulsion; the obstacles are removed, and he becomes a willing servant of God.
45
John 6:45
預言者たちのうちに - Isaiah 54:13 のことである。同様の趣旨は Micah 4:1-4 および Jeremiah 31:34 にも見出される。しかし、ここで「預言者たち」とは預言書全体を意味し、イエスが念頭に置かれていたのはおそらくイザヤ書のその箇所だけである。それが預言者たちを引用するときの通常の仕方であったからである。
すべての者が神によって教えられる - これは前の節を説明するものである。人々が神へと引き寄せられるのは、神のみことばと御霊の教えによるのである。これは、それが強制的なものではなく、道には、強い自発的な無知と従いたくないという意志以外には何の障害もないことを示している。
英語原文
In the prophets - Isaiah 54:13. A similar sentiment is found in Micah 4:1-4, and Jeremiah 31:34; but by the prophets, here, is meant the book of the prophets, and it is probable that Jesus had reference only to the place in Isaiah, as this was the usual way of quoting the prophets.
Shall be all taught of God - This explains the preceding verse. It is by the teaching of his Word and Spirit that men are drawn to God. This shows that it is not compulsory, and that there is no obstacle in the way but a strong voluntary ignorance and unwillingness.
46
John 6:46
だれも父を見たのではない - イエスがこれを付け加えられたのは、明らかに誤解を防ぐためであった。イエスは、ご自分のところに来る人はみな、神に教えられると語られた。通常、教師は生徒に見られ、聞かれるものである。しかし、人がご自分のところに来るためには、目に見える仕方で神を見、耳に聞こえる仕方で神を聞かなければならない、と言おうとされているかのように受け取られないように、イエスは、そのようなことを言明するつもりはないと付け加えられる。いまだかつて、だれも神を見た者はいない、ということは依然として真実であった。それゆえ、彼らは神を見ることを期待すべきではなく、イエスのことばも、まるでイエスがそのようなことを教えようとしているかのように曲げられてはならないのである。
神から出た者のほかには - イエスはここで、明らかにご自身を神の子として指しておられる。イエスは先に、だれも父を見た者はいないと言われた。イエスがご自身は父を見たと断言されるとき、それはイエスが人以上の方であることを含意する。イエスは、父のふところにおられる独り子であり (John 1:18)、その栄光の輝き、その本質の真の姿であり (Hebrews 1:3)、万物の上にいます神、とこしえにほめたたえられる方である (Romans 9:5)。イエスが神から出た者であるということは、イエスが神の独り子であり、メシアとして世界に遣わされた方であることを意味する。
見た - 親密に知り、あるいは認識したという意味である。イエスは神の本質、性質、計画を知っておられる。これは、人が所有しているものに勝る知識への主張であり、イエスが神と同等のお方であると仮定することなしには理解できないのである。
英語原文
Not that any man hath seen the Father - Jesus added this, evidently, to guard against mistake. He had said that all who came to him were taught of God. The teacher was commonly seen and heard by the pupil; but, lest it should be supposed that he meant to say that a man to come to him must see and hear God, visibly and audibly, he adds that he did not intend to affirm this. It was still true that no man had seen God at any time. They were not, therefore, to expect to see God, and his words were not to be perverted as if he meant to teach that.
Save he which is of God - Jesus here evidently refers to himself as the Son of God. He had just said that no man had seen the Father. When he affirms that he has seen the Father, it implies that he is more than man. He is the only-begotten Son who is in the bosom of the Father, John 1:18; the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, Hebrews 1:3; God over all, blessed forever, Romans 9:5. By his being of God is meant that he is the only-begotten Son of God, and sent as the Messiah into the world.
Hath seen - Hath intimately known or perceived him. He knows his nature, character, plans. This is a claim to knowledge superior to what man possesses, and it cannot be understood except by supposing that Jesus is equal with God.
47
無題
英語原文
48
John 6:48
わたしは、そのいのちのパンである - わたしの教えと、わたしの仲介の恵みとは、荒野のマナがそのかすかな型にすぎなかった、その霊的ないのちのまことの支えである。John 6:32-33 を参照せよ。
英語原文
I am that bread of life - My doctrines and the benefits of my mediation are that real support of spiritual life of which the manna in the wilderness was the faint emblem. See John 6:32-33.
