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Were astonished (ἐξεπλήσσοντο)

From ἐκ, out of, and πλήσσω, to strike. Often to drive one out of His senses by a sudden shock, and therefore here of amazement. They were astounded. We have a similar expression, though not so strong: "I was struck with this or that remarkable thing."

He taught (ἦν διδάσκων)

He was teaching. This union of the verb and participle emphasizes the idea of duration or habit more than the simple tense.

Tormented (βασανιζόμενος)

See on torments, Matthew 4:24.

Heal (θεραπεύσω)

So A. V. and Rev. The word, however, originally means to attend, and to treat medically. The centurion uses another and stronger word, shall be healed (ἰαθήσεται). Luke, who as a physician is precise in the use of medical terms, uses both words in one verse (Luke 9:11). Jesus healed (ἰᾶτο) all who had need of treatment (θεραπείας). Still, Luke himself does not always observe the distinction. See on Luke 5:15.

Also (καὶ)

Omitted in A. V., but very important. "I also am a man under authority," as well as thou. (Tynd., I also myself). The centurion compares the Lord's position with his own. Christ had authority over disease. The centurion also was in authority over soldiers. As the centurion had only to say to a soldier "Go!" and he went, so Christ had only to say to disease "Go!" and it would obey him.

Shall sit down (ἀνακλιθήσονται)

Lit., recline. The picture is that of a banquet. Jews as well as Romans reclined at table on couches.

The outer (τὸ ἐξώτερον)

The Greek order of words is very forcible. "They shall be east forth into the darkness, the outer (darkness). The picture is of an illuminated banqueting chamber, outside of which is the thick darkness of night.

Was healed (ἰάθη)

Note that the stronger word of the centurion (Matthew 8:8) is used here. Where Christ tends, he heals.