49
John 6:49
あなたがたの先祖たちはマナを食べました - 彼らのためには、実際の奇跡が行われた。彼らが神に選ばれた民であることを示す、神の絶え間ない介入があったのである。
そして死にました - 彼らが食べたパンは、彼らを死から救うことができなかった。神が彼らのために介入されたにもかかわらず、彼らは死んだのである。ここから、次のことを学ぶことができる。
-
単に一時的な必要を満たすだけのものは、神の賜物の中で最も価高いものではないこと。
-
最も際立った現世的な祝福をもってしても、死から救うことはできないこと。富、友人、食物、衣服は、いのちを保つことができない。
-
単なる地の祝福以上のものが必要であること。天から下って来て、世界にいのちを与えるそのパンが必要なのである。
英語原文
Your fathers did eat manna - There was a real miracle performed in their behalf; there was a perpetual interposition of God which showed that they were his chosen people.
And are dead - The bread which they ate could not save them from death. Though God interfered in their behalf, yet they died. We may learn,
-
That that is not the most valuable of God's gifts which merely satisfies the temporal wants.
-
That the most distinguished temporal blessings will not save from death. Wealth, friends, food, raiment, will not preserve life.
-
There is need of something better than mere earthly blessings; there is need of that bread which cometh down from heaven, and which giveth life to the world.
50
無題
英語原文
51
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:51
The bread that I will give is by flesh - That is, his body would be offered as a sacrifice for sin, agreeably to his declaration when he instituted the Supper: "This is my body which is broken for you," 1 Corinthians 11:24.
Life of the world - That sinners might, by his atoning sacrifice, be recovered from spiritual death, and be brought to eternal life. The use of the word world hero shows that the sacrifice of Christ was full free ample, and designed for all men, as it is said in 1 John 2:2, "He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world." In this verse Jesus introduces the subject of his death and atonement. It may be remarked that in the language which he used the transition from bread to his flesh would appear more easy than it does in our language. The same word which in Hebrew means "bread," in the Syriac and Arabic means also "flesh."
52
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文無題
53
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:53
In these verses Jesus repeats what he had in substance said before.
Except ye eat the flesh ... - He did not mean that this should be understood literally, for it was never done, and it is absurd to suppose that it was intended to be so understood. Nothing can possibly be more absurd than to suppose that when he instituted the Supper, and gave the bread and wine to his disciples, they literally ate his flesh and drank his blood. Who can believe this? There he stood, a living man - his body yet alive, his blood flowing in his veins; and how can it be believed that this body was eaten and this blood drunk? Yet this absurdity must be held by those who hold that the bread and wine at the communion are "changed into the body, blood, and divinity of our Lord." So it is taught in the decrees of the Council of Trent; and to such absurdities are men driven when they depart from the simple meaning of the Scriptures and from common sense. It may be added that if the bread and wine used in the Lord's Supper were not changed into his literal body and blood when it was first instituted, they have never been since.
The Lord Jesus would institute it just as he meant it should be observed, and there is nothing now in that ordinance which there was not when the Saviour first appointed it. His body was offered on the cross, and was raised up from the dead and received into heaven. Besides, there is no evidence that he had any reference in this passage to the Lord's Supper. That was not yet instituted, and in that there was no literal eating of his flesh and drinking of his blood. The plain meaning of the passage is, that by his bloody death - his body and his blood offered in sacrifice for sin - he would procure pardon and life for man; that they who partook of that, or had an interest in that, should obtain eternal life. He uses the figure of eating and drinking because that was the subject of discourse; because the Jews prided themselves much on the fact that their fathers had eaten manna; and because, as he had said that he was the bread of life, it was natural and easy, especially in the language which he used, to carry out the figure, and say that bread must be eaten in order to be of any avail in supporting and saving men. To eat and to drink, among the Jews, was also expressive of sharing in or partaking of the privileges of friendship. The happiness of heaven and all spiritual blessings are often represented under this image, Matthew 8:11; Matthew 26:29; Luke 14:15, etc.
53-55
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文無題
54
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文無題
55
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:55
Is meat indeed - Is truly food. My doctrine is truly that which will give life to the soul.
56
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:56
Dwelleth in me - Is truly and intimately connected with me. To dwell or abide in him is to remain in the belief of his doctrine, and in the participation of the benefits of his death. Compare John 15:1-6; John 17:21-23.
I in him - Jesus dwells in believers by his Spirit and doctrine. When his Spirit is given them to sanctify them; when his temper, his meekness, his humility, and his love pervade their hearts; when his doctrine is received by them and influences their life, and when they are supported by the consolations of the gospel, it may be said that he abides or dwells in them.
57
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:57
I live by the Father - See the notes at John 5:26.
58
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:58
This is that bread ... - This is the true bread that came down. The word "that" should not be in the translation.
Shall live for ever - Not on the earth, but in the enjoyments of a better world.
59
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文無題
60
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:60
Many of his disciples - The word "disciple" means "learner." It was applied to the followers of Christ because they were taught by him. It does not imply, of necessity, that those to whom it was given were real Christians, but simply that they were under his teaching, and were professed learners in his school. See Matthew 17:16; Mark 2:18; John 9:28; Matthew 10:24. It is doubtless used in this sense here. It is, however, often applied to those who are real Christians.
This is an hard saying - The word "hard" here means "offensive, disagreeable" - that which they could not bear. Some have understood it to mean "difficult to be understood," but this meaning does not suit the connection. The doctrine which he delivered was opposed to their prejudices; it seemed to be absurd, and they therefore rejected it.
Saying - Rather doctrine or speech - Greek, λόγος logos. It does not refer to any particular part of the discourse, but includes the whole.
Who can hear it? - That is, who can hear it patiently - who can stay and listen to such doctrine or believe it. The effect of this is stated in John 6:66. The doctrines which Jesus taught that were so offensive appear to have been:
-
that he was superior to Moses.
-
that God would save all that he had chosen and those only.
-
that he said he was the bread that came from heaven.
-
that it was necessary to partake of that; that it was necessary that an atonement should be made, and that they should be saved by that.
These doctrines have always been among the most offensive that men have been called on to believe, and many, rather than trust in them, have chosen to draw back to perdition.
61
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文無題
62
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:62
What and if ... - Jesus does not say that those who were then present would see him ascend, but he implies that he would ascend. They had taken offence because he said he came down from heaven. Instead of explaining that away, he proceeds to state another doctrine quite as offensive to them - that he would reascend to heaven. The apostles only were present at his ascension, Acts 1:9. As Jesus was to ascend to heaven, it was clear that he could not have intended literally that they should eat his flesh.
63
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:63
It is the Spirit that quickeneth - These words have been understood in different ways. The word "Spirit," here, evidently does not refer to the Holy Spirit, for he adds, "The words that I speak unto you, they are spirit." He refers here, probably, to the doctrine which he had been teaching in opposition to their notions and desires. "My doctrine is spiritual; it is fitted to quicken and nourish the soul. It is from heaven. Your doctrine or your views are earthly, and may be called flesh, or fleshly, as pertaining only to the support of the body. You place a great value on the doctrine that Moses fed the body; yet that did not permanently profit, for your fathers are dead. You seek also food from me, but your views and desires are gross and earthly."
Quickeneth - Gives life. See the notes at John 5:21.
The flesh - Your carnal views and desires, and the literal understanding of my doctrine. By this Jesus shows them that he did not intend that his words should be taken literally.
Profiteth nothing - Would not avail to the real needs of man. The bread that Moses gave, the food which you seek, would not be of real value to man's highest wants.
They are spirit - They are spiritual. They are not to be understood literally, as if you were really to eat my flesh, but they are to be understood as denoting the need of that provision for the soul which God has made by my coming into the world.
Are life - Are fitted to produce or give life to the soul dead in sins.
64
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:64
Jesus knew from the beginning ... - As this implied a knowledge of the heart, and of the secret principles and motives of men, it shows that he must have been omniscient.
65
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文無題
66
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:66
Many of his disciples - Many who had followed him professedly as his disciples and as desirous of learning of him. See the notes at John 6:60.
Went back - Turned away from him and left him. From this we may learn,
-
Not to wonder at the apostasy of many who profess to be followers of Christ. Many are induced to become his professed followers by the prospect of some temporal benefit, or under some public excitement, as these were; and when that temporal benefit is not obtained, or that excitement is over, they fall away.
-
Many may be expected to be offended by the doctrines of the gospel. Having no spirituality of mind, and really understanding nothing of the gospel, they may be expected to take offence and turn back. The best way to understand the doctrines of the Bible is to be a sincere Christian, and aim to do the will of God, John 7:17.
-
We should examine ourselves. We should honestly inquire whether we have been led to make a profession of religion by the hope of any temporal advantage, by any selfish principle, or by mere excited animal feeling. If we have it will profit us nothing, and we shall either fall away of ourselves, or be cast away in the great day of judgment.
67
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:67
The twelve - The twelve apostles.
Will ye also go away? - Many apostatized, and it was natural now for Jesus to submit the question to the twelve. "Will you, whom I have chosen, on whom I have bestowed the apostleship, and who have seen the evidence of my Messiahship, will you now also leave me?" This was the time to try them; and it is always a time to try real Christians when many professed disciples become cold and turn back; and then we may suppose Jesus addressing us, and saying, Will ye also go away! Observe here, it was submitted to their choice. God compels none to remain with him against their will, and the question in such trying times is submitted to every man whether he will or will not go away.
68
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:68
Simon Peter answered him - With characteristic ardor and promptness. Peter was probably one of the oldest of the apostles, and it was his character to be first and most ardent in his professions.
To whom shall we go - This implied their firm conviction that Jesus was the Messiah, and that he alone was able to save them. It is one of Peter's noble confessions - the instinctive promptings of a pious heart and of ardent love. There was no one else who could teach them. The Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the scribes were corrupt, and unable to guide them aright; and, though the doctrines of Jesus were mysterious, yet they were the only doctrines that could instruct and save them.
Thou hast ... - The meaning of this is, thou teachest the doctrines which lead to eternal life. And from this we may learn:
-
that we are to expect that some of the doctrines of the Bible will be mysterious.
-
that, though they are difficult to be understood, yet we should not therefore reject them.
-
that nothing would be gained by rejecting them. The atheist, the infidel - nay, the philosopher, believes, or professes to believe, propositions quite as mysterious as any in the Bible.
-
that poor, lost, sinful man has nowhere else to go but to Jesus. He is the way, the truth, and the life, and if the sinner betakes himself to any other way he will wander and die.
-
We should, therefore, on no account forsake the teachings of the Son of God. The words that he speaks are spirit and are life.
69
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:69
We are sure ... - See a similar confession of Peter in Matthew 16:16, and the notes at that place. Peter says we are sure, in the name of the whole of the apostles. Jesus immediately cautions him, as he did on other occasions, not to be too confident, for one of them actually had no such feelings, but was a traitor.
70
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:70
Have not I chosen you twelve? - There is much emphasis in these words. Have not I - I, the Saviour, the Messiah, chosen you in mercy and in love, and therefore it will be a greater sin to betray me? Chosen. Chosen to the apostolic office; conferred on you marks of special favor, and treason is therefore the greater sin. You twelve. So small a number. Out of such a multitude as follow for the loaves and fishes, it is to be expected there should be apostates; but when the number is so small, chosen in such a manner, then it becomes every one, however confident he may be, to be on his guard and examine his heart.
Is a devil - Has the spirit, the envy, the malice, and the treasonable designs of a devil. The word "devil" here is used in the sense of an enemy, or one hostile to him.
71
翻訳準備中 · 英語原文John 6:71
He spake of Judas ... - There is no evidence that Jesus designated Judas so that the disciples then understood that it was he. It does not appear that the apostles even suspected Judas, as they continued to treat him afterward with the same confidence, for he carried the bag, or the purse containing their little property John 12:6; John 13:29; and at the table, when Jesus said that one of them would betray him, the rest did not suspect Judas until Jesus pointed him out particularly, John 13:26. Jesus spoke of one, to put them on their guard, to check their confidence, and to lead them to self-examination. So in every church, or company of professing Christians, we may know that it is probable that there may be some one or more deceived; but we may not know who it may be, and should therefore inquire prayerfully and honestly, "Lord, is it I?"
Should betray - Would betray. If it be asked why Jesus called a man to be an apostle who he knew had no love for him, who would betray him, and who had from the beginning the spirit of a "devil," we may reply:
-
It was that Judas might be an important witness for the innocence of Jesus, and for the fact that he was not an impostor. Judas was with him more than three years. He was treated with the same confidence as the others, and in some respects even with superior confidence, as he had "the bag" John 12:6, or was the treasurer. He saw the Saviour in public and in private, heard his public discourses and his private conversation, and he would have been just the witness which the high priests and Pharisees would have desired, if he had known any reason why he should be condemned. Yet he alleged nothing against him. Though he betrayed him, yet he afterward said that he was innocent, and, under the convictions of conscience, committed suicide. If Judas had known anything against the Saviour he would have alleged it. If he had known that he was an impostor, and had alleged it, he would have saved his own life and been rewarded. If Jesus was an impostor, he ought to have made it known, and to have bean rewarded for it.
-
It may have been, also, with a foresight of the necessity of having such a man among his disciples, in order that his own death might be brought about in the manner in which it was predicted. There were several prophecies which would have been unfulfilled had there been no such man among the apostles.
-
It showed the knowledge which the Saviour had of the human heart, that he could thus discern character before it was developed, and was able so distinctly to predict that he would betray him.
-
We may add, what benevolence did the Saviour evince - what patience and forbearance - that he had with him for more than three years a man who he knew hated him at heart, and who would yet betray him to be put to death on a cross, and that during all that time he treated him with the utmost kindness!
「イエスは向こう岸に渡られた」――すなわち、湖の東側へ行かれたということである。イエスが行かれた場所はベツサイダであった(Luke 9:10)。五千人に食べ物をお与えになったこの奇蹟の記述は、Matthew 14:13-21; Mark 6:32-44; Luke 9:10-17 にも記録されている。ヨハネは、他の福音書記者たちが省いたいくつかの事情を付け加えている。